Heads of Unit Managers A program to improve the job satisfaction of the Unit Managers surveyed in this study would be most beneficial if directed toward fulfillment of the individual’s self-esteem, self-autonomy, and selfactualization. To facilitate in the accomplishment of selfesteem, the unit managers must be given the opportunity to develop an esprit de corps. To fulfill their autonomy needs, they should be given more opportunities for independent thought and action, increased authority in their positions, an opportunity to participate in goal setting, and the determination of methods and procedures. To assist in the fulfillment of self-actualization they should be given opportunity for growth and development, a feeling of self-fulfillment, and a feeling of accomplishment. Hospitals must offer opportunities to satisfy these needs if they hope to retain the services of professional unit management.

REFERENCES 1. A.H. Maslow, Motivation and Personaliry (New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, Inc., 1954): and A.H. Maslow, “A Theory of Human Motivation,” Phychological Review, Volume 50(1943), pp. 370-396. 2. Lyman W. Porter, “A Study of Perceived Need Satisfaction in Bottom and Middle Management Jobs,” Journal of Applied PJychology Volume 45 (February 1961),pp. 1-10, 3. Ibid. 4. Lyman W. Porter and V.F. Mitchel, “Comparative Study of Need Satisfaction in Military and Business Hierarchies,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Volume 51 (1967). pp. 139-144. 5. Lyman W. Porter, “Job Attitudes in Management: IV. Perceived Deficiencies in Need Fulfillment as a Function of Size of Company,“ Journal of Applied Psychology, Volume 47 (1963), pp. 386-397. 6. Mason Haire, Edwin E. Ghiselli, and Lyman W. Porter, Managerial Thinking: An International Study, (New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1966). 7. Lyman W. Porter, “Job Attitudes in Management: IV. Perceived Deficiencies in Need Fulfillment as a Function of Job Level.” Journal of Applied Psychology. Volume 46 (December 1962),pp. 375-384. 8. Ibid., p. 378. 9. E. Miller, “Job Satisfaction of National Union Leaders,” Personnel Psychology, Volume 19 (Autumn, 1966), pp. 261-274. 10. Eugene E. Edel, “A Study in Managerial Motivation.” Personnel Administration, Volume 29 (NovemberDecember, 1967),pp. 31-38. 11. John M. Ivancevich, “Perceived Need Satisfaction of Domestic Versus Overseas Managers,” Journal of Applied PsycholoLv. Volume 53, (1969) pp. 274-278. 12. John W. Slocum, Jr., and Robert H. Strawser, “The Impact of Job Level, Geographical Location. and Organizational Size on the Managerial Satisfaction of Bankers, Journal of Bank Research, Volume 1 (Fall, 1970). 13. Vincent C. Brenner, Paul E. Dascher and Robert H. Strawser, “How Industrial Accountants View Their Work Environment,” Managerial Planning, (May-June, 1974). pp. 23-35.

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