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treatment on bond strength to enamel after tooth bleaching: an in situ study !"#1, Sandra Kiss MOURA2$% &' ( ) (! 3$!*' +- +' 0!#1, Renata Corrêa PASCOTTO1 1- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil. 2- Department of Dentistry, University North of Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, PR, Brazil. 3- Private practice, Maringá, PR, Brazil 4 - - Renata Corrêa Pascotto - Av. Mandacaru, 1550 - bloco S/08 - 87.080-000 - Maringá - PR - Brasil - Phone: +55 44 9982-0215 - +55 +'89 :-' ; -:'- > + 98 $
ABSTRACT
O
in situ human enamel restored after tooth bleaching. Material and Methods: Forty human teeth
8 specimens each: Gct (control group, restored on unbleached enamel); Gbl (restored !" #$ %&' *& min and restored); G7d (bleached, exposed to saliva in situ for 7 days and restored); and G14d (bleached, exposed to saliva in situ %+ -/ cut into 0.8 mm2 3 -5 6
9 $ $ -?@A>3B post-hoc test (αC&-& $ as the experimental unit. Results: Mean bond strength results found for Gbl in comparison " 9
# $ 9 tipped suction device (Sug-Plast, DFL Indústria e Comércio S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil) and - + $ -5 +&$ ]& $
-
Treatment with sodium ascorbate 5 9 3 $
" %&' sodium ascorbate gel (pH 7) manipulated according to Kimyai and Valizadeh14 (2006) shortly before its $ %&&' humidity for 60 minutes. After this period specimens ]& $
-
Restoration with composite resin J $ 3
#
Otto inox, Arminger & Cia Ltda, São Leopoldo, /5$J6 - ]H' ]&
]& - > $ #> Single Bond 2, 3M-ESPE, 3M do Brasil, Campinas, 5 $ ]HL \+-
Exposure to saliva in situ To evaluate the effect of exposure time to human saliva on composite bond strength to bleached $] # -
$ diseases, n = $ systemic disorders! smokers and current use of orthodontic appliances 9 ->
(Jeltrate Dustless, Dentsply, York, PA, USA) of the 3$ # A$ $ 3$$w5> for each volunteer. Polyvinyl siloxane blocks (Elite HD+, Zhermack Clinical, Badia Polesine, Rovigo, - - - cyanoacrylate-based glue (Super Bonder, Loctite, São Paulo, SP, Brazil)-
J Appl Oral Sci.
569
2013;21(6):567-574
-L' -> N ' 9 )-- - 9 - -8 - - -9 N
8 > - -in situ study
Microtensile testing
Statistical analysis
$9 brackets of a precision sectioning machine (Isomet %&&&$J$~3J
$~$w5> 3 - 5 # Corp. 12205) perpendicularly through the tooth/ restoration interface into 0.9 mm slices. Each slice 9 be further sectioned as to obtain tooth/restoration 3 }
= 0.8 mm2- digital caliper (Zaas Precision, Amatools, Piracicaba, 5 $ 3 %&&' testing. 3 jig (Odeme Biotechnology, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil) cyanoacrylate glue (adhesive ZAP and Zip Kicker accelerator, Colas, Pacer Technology, USA), leaving just the enamel/resin interface exposed. This 3 3 centralized on the device and tension distribution - 53 tensile-tested at 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine (EMIC DL 2000, São José dos Pinhais, #" $ results. In another study, Torres, et al.26 (2006) observed that the treatment of dental specimens \& 9 - B9 9 $ - $ $ $ to some studies12,27, more effective than solutions, as the active compounds in the gel are released Although an in vitro study has demonstrated that the amount of sodium ascorbate required to reduce hydrogen peroxide is directly related to the concentration of the latter, and the reaction kinetics 9 to exert an effect8, the exact time required for the antioxidant to reestablish bond capacity to bleached enamel in vivo has yet to be established. Lai, et al.16#\&&\ %&' ascorbate for at least a third of the bleaching agent - K $ Kimyai and Valizadeh14 (2006) left the antioxidant ] $
J Appl Oral Sci.
