ORIGINAL ARTICLE
J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2014 ; 12 (3): 234 - 239 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000194
Influence of pastes containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on surface of demineralized enamel Tamara O. Peric1, Dejan L.J. Markovic1, Vesna J. Radojevic2, Radmila M. Jancic Heinemann2, Bojan B. Petrovic3, Jelena S. Lamovec4 Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade - Serbia Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade - Serbia 3 Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dentistry Clinic of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad - Serbia 4 Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade - Serbia 1
2
ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the surface characteristics of demineralized enamel after treatment with pastes containing casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) or casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) and to compare their efficacy with that of 0.05% NaF. Methods: Following formation of the artificial carious lesion, enamel slabs were divided into 4 groups (CPP-ACP, CPP-ACFP, 0.05% NaF and control) and submitted to a chemical caries model. Remineralization potential was examined using scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and microhardness test. Scanning electron microphotographs were analyzed for area, minimal, maximal and mean diameter, perimeter, roundness and number of enamel defects and percentage of tooth surface affected by defects. Results: Treatment with 0.05% NaF partly reduced the appearance of enamel defects when compared with irregular demineralized enamel. Treatment with CPP-ACP or CPP-ACFP resulted in occlusion of defects which produced more flattened enamel surface. Image analysis revealed reduction of the dimensions of the defects in the 3 experimental groups. Treatment with CPP-ACFP decreased the number of enamel defects when compared with demineralized enamel. The EDS analysis did not show differences in Ca/O, P/O and Ca/P ratios between the groups (P>0.05). Microhardness test revealed significant effects of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP (P0.05, Friedman’s ANOVA). Fluorine was detected in 1 sample in the CPP-ACFP group. Microhardness test revealed significant effects of pastes containing CPP-ACP or CPP-ACFP (Tab. IV). No differences in VHN values were noted between the 3 experimental groups (P>0.05, Friedman’s ANOVA). DISCUSSION
Fig. 1 - Scanning electron microscopy microphotographs of the enamel showing irregular surface of the incipient carious lesion with numerous defects (a: ×1,000, b: ×2,000), surface after treatment with fluoride with partially occluded defects (c: ×1,000, d: ×2,000), surface after treatment with casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (e: ×1,000, f: ×2,000) or casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) (g: ×1,000, h: ×2,000) resulting in significant alterations of enamel appearance, with occlusion of defects.
GmbH, Jena, Germany) at ×12.5 magnification, and the Vickers hardness number (VHN) was calculated. Descriptive statistical analyses were primarily implemented. Friedman’s analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the intergroup comparative analyses. The level of significance was set at P
J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2014 ; 12 (3): 234 - 239 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000194
Influence of pastes containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on surface of demineralized enamel Tamara O. Peric1, Dejan L.J. Markovic1, Vesna J. Radojevic2, Radmila M. Jancic Heinemann2, Bojan B. Petrovic3, Jelena S. Lamovec4 Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade - Serbia Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade - Serbia 3 Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dentistry Clinic of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad - Serbia 4 Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade - Serbia 1
2
ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the surface characteristics of demineralized enamel after treatment with pastes containing casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) or casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) and to compare their efficacy with that of 0.05% NaF. Methods: Following formation of the artificial carious lesion, enamel slabs were divided into 4 groups (CPP-ACP, CPP-ACFP, 0.05% NaF and control) and submitted to a chemical caries model. Remineralization potential was examined using scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and microhardness test. Scanning electron microphotographs were analyzed for area, minimal, maximal and mean diameter, perimeter, roundness and number of enamel defects and percentage of tooth surface affected by defects. Results: Treatment with 0.05% NaF partly reduced the appearance of enamel defects when compared with irregular demineralized enamel. Treatment with CPP-ACP or CPP-ACFP resulted in occlusion of defects which produced more flattened enamel surface. Image analysis revealed reduction of the dimensions of the defects in the 3 experimental groups. Treatment with CPP-ACFP decreased the number of enamel defects when compared with demineralized enamel. The EDS analysis did not show differences in Ca/O, P/O and Ca/P ratios between the groups (P>0.05). Microhardness test revealed significant effects of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACFP (P0.05, Friedman’s ANOVA). Fluorine was detected in 1 sample in the CPP-ACFP group. Microhardness test revealed significant effects of pastes containing CPP-ACP or CPP-ACFP (Tab. IV). No differences in VHN values were noted between the 3 experimental groups (P>0.05, Friedman’s ANOVA). DISCUSSION
Fig. 1 - Scanning electron microscopy microphotographs of the enamel showing irregular surface of the incipient carious lesion with numerous defects (a: ×1,000, b: ×2,000), surface after treatment with fluoride with partially occluded defects (c: ×1,000, d: ×2,000), surface after treatment with casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (e: ×1,000, f: ×2,000) or casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP) (g: ×1,000, h: ×2,000) resulting in significant alterations of enamel appearance, with occlusion of defects.
GmbH, Jena, Germany) at ×12.5 magnification, and the Vickers hardness number (VHN) was calculated. Descriptive statistical analyses were primarily implemented. Friedman’s analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the intergroup comparative analyses. The level of significance was set at P
