December 1,
THE INFLUENCE OF SNAKE
1869.]
POISON,
&c. -BY J. FATEER.
24.9
15 minutes.
On opening the body, the blood was found to form coagulum. The object of these experiments was to comparo again tho effects of tho daboia and cobra-poison on the blood. They EXPERIMENTS ON THE INFLUENCE OF SNAKEclearly prove that after death from the viper's poison, howPOISON ON THE BLOOD OF ANIMALS. ever quickly it may be caused, the blood remains permanently fluid; whereas that tho cobra-poison does not destroy its Present:?Drs. Faybeb, Cunningham, and Mr. Sceva.coagulability. Tho nature of the change thus wrought 011 tho Septembcr 18th, 1869. blood, I know not at present in its chemical bearings, but I Expehiment No. 1.?A dog was bitten in the fore-foot by a believe it to be effected through the nerve centres affecting tho spectacled cobra. The snake struck tlie dog in the foot, and vitality of the blood, not by a direct chemical action. There held on for a moment, at 3-27 p.m. The snake lind been some certainly are differences in tho symptoms caused in tho bitten weeks in captivity and bad bitten before. 3-30.?The dog animals, but they equally point to direct action 011 tho nerve cenwildly excited, whining and licking the bitten part, which is tres, as the cause of death. I have seen as much difference bleeding and swollen ; keeps turning round and round ; sitting between the effects produced 011 tho cobra by different daboias, down and rising again in an excited manner; breathing very by the same daboia on different animals of the same species, a* much accelerated. 3-40.?Licking the wound in sitting posture, in those that had been bitten by the cobra; and, on tho other and is trembling all over. 3-47?Staggering. 3-50.?Iu conhand, similar differences in the bite of different cobras, or of vulsions. 3-55.?Dead?in 28 minutes. the same cobra on different animals of the same species. In Body examined at 4. p.m.?Lungs not congested ; cavities of point of deadliness, they are, when fresh and vigorous, about the heart filled with dark blood, which reddened and coagulated equal; but I think that the first effects of the poison are most firmly, directly it was removed : part was already coagulated. rapidly shewn in the daboia-bite. At 4-15, no rigor mortis. Dr. Cunningham, of the Bengal Medical Service, who is on Mr. Sceva reports that a little stiffness of the limbs had taken duty investigating tho subject of cholera, and who has special place at ten minutes to five, or in about an hour after death. a microscope with high powers, has very kindly undertaken to Experiment No. 2.?A pariah dog was bitten by the daboia make a most careful microscopical examination of the blood of that had been in confinement since December, 18G8, and during these animals; I append his report. that period had never taken food or water. It had been some weeks unused, and when taken out of the box was very active General Hospital; Friday, 21th September, 18G9. and vicious ; it seemed in good health and condition. Its jaws My Deae Db. Faybee,?Along with this I send you th? At 3-28, the dog were closed on the dog's thigh at 3-27 p.m. of tho dog's and fowl's blood, which I got last Saturwas partially paralysed ; it made no noise, seemed to feel no drawings Tho day. specimens wero examined, and tho drawings (of pain ; tried to move away a few paces with a staggering gait; these are copies), wero mado on Sunday morning. In no the bitten limb almost useless; head drooping to the ground. which bodies seen corresponding with Ilalford's cells, 3.4O.?Is \inable to stand ; limbs extended, perfectly paralysed ; case were any the cobra bitteu was, at tho time of examiuation, Tiie blood of of the limbs.? breathing deeply. 3-41.?Convulsive rigidity
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS
V
in
3-44.?Dead?in 7 minutes. The poison appears to have been very active in this instance, notwithstanding the condition of the snake. Paralysis of the nerve
there
centres was
no
seemed
sign
of
immediately. Body examined
to
pain, at
follow
immediately after the bite ; dog was unconscious almost
and the
3-55.?Lungs
a
firm dark clot.
