Original Research published: 11 July 2017 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00154
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Saeed Reza Eshghi1,2, Kevin Fletcher 1,2, Étienne Myette-Côté 1,2, Cody Durrer 3, Raniah Q. Gabr4, Jonathan P. Little 3, Peter Senior 2,5, Craig Steinback1,2, Margie H. Davenport1,2, Gordon J. Bell 1,2, Dion R. Brocks 6 and Normand G. Boulé 1,2* 1 Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 2 Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 3 School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada, 4 National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt, 5 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 6 Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Edited by: Jan Polák, Charles University in Prague, Czechia Reviewed by: Andrea Enzo Scaramuzza, Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Italy Niels Jessen, Aarhus University, Denmark *Correspondence: Normand G. Boulé [email protected] Specialty section: This article was submitted to Diabetes, a section of the journal Frontiers in Endocrinology Received: 24 February 2017 Accepted: 20 June 2017 Published: 11 July 2017 Citation: Eshghi SR, Fletcher K, Myette-Côté É, Durrer C, Gabr RQ, Little JP, Senior P, Steinback C, Davenport MH, Bell GJ, Brocks DR and Boulé NG (2017) Glycemic and Metabolic Effects of Two Long Bouts of Moderate-Intensity Exercise in Men with Normal Glucose Tolerance or Type 2 Diabetes. Front. Endocrinol. 8:154. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00154
Background: The glycemic and insulinemic responses following 30–60 min of exercise have been extensively studied, and a dose–response has been proposed between exercise duration, or volume, and improvements in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. However, few studies have examined the effects of longer bouts of exercise in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Longer bouts may have a greater potential to affect glucagon, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and incretin hormones [i.e., glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)]. aim: To examine the effect of two bouts of long-duration, moderate-intensity exercise on incretins, glucagon, and IL-6 responses before and after exercise, as well as in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) conducted the following day. Methods: Twelve men, six with and six without T2D, participated in two separate conditions (i.e., exercise vs. rest) according to a randomized crossover design. On day 1, participants either rested or performed two 90 min bouts of treadmill exercise (separated by 3.5 h) at 80% of their ventilatory threshold. All participants received standardized meals on day 1. On day 2 of each condition, glucose and hormonal responses were measured during a 4-h OGTT. results: On day 1, exercise increased IL-6 at the end of the first bout of exercise (exercise by time interaction p = 0.03) and GIP overall (main effect of exercise p = 0.004). Glucose was reduced to a greater extent in T2D following exercise (exercise by T2D interaction p = 0.03). On day 2, GIP and active GLP-1 were increased in the fasting state (p = 0.05 and p = 0.03, respectively), while plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations were reduced during the OGTT (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively) in the exercise compared to the rest condition for both healthy controls and T2D. Postprandial glucose was elevated in T2D compared to healthy control (p
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Saeed Reza Eshghi1,2, Kevin Fletcher 1,2, Étienne Myette-Côté 1,2, Cody Durrer 3, Raniah Q. Gabr4, Jonathan P. Little 3, Peter Senior 2,5, Craig Steinback1,2, Margie H. Davenport1,2, Gordon J. Bell 1,2, Dion R. Brocks 6 and Normand G. Boulé 1,2* 1 Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 2 Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 3 School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada, 4 National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt, 5 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 6 Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Edited by: Jan Polák, Charles University in Prague, Czechia Reviewed by: Andrea Enzo Scaramuzza, Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Italy Niels Jessen, Aarhus University, Denmark *Correspondence: Normand G. Boulé [email protected] Specialty section: This article was submitted to Diabetes, a section of the journal Frontiers in Endocrinology Received: 24 February 2017 Accepted: 20 June 2017 Published: 11 July 2017 Citation: Eshghi SR, Fletcher K, Myette-Côté É, Durrer C, Gabr RQ, Little JP, Senior P, Steinback C, Davenport MH, Bell GJ, Brocks DR and Boulé NG (2017) Glycemic and Metabolic Effects of Two Long Bouts of Moderate-Intensity Exercise in Men with Normal Glucose Tolerance or Type 2 Diabetes. Front. Endocrinol. 8:154. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00154
Background: The glycemic and insulinemic responses following 30–60 min of exercise have been extensively studied, and a dose–response has been proposed between exercise duration, or volume, and improvements in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity. However, few studies have examined the effects of longer bouts of exercise in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Longer bouts may have a greater potential to affect glucagon, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and incretin hormones [i.e., glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)]. aim: To examine the effect of two bouts of long-duration, moderate-intensity exercise on incretins, glucagon, and IL-6 responses before and after exercise, as well as in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) conducted the following day. Methods: Twelve men, six with and six without T2D, participated in two separate conditions (i.e., exercise vs. rest) according to a randomized crossover design. On day 1, participants either rested or performed two 90 min bouts of treadmill exercise (separated by 3.5 h) at 80% of their ventilatory threshold. All participants received standardized meals on day 1. On day 2 of each condition, glucose and hormonal responses were measured during a 4-h OGTT. results: On day 1, exercise increased IL-6 at the end of the first bout of exercise (exercise by time interaction p = 0.03) and GIP overall (main effect of exercise p = 0.004). Glucose was reduced to a greater extent in T2D following exercise (exercise by T2D interaction p = 0.03). On day 2, GIP and active GLP-1 were increased in the fasting state (p = 0.05 and p = 0.03, respectively), while plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations were reduced during the OGTT (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively) in the exercise compared to the rest condition for both healthy controls and T2D. Postprandial glucose was elevated in T2D compared to healthy control (p
