Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 1976, Volume 3, pages 75-81
Frequency and location of artificial crowns and fixed partial dentures constructed at a dental school
JAKOB VALDERHAUG and KJELL KARLSEN
Department of
Prosthetics, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway
Summary
The material consists of patients who received single crowns and fixed partial dentures at the Department of Prosthetics, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo in the period 1967-73. Two-thirds of the patients were women, and about two-thirds of the restorations were made in the maxilla. A total of 3275 crowns were received by 2145 patients. On average, maxillary teeth were crowned 7 years earlier than mandibular teeth. A total of 1393 fixed partial dentures, consisting of 6835 units, were made for 1368 patients. Introduction
The use of fixed prosthetic restorations varies in different parts of the world and so does the composition of the clientele. Tylman (1970) examined artificial crowns and fixed partial dentures constructed from 1923 to 1940 at the University of Illinois and found that the majority of the patients were between 20 and 40 years of age. Silness (1970) in a similar study at the University of Bergen reported a higher age composition. Both these studies showed that more women than men had been treated, and that the maxilla had received the majority of the restorations. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the age and sex distribution of patients who received single crowns and fixed partial dentures at the Department of Prosthetics, Dental Faculty, Oslo, Norway. It was also the intention to record the frequency and location of these types of restorations. Material and methods
The material of the present study consists of patients who received crowns and fixed partial dentures made by students from September 1967 until June 1973. However, the age of the patients was not recorded until 1970. The majority of the patients applied for dental treatment at their own initiative or were referred from other departments at the Dental School. A few patients were referred from dentists outside the school. Nearly all the patients lived in Oslo and were consequently not representative of the total Norwegian population. Housewives, pensioners and students are over-represented in the clientele. In principle all persons are free to register for treatCorrespondence: Associate Professor Dr J. Valderhaug, Det Odontologiske Eakultet, Klinikk for Protetikk, Universitetet i Oslo, Geitmyrsvegen 69, Oslo 4, Norway.
75
76
/ . Valderhaug and K. Karlsen
ment at the Dental School, and the enrolment of patients must be considered very satisfactory. The data for this study was collected from records available at the Department of Prosthetics. Results Artificial crowns During the stated period a total of 3275 artificial crowns had been received by 2145 patients, averaging 1-5 crowns per patient. Altogether 2151 crowns were made in the maxilla, and 1124 crowns in the mandible. On average there was no conspicuous difference in the number of crowns made for each female and male patient. Sixty-five per cent of the maxillary crowns and 68 % of the mandibular crowns were made for women. Fig. 1 presents the sex and age distribution of the patients who Moxilla
140 120
m
100
m i
80 60
i
40
1 a.
'o d
70
1 1/— // P 1
Mandible
Yf\ Women;
[ [ Men.
Fig. 1. Age and sex distribution of 1245 patients receiving artificial crowns in the period 1970-73.
received artificial crowns. On average the maxillary teeth were crowned at an earlier age than were the mandibular teeth. For the women who received maxillary crowns the mean age was 46-3 years and for the men 43-8 years. The mean age of the patients who had mandibular teeth restored with crowns was 51-2 years for women and 53-2 for men. Fig. 2 shows the distribution of artificial crowns according to the location in the mouth. Almost 70 % of the crowned teeth in the maxilla were incisors and cuspids.
Frequency and location of artificial crowns
11
Moxillo
10-
8-
I
c o
2o d
Right
7
6
5
I
7
Left
Mandible
i
Fig. 2. Distribution of 2151 crowns in the maxilla and 1124 crowns in the mandible (%). The Haderup system has been used according to which the permanent teeth are numbered from 1 to 8 in each quadrant.
In the mandible the same teeth constituted only 30 % of those wearing crowns. There was no clear difference in the number of teeth receiving crowns in the right and the left side of the maxilla nor in the mandible. Endodontically-treated teeth comprised 48% of the crowned teeth in the maxilla and 44% in the mandible. The types of crowns are listed in Table 1. The number of porcelain jacket crowns decreased during the last years of this study and the number of full crowns with metal bonded porcelain increased. Table 1. Types of artificial crowns in the maxilla and in the mandible (%) FCA Maxilla Mandible In both jaws
FCP
66 63 65
26 15 22
FCG
4 20 9
PC
Part. C
4 1 3
1 1
1
Total
101 100 100
FCA = full gold crown with acrylic facing. FCP = full crown with metal bonded porcelain. FCG = full crown in gold. PC = full crown in porcelain. Part. C = partial crown.
