Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal
ISSN: 0003-9896 (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/vzeh20
Geographic Distribution of Selenium in Human Milk Thomas R. Shearer PhD & Demetrios M. Hadjimarkos DDS, MSD, MPH To cite this article: Thomas R. Shearer PhD & Demetrios M. Hadjimarkos DDS, MSD, MPH (1975) Geographic Distribution of Selenium in Human Milk, Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 30:5, 230-233, DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1975.10666686 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1975.10666686
Published online: 02 May 2013.
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Geographic Distribution of Selenium in Human Milk Thomas R. Shearer, PhD, Demetrios M. Hadjimarkos, DDS, MSD, MPHt Data were collected on the selenium concentration in human mature milk from a total of 241 sUbjects who resided in or near cities located in 17 states across the United States. The overall mean value for the selenium content of mature human milk was 0.018 ppm Se. Most of the individual values for selenium in human milk fell within the narrow range of 0.007 to 0.033 ppm Se, yet there was evidence for geographic variations in the selenium content of milk collected from the various cities.
hree epidemiological studies in T . the United States,'" a recent population study in the Soviet Union,' and animal experiments with rats· and monkeys' indicate that ingestion of somewhat increased amounts of the trace mineral selenium during the period of tooth development increases the frequency of dental caries. In a follow-up study of one of the epidemiological investigations mentioned above,z a positive association
Submitted for publication Sept 9, 1974; accepted Nov 15. . From the Division of Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oregon Dental School, Portland, Ore. t Deceased. Reprint requests to the Division of Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oregon Dental School, 611 SW Campus Dr, Portland, OR 97201 (Dr. Shearer).
230
Arch Environ Health/Vol 30, May 1975
between dental caries and the selenium content of certain foods, including cows' milk, was noted." The selenium content of cows' milk has been shown to vary considerably depending on the selenium content of the soil and feeds.'·n A map showing marked geographic differences in the concentrations of selenium in forage crops from 46 of the 50 states in the United States has been published. 12 Selenium in human breast milk is an important source of selenium for infants, in whom the selenium has dental importance since it is ingested during the period of tooth development.':l·'" However, there are only three published studies, of limited scope, on the selenium content of human milk. 13 ' Jr' These studies show that selenium is a normal constituent of human milk at relatively low concentrations (approximately 0.01 to 0.02 ppm Se). The purposes of the present study were (1) to determine the range of selenium concentrations in human breast milk collected from mothers residing in the United States and (2) to make an extensive study of possible geographic variations in the concentrations of selenium in human breast milk collected from many different geographic locations. Such data are important to epidemiological studies concerning the relationship between selenium and dental caries Selenium/Shearer
&
Hadjimarkos
samples were skewed into the highest range of 0.052 to 0.060 ppm Se; one from each of the cities containing higher concentrations of selenium in breast milk: Sioux Falls, SD~ Portland, Ore; and Salt Lake City (Table
Table 1.-Selenium Concentrations in Human Mature Milk From 17 States in the United States
No. of
Downloaded by [University of Florida] at 19:23 18 June 2016
Sub· City Sioux Falls, SD Salt Lake City Billings, Mont Portland,Oret State College, Pa Douglas, Ariz Rolla, Mo Iowa Cityt Santa Barbara, Calif Athens, Ga Cheyenne, Wyo Corpus Christi. Tex Norman,Okla Pueblo, Colo Syracuse. NY Bristol, Conn Akron, Ohio Overall
jects 15 14 10 15 15 14 15 15 14 11 14 15 14 15 15 15 15 241
Age Post filar· Range, tum Range, yr Days 21·41 112-389 21-32 17-390 42-390 24-30 17-44 42-150 22-33 65-363 18-32 22-344 22-540 22-37 18-31 40- 83 22-35 28-360 20-39 28-360 17-38 37-704 20-31 24-480 43-630 20-36 86-648 19-33 23-869 25-39 29-425 19-29 20-353 23-42 17-44 17-869
Selenium, ppm •
,
Mean 0,028 ± 0.003" 0.022 ± 0.003 0.021 ± 0.001 0.021 ± 0.003 0.021 ± 0.001 0.020 ± 0.001 0.020±' 0.001 0.020 ± 0.001 0.018 ± 0.002 0.o18± 0.001 0.016 ± 0.001 0.016 ± 0.001 0.016 ± 0.001 0.015 ± 0.001 0.015 ± 0.001 0.015 ± 0.001 0.013± 0.001 0.018 ± 0.0004
Range 0.017-0.060 0.014-0.052 0.016-0.027 0.013-0.053 0.012-0.026 0.011-0.027 0.013-0.028 0.015-0.024 0,010-0.032 0.012-0.025 0.010-0.026 0.009-0.022 0.009-0.026 0.012-0.020 0.010-0.019 0.008-0.023 0.007-0.017 0.007-0,060
, Rank 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8
1).
