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Fate of Salmonella Senftenberg in broiler chickens evaluated by challenge experiments a

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G. Kallapura , M. H. Kogut , M. J. Morgan , N. R. Pumford , L. R. Bielke , A. D. a

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Wolfenden , O. B. Faulkner , J. D. Latorre , A. Menconi , X. Hernandez-Velasco , V. A. a

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Kuttappan , B. M. Hargis & G. Tellez a

Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA

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USDA-ARS, SPARC, College Station, TX, USA

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Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, México Accepted author version posted online: 13 May 2014.Published online: 17 Jun 2014.

To cite this article: G. Kallapura, M. H. Kogut, M. J. Morgan, N. R. Pumford, L. R. Bielke, A. D. Wolfenden, O. B. Faulkner, J. D. Latorre, A. Menconi, X. Hernandez-Velasco, V. A. Kuttappan, B. M. Hargis & G. Tellez (2014): Fate of Salmonella Senftenberg in broiler chickens evaluated by challenge experiments, Avian Pathology, DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.923554 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2014.923554

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Avian Pathology, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2014.923554

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Fate of Salmonella Senftenberg in broiler chickens evaluated by challenge experiments G. Kallapura1, M. H. Kogut2, M. J. Morgan1, N. R. Pumford1, L. R. Bielke1, A. D. Wolfenden1, O. B. Faulkner1, J. D. Latorre1, A. Menconi1, X. Hernandez-Velasco3, V. A. Kuttappan1, B. M. Hargis1, and G. Tellez1* Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA, 2USDA-ARS, SPARC, College Station, TX, USA, and 3Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, México

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Experimental and epidemiological evidence has indicated the respiratory route to be a potential portal of entry for salmonellas in poultry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the infectivity of Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg following oral gavage, intratracheal or intravenous challenge in chickens. Seven-dayold chicks were challenged with either 104 or 106 colony-forming units of S. Senftenberg per chick by oral gavage, intratracheal or intravenous challenge, respectively, in two independent trials. Chickens were humanely killed 24 h post challenge and S. Senftenberg was cultured and enumerated from caecal contents, caecal tissue–caecal tonsils and liver and spleen. In both trials, intratracheal delivery of S. Senftenberg was the only route that allowed colonization of the caeca of chickens when compared with oral gavage or intravenous challenge in a dose response fashion (P < 0.05). Liver and spleen samples yielded no S. Seftenberg after the lower dose challenge by the oral or intratracheal route and only low levels following the high-dose administration by these routes, whereas intravenous challenge resulted in recovery of the organisms after both doses. The results of the present study suggest that S. Senftenberg entering the blood is likely to be cleared and will not be able to colonize caeca to the same extent as compared with intratracheal challenge. Clarification of the potential importance of the respiratory tract for transmission of salmonellas under field conditions may be of critical importance to develop intervention strategies to reduce the transmission in poultry.

Introduction The natural route of transmission of zoonotic pathogens such as salmonellas is oral–faecal (White et al., 1997; Galanis et al., 2006); however, studies have also suggested that airborne transmission of salmonellas in poultry is possible (Mitchell et al., 2002; Albrecht et al., 2003; Harbaugh et al., 2006; López et al., 2012). The frequent recovery of salmonellas from dust and bioaerosols from infected poultry is well documented (Mitchell et al., 2002; Lues et al., 2007; Chinivasagam et al., 2009) and bioaerosolized salmonellas of a very small droplet size are capable of reaching the lower respiratory tract of chicks (Mensah & Brain, 1982; Cox & Pavic, 2010). Members of Salmonella are viable in laboratory-generated aerosols for more than 2 to 4 h depending on the overall prevailing relative humidity, the temperature of the air, and the strain (Wathes et al., 1988; McDermid & Lever, 1996). A detailed study by Hayter & Besch (1974) showed that the site of deposition of particles critically depends on their size. Large respired particles with a size of 4 to 7 µm get trapped and removed by the mucociliary ladder, but particles smaller than this are deposited in deeper areas of the respiratory organs. Aerosols of size

Fate of Salmonella Senftenberg in broiler chickens evaluated by challenge experiments.

Experimental and epidemiological evidence has indicated the respiratory route to be a potential portal of entry for salmonellas in poultry. The purpos...
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