572
2013;21(6):567-574
MIRANDA TAM, MOURA SK, AMORIM VHO, TERADA RSS, PASCOTTO RC
$
- microtensile tests mentioned by El Zohairy, et al.7 (2010), concerning the high presence of cohesive fractures. Moreover, to minimize the differences in adhesion that could occur in different parts of the
$ bond strength for the sticks originating from the same dental specimen. In conclusion, based on the results found in this study, the use of sodium ascorbate after = 9
Y - E $
$ for at least 7 days after tooth bleaching. From a chemical-molecular perspective, the alterations in the bleached enamel caused by the antioxidant 3 -
hydrogen peroxide concentrations can also Y end of the bleaching treatment and the performance of bonding procedures3. Studies using hydrogen %+ procedure. The results of the present study support this assumption, as bond strength to bleached enamel after being exposed for 14 days (G14d) 9 found for sodium ascorbate-treated enamel (Gsa). Results obtained in laboratory studies may differ from the clinical situation, because they commonly 9 3. In situ studies have the advantage of being nearest to the clinical situation, as bleached dental specimens are placed under the direct effect of human saliva5. Human saliva acts on the oxidative stress mediated by free radicals, and presents alternative antioxidants, including ascorbic acid and vitamin E10. A previous in situ and in vitro that although bleaching agents are capable of altering dental enamel surface’s microhardness,
$ $ for enamel mineral reposition20. This process helps
$ is an important component in the adhesive strength of enamel22. In an attempt to simulate the clinical
$ antioxidant effect of saliva could be assessed in the reestablishment of adhesive bond strength after bleaching, volunteers in the in situ experiment 3 = containing products. These products have been
6, B remineralization process. $ \' $ \' - = tensile as expected. The frequency of premature
" #H' than that observed in other groups. During the specimen preparation procedures, microcracks might have been inadvertently produced mainly by the vibrations of the cutting instruments. 5 $ enamel, are responsible for the premature failure of microtensile bond specimens7. The high number of pretest failures seen in the Gbl group emphasizes the fragility of bonding immediately after bleaching. In order to standardize procedures and avoid
$ recommendations set out by Roulet and Van Meerbeek21 #\&&H - $@?$5?$L3"$ £ KA-
-L Res. 2009;43(5):391-6.
573
2013;21(6):567-574
-L' -> N ' 9 )-- - 9 - -8 - - -9 N
8 > - -in situ study
H= £ >>$ 5 E$ > >$ K6 > - 9 microtensile versus microshear bond testing for evaluation of bond strength of dental adhesive systems to enamel. Dent Mater. 2010;26:848-54. 8- Freire A, Souza EM, Menezes Caldas DB, Rosa EA, Bordin CF, Carvalho RM, et al. Reaction kinetics of sodium ascorbate and dental bleaching gel. J Dent. 2009;37:932-6. 9- Garcia EJ, Mena-Serrano A, Andrade AM, Reis A, Grande RH, ~ >- %&' = = - Eur J Esthet Dent. 2012;7(2):154-62. %&= "¤¤¥ $A6E$>>>$E ZN. Comparison of the effect of hydrogel and solution forms of sodium ascorbate on orthodontic bracket-enamel shear bond strength immediately after bleaching: an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res. 2010;21:54-8. 14- Kimyai S, Valizadeh H. The effect of hydrogel and solution of sodium ascorbate on bond strength in bleached enamel. Oper Dent. 2006;31:496-9. 15- Lago AD, Freitas PM, Netto NG. Evaluation of the bond strength >" -
treatment on bond strength to enamel after tooth bleaching: an in situ study !"#1, Sandra Kiss MOURA2$% &' ( ) (! 3$!*' +- +' 0!#1, Renata Corrêa PASCOTTO1 1- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil. 2- Department of Dentistry, University North of Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, PR, Brazil. 3- Private practice, Maringá, PR, Brazil 4 - - Renata Corrêa Pascotto - Av. Mandacaru, 1550 - bloco S/08 - 87.080-000 - Maringá - PR - Brasil - Phone: +55 44 9982-0215 - +55 +'89 :-' ; -:'- > + 98 $
ABSTRACT
O
in situ human enamel restored after tooth bleaching. Material and Methods: Forty human teeth
8 specimens each: Gct (control group, restored on unbleached enamel); Gbl (restored !" #$ %&' *& min and restored); G7d (bleached, exposed to saliva in situ for 7 days and restored); and G14d (bleached, exposed to saliva in situ %+ -/ cut into 0.8 mm2 3 -5 6
9 $ $ -?@A>3B post-hoc test (αC&-& $ as the experimental unit. Results: Mean bond strength results found for Gbl in comparison " 9
# $ 9 tipped suction device (Sug-Plast, DFL Indústria e Comércio S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil) and - + $ -5 +&$ ]& $
-
Treatment with sodium ascorbate 5 9 3 $
" %&' sodium ascorbate gel (pH 7) manipulated according to Kimyai and Valizadeh14 (2006) shortly before its $ %&&' humidity for 60 minutes. After this period specimens ]& $
-
Restoration with composite resin J $ 3
#
Otto inox, Arminger & Cia Ltda, São Leopoldo, /5$J6 - ]H' ]&
]& - > $ #> Single Bond 2, 3M-ESPE, 3M do Brasil, Campinas, 5 $ ]HL \+-
Exposure to saliva in situ To evaluate the effect of exposure time to human saliva on composite bond strength to bleached $] # -
$ diseases, n = $ systemic disorders! smokers and current use of orthodontic appliances 9 ->
(Jeltrate Dustless, Dentsply, York, PA, USA) of the 3$ # A$ $ 3$$w5> for each volunteer. Polyvinyl siloxane blocks (Elite HD+, Zhermack Clinical, Badia Polesine, Rovigo, - - - cyanoacrylate-based glue (Super Bonder, Loctite, São Paulo, SP, Brazil)-
J Appl Oral Sci.