-
• Mean ± SE. Means differing by more than 0,005 ppm Se are significantly different at
P
ISSN: 0003-9896 (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/vzeh20
Geographic Distribution of Selenium in Human Milk Thomas R. Shearer PhD & Demetrios M. Hadjimarkos DDS, MSD, MPH To cite this article: Thomas R. Shearer PhD & Demetrios M. Hadjimarkos DDS, MSD, MPH (1975) Geographic Distribution of Selenium in Human Milk, Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 30:5, 230-233, DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1975.10666686 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1975.10666686
Published online: 02 May 2013.
Submit your article to this journal
Article views: 4
View related articles
Citing articles: 4 View citing articles
Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=vzeh20 Download by: [University of Florida]
Date: 18 June 2016, At: 19:23
Downloaded by [University of Florida] at 19:23 18 June 2016
Geographic Distribution of Selenium in Human Milk Thomas R. Shearer, PhD, Demetrios M. Hadjimarkos, DDS, MSD, MPHt Data were collected on the selenium concentration in human mature milk from a total of 241 sUbjects who resided in or near cities located in 17 states across the United States. The overall mean value for the selenium content of mature human milk was 0.018 ppm Se. Most of the individual values for selenium in human milk fell within the narrow range of 0.007 to 0.033 ppm Se, yet there was evidence for geographic variations in the selenium content of milk collected from the various cities.
hree epidemiological studies in T . the United States,'" a recent population study in the Soviet Union,' and animal experiments with rats· and monkeys' indicate that ingestion of somewhat increased amounts of the trace mineral selenium during the period of tooth development increases the frequency of dental caries. In a follow-up study of one of the epidemiological investigations mentioned above,z a positive association
Submitted for publication Sept 9, 1974; accepted Nov 15. . From the Division of Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oregon Dental School, Portland, Ore. t Deceased. Reprint requests to the Division of Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oregon Dental School, 611 SW Campus Dr, Portland, OR 97201 (Dr. Shearer).
230
Arch Environ Health/Vol 30, May 1975
between dental caries and the selenium content of certain foods, including cows' milk, was noted." The selenium content of cows' milk has been shown to vary considerably depending on the selenium content of the soil and feeds.'·n A map showing marked geographic differences in the concentrations of selenium in forage crops from 46 of the 50 states in the United States has been published. 12 Selenium in human breast milk is an important source of selenium for infants, in whom the selenium has dental importance since it is ingested during the period of tooth development.':l·'" However, there are only three published studies, of limited scope, on the selenium content of human milk. 13 ' Jr' These studies show that selenium is a normal constituent of human milk at relatively low concentrations (approximately 0.01 to 0.02 ppm Se). The purposes of the present study were (1) to determine the range of selenium concentrations in human breast milk collected from mothers residing in the United States and (2) to make an extensive study of possible geographic variations in the concentrations of selenium in human breast milk collected from many different geographic locations. Such data are important to epidemiological studies concerning the relationship between selenium and dental caries Selenium/Shearer
&
Hadjimarkos
samples were skewed into the highest range of 0.052 to 0.060 ppm Se; one from each of the cities containing higher concentrations of selenium in breast milk: Sioux Falls, SD~ Portland, Ore; and Salt Lake City (Table
Table 1.-Selenium Concentrations in Human Mature Milk From 17 States in the United States
No. of
Downloaded by [University of Florida] at 19:23 18 June 2016
Sub· City Sioux Falls, SD Salt Lake City Billings, Mont Portland,Oret State College, Pa Douglas, Ariz Rolla, Mo Iowa Cityt Santa Barbara, Calif Athens, Ga Cheyenne, Wyo Corpus Christi. Tex Norman,Okla Pueblo, Colo Syracuse. NY Bristol, Conn Akron, Ohio Overall
jects 15 14 10 15 15 14 15 15 14 11 14 15 14 15 15 15 15 241
Age Post filar· Range, tum Range, yr Days 21·41 112-389 21-32 17-390 42-390 24-30 17-44 42-150 22-33 65-363 18-32 22-344 22-540 22-37 18-31 40- 83 22-35 28-360 20-39 28-360 17-38 37-704 20-31 24-480 43-630 20-36 86-648 19-33 23-869 25-39 29-425 19-29 20-353 23-42 17-44 17-869
Selenium, ppm •
,
Mean 0,028 ± 0.003" 0.022 ± 0.003 0.021 ± 0.001 0.021 ± 0.003 0.021 ± 0.001 0.020 ± 0.001 0.020±' 0.001 0.020 ± 0.001 0.018 ± 0.002 0.o18± 0.001 0.016 ± 0.001 0.016 ± 0.001 0.016 ± 0.001 0.015 ± 0.001 0.015 ± 0.001 0.015 ± 0.001 0.013± 0.001 0.018 ± 0.0004
Range 0.017-0.060 0.014-0.052 0.016-0.027 0.013-0.053 0.012-0.026 0.011-0.027 0.013-0.028 0.015-0.024 0,010-0.032 0.012-0.025 0.010-0.026 0.009-0.022 0.009-0.026 0.012-0.020 0.010-0.019 0.008-0.023 0.007-0.017 0.007-0,060
, Rank 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8
1).
-
• Mean ± SE. Means differing by more than 0,005 ppm Se are significantly different at
P
