Evidence of Prenatal Infection in the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncates) with the Lungworm Halocercus lagenorhynchi (Nematoda: Pseudaliidae) Author(s): Murray Dailey, Mike Walsh, Daniel Odell, and Terry Campbell Source: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 27(1):164-165. Published By: Wildlife Disease Association URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.7589/0090-3558-27.1.164

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Journal

of

Wildlife

Diseases,

Evidence

of Prenatal

(Tursiops

truncatus)

(Nematoda: MurTay

Infection

in the Bottlenose

with the Lungworm

Dailey,’

Dolphin

Halocercus

lagenorhynchi

Mike

Walsh,2

Beach,

Daniel

California

Odell,2

90840,

and Terry

USA;

Sea

2

Campbell,2

World

‘Ocean

7007

Rorida,

Sea

Studies World

Institute, Drive,

Adult lung lagenorhynchi of four Tursiops

nematodes identified as were collected from truncatus calves. The calves ranged in age from newborn to 3-wk-old and were found on both the Atlantic and Gulf

Nematodes

Halocercus the lungs

coasts

Florida

27#{176}56’N,82#{176}50’W. This

calf

the

attached.

of

(USA).

This

finding

suggests

the possibility of a more cosmopolitan distribution of prenatal infection with lung nematodes in cetaceans than previously suspected. Key words: Prenatal infections, lung nematodes, Halocercus lagenorhynchi, bottlenose dolphin,

Tursiops

Evidence

reported (Gates 1974;

stilesi

prenatal

infection

lung and

nematodes P. rushi

Protohas been

terrestrial

animals

previously

in

with

and Samuel, 1977; Forrester Hib!er et a!., 1974). Caldwell

of transmission taceans has not

the

This

study

documents

adult Halocercus truncatus calves Florida

(USA).

the

lagenorhynchi from 1987 Three

of these

of T. in

male

found

alive,

stuck

in the Banana Riven near (28#{176}00’N, 80#{176}30’W). The ported

to

32821,

USA)

Sea

on Cape calf

World (Orlando, where it died 11

were

according

stranded was

1). The

The

is specific

females

findings

of prenatal suggest

The

potential

enon

may

for

in the

of than

of nematodes

that

of this by

the

genera

particularly

(1979)

listed

important

secondary

bacterial

responsible

for

Phocoena

the

spe-

of which

may

Lungpneumoin the

Stroud

venminous

air

Brownel!

numerous

any

populations.

pul-

and

and

and

nematodes,

num-

lungs,

spaces

Dailey

be

phenom-

large

the

auditory

with trans-

may suspected.

infecting

list eight

de-

2). the

transmission previously

of cetaceans. of lung

(Fig. infections

suggested

artery,

lage(1955)

fully

uterus

significance be

H.

contained

lagenorhynchi

wild

nemas Hal-

to Delyamure

Our

are

with

Adult male and fewere recovered

larvae

of

at

found

identified

veloped

nia

lobes

collected

use this method of transmission. worm disease and its associated

health

and

Roffe

pneumonia

with

bnanchopneumonia death

as

of three

phocoena

infected

many

nematodes

subadult

with

H.

in-

vaginatus. Just

bar air

Canaveral was transdays

were

both

lung tissue. Male worms had fully spicu!es with the looped guberwhich

cies

were

a sand

and

legenoryhnchi. lagenorhynchi

monary

ce-

still

norhynchi

bers

on

found

cleared

naculum,

(1972)

in four to 1989

cord

were

State Rorida

necropsy

also

animal

umbilical

H.

at

California Orlando,

abscesses

Specimens

placental mode more common

collected on the Atlantic coast in Brevard County, Florida and one on the Gulf coast near Tampa Bay. Nematodes were co!lected from the lungs of one dolphin, a 120 cm

a second

sinuses

findings

calves

from

H.

sea lion (Zalophus 1970). The mode in

lung.