Beyond
the
ordinary
constituents of the blood
nothing
could
be seen, even under a power of nearly 1,100 diameters. The blood of the dog bitten by tho viper differed from tho 1st.?In being entirely fluid. 2nd.?In being of a" lighter red colour. 3rd.?In containing numerous blood crystals. 4th.?In containing a good many largo and active specimens of Bacteria.
other. much
not
congested. Cardiac
cavities filled with fluid blood. The blood was perfectly fluid, both in the heart and great vessels, and remained so ; no attempt occurred. The contrast with the blood of the at
coagulation dog killed by the cobra was very remarkable, it formed at onco a firm clot. At 4-15 p.m., there was no rigor mortis. Mr. Sceva reports that at ten minutes to five, or in rather no rigor mortis had taken more than an hour after death, place. Experiment No. 3.?A fowl was bitten by the same daboia on the ground it ran a few in the thigh at 3-49. When placed In 30 seconds it fell over in on the bitten leg. steps, limping violent convulsions; in 20 seconds more?50 altogether?it was
firm
a
The fowl's blood
was
in both
cases
very much broken up and
decomposed, few entire red corpuscles remaining. This stute of decomposition was most marked in tho blood of that which was bitten by the viper. In both specimens wero a few of tho circular cells, which occur in fowl's blood under ordinary circumstances. With many thanks for tho opportunity whicli you have of examining the blood.?I am, Sic.,
given
me
D. Douglas Ccnnhtciiiaii.
dead.
fluid after death. The blood of this fowl remained perfectly was bitten by a small cobra Experiment No. 4.?A fowl keauteah), not fresh, in tho thigh at 4-8 p.m. "When
(teturiah placed on
the ground it ran about, limping on the bitten leg. Feathers drooping ;? crouching; rises and tries to run ; 4.9. 4-10.?Head falling over, beak its wings droop to the ground. 4-11. on the ground, comb and wattles becoming livid.
resting on the ground to Nearly paralysed, point of beak resting convulsed. This riso. cannot 4-18.?Violently support the head; until the fowl died at 4-23. Dead?in intervals at continued
X
750.
2 12
Cobra?Dog.
X
330.
THE INDIAN MEDICAL GAZETTE.
250
*
MB*,? 1
(?V% ^ ?
??>
r?
ft?
1080.
X
5
X 750.
7
9 3 7 8
X
330.
X x
330.
Cobra?Dog. ?
?Fowl.
4
x X 330.
6
x X
1080. 10S0.
8
X x
108?* 10S0.
10
X x
1080.
4 5 6 Daboia?Dog. 9 10 ?Fowl. ? ,,
[December 1,
1869.
THE INFLUENCE OF SNAKE
1869.]
POISON,
&c. -BY J. FATEER.
24.9
15 minutes.
On opening the body, the blood was found to form coagulum. The object of these experiments was to comparo again tho effects of tho daboia and cobra-poison on the blood. They EXPERIMENTS ON THE INFLUENCE OF SNAKEclearly prove that after death from the viper's poison, howPOISON ON THE BLOOD OF ANIMALS. ever quickly it may be caused, the blood remains permanently fluid; whereas that tho cobra-poison does not destroy its Present:?Drs. Faybeb, Cunningham, and Mr. Sceva.coagulability. Tho nature of the change thus wrought 011 tho Septembcr 18th, 1869. blood, I know not at present in its chemical bearings, but I Expehiment No. 1.?A dog was bitten in the fore-foot by a believe it to be effected through the nerve centres affecting tho spectacled cobra. The snake struck tlie dog in the foot, and vitality of the blood, not by a direct chemical action. There held on for a moment, at 3-27 p.m. The snake lind been some certainly are differences in tho symptoms caused in tho bitten weeks in captivity and bad bitten before. 3-30.?The dog animals, but they equally point to direct action 011 tho nerve cenwildly excited, whining and licking the bitten part, which is tres, as the cause of death. I have seen as much difference bleeding and swollen ; keeps turning round and round ; sitting between the effects produced 011 tho cobra by different daboias, down and rising again in an excited manner; breathing very by the same daboia on different animals of the same species, a* much accelerated. 3-40.?Licking the wound in sitting posture, in those that had been bitten by the cobra; and, on tho other and is trembling all over. 3-47?Staggering. 3-50.?Iu conhand, similar differences in the bite of different cobras, or of vulsions. 