Fixed partial dentures A total of 1368 patients had received 1393 fixed partial dentures during the years 1967-73. The dentures consisted of 3927 retainers and 2908 pontics. The ratio of retainers to pontics was 1-35 : 1. In the maxilla 1029 fixed partial dentures constituting 5074 units were made for 1004 patients. The units comprised 2950 retainers and 2124 pontics, a ratio of 1-4 : 1. In the mandible 364 fixed partial dentures were made for 248 patients, the units constituting 977 retainers and 784 pontics, a ratio of 1 -2 : 1. The sex and age distribution of the patients who received fixed partial dentures are listed in Fig. 3. The women
78
/ . Valderhaug and K. Karlsen
comprised 65 % of the clientele. Of those who received fixed partial dentures in the maxilla 666 were women and 338 were men, and the mean age of the women was 48-2 years and 45-5 years for the men. The mean age of the 233 women and 132 men receiving fixed partial dentures in the mandible was 48-8 and 50-0 years respectively. Maxilla
100 80 60
20 519
20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 Age groups
>70
20 40 Mandible
^ ^ Women;
|
[ Men.
Fig. 3. Age and sex distribution of 734 patients receiving fixed partial dentures in the period 1970-73.
The number and location of missing teeth replaced by fixed partial dentures are given in Fig. 4. There was no obvious difference in the number of missing teeth being replaced when cotnparing the right and left side of either jaw. The number and location of teeth used as abutments are listed in Fig. 5. The cuspids were the most frequently used teeth and comprised 29 % of the abutment teeth Maxil la
12 10 8 6 -
4
-o
Q. CC
Right
5
4
3
1 2
i
2
5
^6
7
Left
Mandible
Fig. 4. Localization of 2908 missing teeth replaced by fixed partial dentures (%).
Frequency and location of artificial crowns
79
Maxilla
12-
m
10-
Frequency and location of artificial crowns and fixed partial dentures constructed at a dental school
JAKOB VALDERHAUG and KJELL KARLSEN
Department of
Prosthetics, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway
Summary
The material consists of patients who received single crowns and fixed partial dentures at the Department of Prosthetics, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo in the period 1967-73. Two-thirds of the patients were women, and about two-thirds of the restorations were made in the maxilla. A total of 3275 crowns were received by 2145 patients. On average, maxillary teeth were crowned 7 years earlier than mandibular teeth. A total of 1393 fixed partial dentures, consisting of 6835 units, were made for 1368 patients. Introduction
The use of fixed prosthetic restorations varies in different parts of the world and so does the composition of the clientele. Tylman (1970) examined artificial crowns and fixed partial dentures constructed from 1923 to 1940 at the University of Illinois and found that the majority of the patients were between 20 and 40 years of age. Silness (1970) in a similar study at the University of Bergen reported a higher age composition. Both these studies showed that more women than men had been treated, and that the maxilla had received the majority of the restorations. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the age and sex distribution of patients who received single crowns and fixed partial dentures at the Department of Prosthetics, Dental Faculty, Oslo, Norway. It was also the intention to record the frequency and location of these types of restorations. Material and methods
The material of the present study consists of patients who received crowns and fixed partial dentures made by students from September 1967 until June 1973. However, the age of the patients was not recorded until 1970. The majority of the patients applied for dental treatment at their own initiative or were referred from other departments at the Dental School. A few patients were referred from dentists outside the school. Nearly all the patients lived in Oslo and were consequently not representative of the total Norwegian population. Housewives, pensioners and students are over-represented in the clientele. In principle all persons are free to register for treatCorrespondence: Associate Professor Dr J. Valderhaug, Det Odontologiske Eakultet, Klinikk for Protetikk, Universitetet i Oslo, Geitmyrsvegen 69, Oslo 4, Norway.
