RESEARCH ARTICLE
Evolving Healthcare Quality in Top Tertiary General Hospitals in China during the China Healthcare Reform (2010–2012) from the Perspective of Inpatient Mortality Xie-Min Ma1*, Xiao-Hong Chen2, Ji-Shan Wang2, Gary H. Lyman3,4, Zhi Qu1, Wen Ma1, Jing-Chen Song1, Chuan-Kun Zhou1, Lue Ping Zhao3,4* 1 School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 2 National Institute of Hospital Administration, China National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 3 Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, 4 School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America * [email protected] (XMM); [email protected] (LPZ) OPEN ACCESS Citation: Ma X-M, Chen X-H, Wang J-S, Lyman GH, Qu Z, Ma W, et al. (2015) Evolving Healthcare Quality in Top Tertiary General Hospitals in China during the China Healthcare Reform (2010–2012) from the Perspective of Inpatient Mortality. PLoS ONE 10(12): e0140568. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140568 Editor: Jianzhong Sun, Thomas Jefferson University, UNITED STATES Received: May 18, 2015 Accepted: September 28, 2015 Published: December 1, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Ma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: The authors have no support or funding to report. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Abstract Healthcare reforms (HR) initiated by many countries impacts on healthcare systems worldwide. Being one of fast developing countries, China launched HR in 2009. Better understanding of its impact is helpful for China and others in further pursuit of HR. Here we evaluate inpatient mortality, a proxy to healthcare quality, in 43 top tertiary hospitals in China during this critical period. This is a hospital-based observational study with 8 million discharge summary reports (DSR) from 43 Chinese hospitals from 2010–2012. Using DSRs, we extract the vita status as the outcome, in addition to age, gender, diagnostic codes, and surgical codes. Nearly all hospitals have expanded their hospitalization capacities during this period. As of year 2010, inpatient mortality (IM) across hospitals varies widely from 2‰ to 20‰. Comparing IM of year 2011 and 2012 with 2010, the overall IM has been substantially reduced (OR = 0.883 and 0.766, p-values
Evolving Healthcare Quality in Top Tertiary General Hospitals in China during the China Healthcare Reform (2010–2012) from the Perspective of Inpatient Mortality Xie-Min Ma1*, Xiao-Hong Chen2, Ji-Shan Wang2, Gary H. Lyman3,4, Zhi Qu1, Wen Ma1, Jing-Chen Song1, Chuan-Kun Zhou1, Lue Ping Zhao3,4* 1 School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 2 National Institute of Hospital Administration, China National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 3 Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, 4 School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America * [email protected] (XMM); [email protected] (LPZ) OPEN ACCESS Citation: Ma X-M, Chen X-H, Wang J-S, Lyman GH, Qu Z, Ma W, et al. (2015) Evolving Healthcare Quality in Top Tertiary General Hospitals in China during the China Healthcare Reform (2010–2012) from the Perspective of Inpatient Mortality. PLoS ONE 10(12): e0140568. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140568 Editor: Jianzhong Sun, Thomas Jefferson University, UNITED STATES Received: May 18, 2015 Accepted: September 28, 2015 Published: December 1, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Ma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: The authors have no support or funding to report. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Abstract Healthcare reforms (HR) initiated by many countries impacts on healthcare systems worldwide. Being one of fast developing countries, China launched HR in 2009. Better understanding of its impact is helpful for China and others in further pursuit of HR. Here we evaluate inpatient mortality, a proxy to healthcare quality, in 43 top tertiary hospitals in China during this critical period. This is a hospital-based observational study with 8 million discharge summary reports (DSR) from 43 Chinese hospitals from 2010–2012. Using DSRs, we extract the vita status as the outcome, in addition to age, gender, diagnostic codes, and surgical codes. Nearly all hospitals have expanded their hospitalization capacities during this period. As of year 2010, inpatient mortality (IM) across hospitals varies widely from 2‰ to 20‰. Comparing IM of year 2011 and 2012 with 2010, the overall IM has been substantially reduced (OR = 0.883 and 0.766, p-values