3-55.?Dead?in 28 minutes. the same cobra on different animals of the same species. In Body examined at 4. p.m.?Lungs not congested ; cavities of point of deadliness, they are, when fresh and vigorous, about the heart filled with dark blood, which reddened and coagulated equal; but I think that the first effects of the poison are most firmly, directly it was removed : part was already coagulated. rapidly shewn in the daboia-bite. At 4-15, no rigor mortis. Dr. Cunningham, of the Bengal Medical Service, who is on Mr. Sceva reports that a little stiffness of the limbs had taken duty investigating tho subject of cholera, and who has special place at ten minutes to five, or in about an hour after death. a microscope with high powers, has very kindly undertaken to Experiment No. 2.?A pariah dog was bitten by the daboia make a most careful microscopical examination of the blood of that had been in confinement since December, 18G8, and during these animals; I append his report. that period had never taken food or water. It had been some weeks unused, and when taken out of the box was very active General Hospital; Friday, 21th September, 18G9. and vicious ; it seemed in good health and condition. Its jaws My Deae Db. Faybee,?Along with this I send you th? At 3-28, the dog were closed on the dog's thigh at 3-27 p.m. of tho dog's and fowl's blood, which I got last Saturwas partially paralysed ; it made no noise, seemed to feel no drawings Tho day. specimens wero examined, and tho drawings (of pain ; tried to move away a few paces with a staggering gait; these are copies), wero mado on Sunday morning. In no the bitten limb almost useless; head drooping to the ground. which bodies seen corresponding with Ilalford's cells, 3.4O.?Is \inable to stand ; limbs extended, perfectly paralysed ; case were any the cobra bitteu was, at tho time of examiuation, Tiie blood of of the limbs.? breathing deeply. 3-41.?Convulsive rigidity
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS
V
in
3-44.?Dead?in 7 minutes. The poison appears to have been very active in this instance, notwithstanding the condition of the snake. Paralysis of the nerve
there
centres was
no
seemed
sign
of
immediately. Body examined
to
pain, at
follow
immediately after the bite ; dog was unconscious almost
and the
3-55.?Lungs
a
firm dark clot.
Beyond
the
ordinary
constituents of the blood
nothing
could
be seen, even under a power of nearly 1,100 diameters. The blood of the dog bitten by tho viper differed from tho 1st.?In being entirely fluid. 2nd.?In being of a" lighter red colour. 3rd.?In containing numerous blood crystals. 4th.?In containing a good many largo and active specimens of Bacteria.
other. much
not
congested. Cardiac
cavities filled with fluid blood. The blood was perfectly fluid, both in the heart and great vessels, and remained so ; no attempt occurred. The contrast with the blood of the at
coagulation dog killed by the cobra was very remarkable, it formed at onco a firm clot. At 4-15 p.m., there was no rigor mortis. Mr. Sceva reports that at ten minutes to five, or in rather no rigor mortis had taken more than an hour after death, place. Experiment No. 3.?A fowl was bitten by the same daboia on the ground it ran a few in the thigh at 3-49. When placed In 30 seconds it fell over in on the bitten leg. steps, limping violent convulsions; in 20 seconds more?50 altogether?it was
firm
a
The fowl's blood
was
in both
cases
very much broken up and
decomposed, few entire red corpuscles remaining. This stute of decomposition was most marked in tho blood of that which was bitten by the viper. In both specimens wero a few of tho circular cells, which occur in fowl's blood under ordinary circumstances. With many thanks for tho opportunity whicli you have of examining the blood.?I am, Sic.,
given
me
D. Douglas Ccnnhtciiiaii.
dead.
fluid after death. The blood of this fowl remained perfectly was bitten by a small cobra Experiment No. 4.?A fowl keauteah), not fresh, in tho thigh at 4-8 p.m. "When
(teturiah placed on
the ground it ran about, limping on the bitten leg. Feathers drooping ;? crouching; rises and tries to run ; 4.9. 4-10.?Head falling over, beak its wings droop to the ground. 4-11. on the ground, comb and wattles becoming livid.
resting on the ground to Nearly paralysed, point of beak resting convulsed. This riso. cannot 4-18.?Violently support the head; until the fowl died at 4-23. Dead?in intervals at continued
X
750.
2 12
Cobra?Dog.
X
330.
THE INDIAN MEDICAL GAZETTE.
250
*
MB*,? 1
(?V% ^ ?
??>
r?
ft?
1080.
X
5
X 750.
7
9 3 7 8
X
330.
X x
330.
Cobra?Dog. ?
?Fowl.
4
x X 330.
6
x X
1080. 10S0.
8
X x
108?* 10S0.
10
X x
1080.
4 5 6 Daboia?Dog. 9 10 ?Fowl. ? ,,
[December 1,
1869.