75
76
/ . Valderhaug and K. Karlsen
ment at the Dental School, and the enrolment of patients must be considered very satisfactory. The data for this study was collected from records available at the Department of Prosthetics. Results Artificial crowns During the stated period a total of 3275 artificial crowns had been received by 2145 patients, averaging 1-5 crowns per patient. Altogether 2151 crowns were made in the maxilla, and 1124 crowns in the mandible. On average there was no conspicuous difference in the number of crowns made for each female and male patient. Sixty-five per cent of the maxillary crowns and 68 % of the mandibular crowns were made for women. Fig. 1 presents the sex and age distribution of the patients who Moxilla
140 120
m
100
m i
80 60
i
40
1 a.
'o d
70
1 1/— // P 1
Mandible
Yf\ Women;
[ [ Men.
Fig. 1. Age and sex distribution of 1245 patients receiving artificial crowns in the period 1970-73.
received artificial crowns. On average the maxillary teeth were crowned at an earlier age than were the mandibular teeth. For the women who received maxillary crowns the mean age was 46-3 years and for the men 43-8 years. The mean age of the patients who had mandibular teeth restored with crowns was 51-2 years for women and 53-2 for men. Fig. 2 shows the distribution of artificial crowns according to the location in the mouth. Almost 70 % of the crowned teeth in the maxilla were incisors and cuspids.
Frequency and location of artificial crowns
11
Moxillo
10-
8-
I
c o
2o d
Right
7
6
5
I
7
Left
Mandible
i
Fig. 2. Distribution of 2151 crowns in the maxilla and 1124 crowns in the mandible (%). The Haderup system has been used according to which the permanent teeth are numbered from 1 to 8 in each quadrant.
In the mandible the same teeth constituted only 30 % of those wearing crowns. There was no clear difference in the number of teeth receiving crowns in the right and the left side of the maxilla nor in the mandible. Endodontically-treated teeth comprised 48% of the crowned teeth in the maxilla and 44% in the mandible. The types of crowns are listed in Table 1. The number of porcelain jacket crowns decreased during the last years of this study and the number of full crowns with metal bonded porcelain increased. Table 1. Types of artificial crowns in the maxilla and in the mandible (%) FCA Maxilla Mandible In both jaws
FCP
66 63 65
26 15 22
FCG
4 20 9
PC
Part. C
4 1 3
1 1
1
Total
101 100 100
FCA = full gold crown with acrylic facing. FCP = full crown with metal bonded porcelain. FCG = full crown in gold. PC = full crown in porcelain. Part. C = partial crown.
Fixed partial dentures A total of 1368 patients had received 1393 fixed partial dentures during the years 1967-73. The dentures consisted of 3927 retainers and 2908 pontics. The ratio of retainers to pontics was 1-35 : 1. In the maxilla 1029 fixed partial dentures constituting 5074 units were made for 1004 patients. The units comprised 2950 retainers and 2124 pontics, a ratio of 1-4 : 1. In the mandible 364 fixed partial dentures were made for 248 patients, the units constituting 977 retainers and 784 pontics, a ratio of 1 -2 : 1. The sex and age distribution of the patients who received fixed partial dentures are listed in Fig. 3. The women
78
/ . Valderhaug and K. Karlsen
comprised 65 % of the clientele. Of those who received fixed partial dentures in the maxilla 666 were women and 338 were men, and the mean age of the women was 48-2 years and 45-5 years for the men. The mean age of the 233 women and 132 men receiving fixed partial dentures in the mandible was 48-8 and 50-0 years respectively. Maxilla
100 80 60
20 519
20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 Age groups
>70
20 40 Mandible
^ ^ Women;
|
[ Men.
Fig. 3. Age and sex distribution of 734 patients receiving fixed partial dentures in the period 1970-73.
The number and location of missing teeth replaced by fixed partial dentures are given in Fig. 4. There was no obvious difference in the number of missing teeth being replaced when cotnparing the right and left side of either jaw. The number and location of teeth used as abutments are listed in Fig. 5. The cuspids were the most frequently used teeth and comprised 29 % of the abutment teeth Maxil la
12 10 8 6 -
4
-o
Q. CC
Right
5
4
3
1 2
i
2
5
^6
7
Left
Mandible
Fig. 4. Localization of 2908 missing teeth replaced by fixed partial dentures (%).
Frequency and location of artificial crowns
79
Maxilla
12-
m
10-
