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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Ulcerative Colitis: Not Just Yet See “ Fecal microbiota transplantation induces remission in patients with ulcerative colitis in a randomized, controlled trial,” by Moayyedi P, Surette MG, Kim PT, et al on page 000; and “Findings from a randomized controlled trial of fecal transplantation for patients with ulcerative colitis,” by Rossen NG, Fuentes S, van der Spek MJ, et al, on page 000.

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he role of the gut microbiome in human disease and inflammation has gained international attention over the past decade. The success of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in treating Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) has raised the possibility that FMT may be beneficial in other diseases associated with alterations in gut microbiota, or dysbiosis.1 Excitement around the possibility of FMT for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among patients and clinicians has grown rapidly, as anecdotal reports and small case series have suggested that FMT may have a beneficial effect.2,3 A recent metaanalysis showed that FMT in IBD is variable in efficacy with beneficial effects seemingly limited to patients with Crohn’s disease and the pediatric population.4 In this issue of Gastroenterology, the first 2 randomized, controlled studies evaluating the efficacy of FMT in ulcerative colitis (UC) are presented.5,6 Moayyedi et al report the results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial using FMT to induce remission in patients with mild-to-moderate UC. Seventy-five subjects received weekly FMT or placebo (water) via retention enema for 6 weeks. Investigators and recipients were blinded to the treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was remission, defined as Mayo Score of

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Ulcerative Colitis: Not Just Yet.

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