(Fig.

et a!., and

of lung nematodes been confirmed.

of the

from the developed

atodes at St. Augustine, Florida. However, the transmission of a parasitic nematode in the lungs of a marine mammal has only been demonstrated for Parafilaroides deCalifornia (Dailey,

in external

ocercus male

Caldwell (1968) reported observations on a 2#{189}-mo-old male Tursiops truncatus found infected with Halocercus sp. nem-

corus in the californianus)

collected

found

atodes

truncatus.

for

protostrongylid strongylus

1991,

Disease

Pseudaliidae)

University, Long 32821, USA

ABSTRACT:

pp. 164-165 Association 1991

27(1),

© Wildlife

how

passage

of cetaceans

transmission tation. here

Florida later. 164

However, suggests

needs the

using

infect this

additional the evidence potential

the

type

documenloss

presented of large

of

SHORT

Sea

World

of

and

CMSC

the

Care staff we would stitute

165

Florida;

Nadine

Keller,

Southwest

Florida

Animal

for help during the study. like to thank Tom Douglass,

of

Parasitology,

University,

help.

Technical

This

Also, In-

California for his

Beach,

Long

graphic

COMMUNICATIONS

is Sea

Contribution LITERATURE

State photo-

World

of Florida

Number

8921-F.

CITED

D. K. CALDWELL. 1968. Occurrence of the lungworm (Halocercus sp.) in Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) as a husbandry problem. In Proceedings of

CALDWELL,

M.

the

second

(eds.).

genorhynchi istic

looped

la-

of early verminous

through We

lungworm would like

Spellman stitute

postnatal pneumonia infection. to thank

and J. Morris Technology;

of

cetacean may

calves develop

the

J.

Kehl,

of the Florida Jane Provancha

1970.

The

California

,

H. L.

marine

Inof

mammals

in

phylogeny.

of

521

J.,W.

D. 1974.

VAIR.

tailed

deer.

pp.

528-589.

their

of

of and

the

USSR,

Program

for

Virginia,

Sci1968,

pp. TAYLOR,

JAPE

Strongyloidosis Journal

fauna ecology

Sciences Israel

of the (ed).

Ridgway

Springfield,

as TT67-51202),

A checklist

helminth of

by

Translations,

FORRESTER,

S.

light

(Translated

entific

1972.

The

Academy

Moscow.

So-

In Mammals

Illinois, 1955.

californi-

215-222.

parasites. medicine,

S. L.

Parafi-

of

Helminthological

BROWNELL.

Springfield,

DELYAMURE,

Marine-

(Zalophus

the 37:

of marine mammal sea: Biology and

A.

Caldwell

Metastrongylidae)

lion

of

AND

C.

transmission

sea

Proceedings Washington

husbandry

M.

Laboratory,

(Nematoda:

of

and

K. and

11-15.

decorus

Thomas,

M.

pp.

D.

anus). ciety

numbers where

M.

laroides in

D. Research

Florida,

DAILEY,

Posterior of adult male Halocercus with developed spicules and charactergubernaculum. Bar = 150 Mm.

in disease

mammals,

Marineland

land, 1.

AND

,

symposium

of aquatic

FIGURE

C.

AND

in

of Wildlife

K. P. C.

captive

white-

Diseases

10:

11-

17.

C. C.,

GATES,

infection

(Ovis

W. M. Rocky

c. canadensis) Protostrongylus

worm Diseases HIBLER,

AND

of the

13:

H. E. LANGE. Protostrongylus life STROUD, death

Disease H.

K., of

Oregon FIGURE

lagenorhynchi =

75

Mm.

2.

Uterus with

of an developed

adult

female first-stage

Halocercus larvae.

of

Alberta spp.

METZGER,

1974. sp. in

Bighorn

10:

39-41.

with

Journal

infection

by

lung-

Wildlife

Sheep.

mammals Journal

Journal 1979. stranded

of

publication

Wildlife

26 March

AND

on

transplacental of WildCauses along Diseases

Bar

for

the of

91-97.

Received

Prenatal Sheep

T. H. SPRAKER, Further observations

T. J. H0FFE.

AND

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