PROKARYOTES
crossm Finished Whole-Genome Sequence of Clostridium argentinense Producing Botulinum Neurotoxin Type G Jessica L. Halpin,a Karen Hill,b Shannon L. Johnson,b David Carlton Bruce,b T. Brian Shirey,a* Janet K. Dykes,a Carolina Lúqueza Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USAa; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USAb
Here, we present a closed genome sequence for Clostridium argentinense strain 89G, the first strain identified to produce botulinum neurotoxin type G (BoNT/G). Although discovered in 1970, to date, there have been no reference quality sequences publicly available for this species.
ABSTRACT
B
otulism is a rare but serious neuroparalytic disease that is caused by botulinum neurotoxins. These toxins are produced by Clostridium botulinum and several other Clostridia species, among them Clostridium argentinense (1). C. argentinense producing botulinum toxin type G was originally isolated from soil samples in the province of Mendoza, Argentina, in the 1960s (2–4). To date, no humans have been treated for botulism due to toxin type G, but it is essential to have the ability to quickly identify any such cases in the future, and this sequence will aid in this effort (5). A hybrid assembly method was utilized, and the isolate was sequenced by Illumina and PacBio and then assembled using Velvet 1.2.08, HGAP 3, and Phrap 4.24. Average coverage depths of 152⫻ by Illumina and 328⫻ by PacBio were achieved. The genome revealed a plasmid, pRSJ17_1 (accession no. CP014175), of 140,070 bp that consists of 26.7% G⫹C content and encodes 129 genes. The plasmid includes no coding regions for tRNA or rRNA but does include the 3,937-bp gene that encodes the botulinum neurotoxin. The chromosome has a length of 4,662,988 bp, consisting of 28.8% G⫹C content. The chromosome (accession no. CP014176) includes 4,145 open reading frames and 95 tRNA- and 30 rRNA-coding regions. Accession number(s). This sequence has been deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers CP014175 (plasmid) and CP014176 (chromosome).
Received 28 March 2017 Accepted 7 April 2017 Published 25 May 2017 Citation Halpin JL, Hill K, Johnson SL, Bruce DC, Shirey TB, Dykes JK, Lúquez C. 2017. Finished whole-genome sequence of Clostridium argentinense producing botulinum neurotoxin type G. Genome Announc 5:e00380-17. https:// doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.00380-17. Copyright © 2017 Halpin et al. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Address correspondence to Jessica L. Halpin, [email protected].
* Present address: T. Brian Shirey, NASA Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, California, USA.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Support for this project was provided by the CDC Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response. T.B.S. was supported by an Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education postdoctoral fellowship. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
REFERENCES 1. Collins MD, East AK. 1998. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the food-borne pathogen Clostridium botulinum and its neurotoxins. J Appl Microbiol 84:5–17. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.00313.x. 2. Giménez DF, Ciccarelli AS. 1970. Another type of Clostridium botulinum. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig 215:221–224. 3. Giménez DF, Ciccarelli AS. 1970. Studies on strain 84 of Clostridium botulinum. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig 215:212–220.
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4. Nukina M, Mochida Y, Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi G. 1988. Purification of Clostridium botulinum type G progenitor toxin. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A 268:220 –227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176 -6724(88)80006-3. 5. Smith TJ, Hill KK, Raphael BH. 2015. Historical and current perspectives on Clostridium botulinum diversity. Res Microbiol 166:290 –302. https://doi .org/10.1016/j.resmic.2014.09.007.
genomea.asm.org 1
crossm Finished Whole-Genome Sequence of Clostridium argentinense Producing Botulinum Neurotoxin Type G Jessica L. Halpin,a Karen Hill,b Shannon L. Johnson,b David Carlton Bruce,b T. Brian Shirey,a* Janet K. Dykes,a Carolina Lúqueza Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USAa; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USAb
Here, we present a closed genome sequence for Clostridium argentinense strain 89G, the first strain identified to produce botulinum neurotoxin type G (BoNT/G). Although discovered in 1970, to date, there have been no reference quality sequences publicly available for this species.
ABSTRACT
B
otulism is a rare but serious neuroparalytic disease that is caused by botulinum neurotoxins. These toxins are produced by Clostridium botulinum and several other Clostridia species, among them Clostridium argentinense (1). C. argentinense producing botulinum toxin type G was originally isolated from soil samples in the province of Mendoza, Argentina, in the 1960s (2–4). To date, no humans have been treated for botulism due to toxin type G, but it is essential to have the ability to quickly identify any such cases in the future, and this sequence will aid in this effort (5). A hybrid assembly method was utilized, and the isolate was sequenced by Illumina and PacBio and then assembled using Velvet 1.2.08, HGAP 3, and Phrap 4.24. Average coverage depths of 152⫻ by Illumina and 328⫻ by PacBio were achieved. The genome revealed a plasmid, pRSJ17_1 (accession no. CP014175), of 140,070 bp that consists of 26.7% G⫹C content and encodes 129 genes. The plasmid includes no coding regions for tRNA or rRNA but does include the 3,937-bp gene that encodes the botulinum neurotoxin. The chromosome has a length of 4,662,988 bp, consisting of 28.8% G⫹C content. The chromosome (accession no. CP014176) includes 4,145 open reading frames and 95 tRNA- and 30 rRNA-coding regions. Accession number(s). This sequence has been deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers CP014175 (plasmid) and CP014176 (chromosome).
Received 28 March 2017 Accepted 7 April 2017 Published 25 May 2017 Citation Halpin JL, Hill K, Johnson SL, Bruce DC, Shirey TB, Dykes JK, Lúquez C. 2017. Finished whole-genome sequence of Clostridium argentinense producing botulinum neurotoxin type G. Genome Announc 5:e00380-17. https:// doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.00380-17. Copyright © 2017 Halpin et al. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Address correspondence to Jessica L. Halpin, [email protected].
* Present address: T. Brian Shirey, NASA Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, California, USA.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Support for this project was provided by the CDC Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response. T.B.S. was supported by an Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education postdoctoral fellowship. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
REFERENCES 1. Collins MD, East AK. 1998. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the food-borne pathogen Clostridium botulinum and its neurotoxins. J Appl Microbiol 84:5–17. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.00313.x. 2. Giménez DF, Ciccarelli AS. 1970. Another type of Clostridium botulinum. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig 215:221–224. 3. Giménez DF, Ciccarelli AS. 1970. Studies on strain 84 of Clostridium botulinum. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig 215:212–220.
Volume 5 Issue 21 e00380-17
4. Nukina M, Mochida Y, Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi G. 1988. Purification of Clostridium botulinum type G progenitor toxin. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A 268:220 –227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176 -6724(88)80006-3. 5. Smith TJ, Hill KK, Raphael BH. 2015. Historical and current perspectives on Clostridium botulinum diversity. Res Microbiol 166:290 –302. https://doi .org/10.1016/j.resmic.2014.09.007.
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