569
2013;21(6):567-574
-L' -> N ' 9 )-- - 9 - -8 - - -9 N
8 > - -in situ study
Microtensile testing
Statistical analysis
$9 brackets of a precision sectioning machine (Isomet %&&&$J$~3J
$~$w5> 3 - 5 # Corp. 12205) perpendicularly through the tooth/ restoration interface into 0.9 mm slices. Each slice 9 be further sectioned as to obtain tooth/restoration 3 }
= 0.8 mm2- digital caliper (Zaas Precision, Amatools, Piracicaba, 5 $ 3 %&&' testing. 3 jig (Odeme Biotechnology, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil) cyanoacrylate glue (adhesive ZAP and Zip Kicker accelerator, Colas, Pacer Technology, USA), leaving just the enamel/resin interface exposed. This 3 3 centralized on the device and tension distribution - 53 tensile-tested at 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine (EMIC DL 2000, São José dos Pinhais, #" $ results. In another study, Torres, et al.26 (2006) observed that the treatment of dental specimens \& 9 - B9 9 $ - $ $ $ to some studies12,27, more effective than solutions, as the active compounds in the gel are released Although an in vitro study has demonstrated that the amount of sodium ascorbate required to reduce hydrogen peroxide is directly related to the concentration of the latter, and the reaction kinetics 9 to exert an effect8, the exact time required for the antioxidant to reestablish bond capacity to bleached enamel in vivo has yet to be established. Lai, et al.16#\&&\ %&' ascorbate for at least a third of the bleaching agent - K $ Kimyai and Valizadeh14 (2006) left the antioxidant ] $
J Appl Oral Sci.
572
2013;21(6):567-574
MIRANDA TAM, MOURA SK, AMORIM VHO, TERADA RSS, PASCOTTO RC
$
- microtensile tests mentioned by El Zohairy, et al.7 (2010), concerning the high presence of cohesive fractures. Moreover, to minimize the differences in adhesion that could occur in different parts of the
$ bond strength for the sticks originating from the same dental specimen. In conclusion, based on the results found in this study, the use of sodium ascorbate after = 9
Y - E $
$ for at least 7 days after tooth bleaching. From a chemical-molecular perspective, the alterations in the bleached enamel caused by the antioxidant 3 -
hydrogen peroxide concentrations can also Y end of the bleaching treatment and the performance of bonding procedures3. Studies using hydrogen %+ procedure. The results of the present study support this assumption, as bond strength to bleached enamel after being exposed for 14 days (G14d) 9 found for sodium ascorbate-treated enamel (Gsa). Results obtained in laboratory studies may differ from the clinical situation, because they commonly 9 3. In situ studies have the advantage of being nearest to the clinical situation, as bleached dental specimens are placed under the direct effect of human saliva5. Human saliva acts on the oxidative stress mediated by free radicals, and presents alternative antioxidants, including ascorbic acid and vitamin E10. A previous in situ and in vitro that although bleaching agents are capable of altering dental enamel surface’s microhardness,
$ $ for enamel mineral reposition20. This process helps
$ is an important component in the adhesive strength of enamel22. In an attempt to simulate the clinical
$ antioxidant effect of saliva could be assessed in the reestablishment of adhesive bond strength after bleaching, volunteers in the in situ experiment 3 = containing products. These products have been
6, B remineralization process. $ \' $ \' - = tensile as expected. The frequency of premature
" #H' than that observed in other groups. During the specimen preparation procedures, microcracks might have been inadvertently produced mainly by the vibrations of the cutting instruments. 5 $ enamel, are responsible for the premature failure of microtensile bond specimens7. The high number of pretest failures seen in the Gbl group emphasizes the fragility of bonding immediately after bleaching. In order to standardize procedures and avoid
$ recommendations set out by Roulet and Van Meerbeek21 #\&&H - $@?$5?$L3"$ £ KA-
-L Res. 2009;43(5):391-6.
573
2013;21(6):567-574
-L' -> N ' 9 )-- - 9 - -8 - - -9 N
8 > - -in situ study
H= £ >>$ 5 E$ > >$ K6 > - 9 microtensile versus microshear bond testing for evaluation of bond strength of dental adhesive systems to enamel. Dent Mater. 2010;26:848-54. 8- Freire A, Souza EM, Menezes Caldas DB, Rosa EA, Bordin CF, Carvalho RM, et al. Reaction kinetics of sodium ascorbate and dental bleaching gel. J Dent. 2009;37:932-6. 9- Garcia EJ, Mena-Serrano A, Andrade AM, Reis A, Grande RH, ~ >- %&' = = - Eur J Esthet Dent. 2012;7(2):154-62. %&= "¤¤¥ $A6E$>>>$E ZN. Comparison of the effect of hydrogel and solution forms of sodium ascorbate on orthodontic bracket-enamel shear bond strength immediately after bleaching: an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res. 2010;21:54-8. 14- Kimyai S, Valizadeh H. The effect of hydrogel and solution of sodium ascorbate on bond strength in bleached enamel. Oper Dent. 2006;31:496-9. 15- Lago AD, Freitas PM, Netto NG. Evaluation of the bond strength >" -
