Estrogen Concentration in Human Parotid and Submaxillary Saliva MICHAEL Z. MARDER, USHA JOSHI, and IRWIN D. MANDEL Divisions of Stomatology and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental and Oral Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032 J Dent Res 58(12):2370, December 1979 A recent study (Joshi et al., Clin Chim Acta 73:565, 1976) reported on the presence and fluctuation of estrogens in whole saliva during pregnancy. In this study, we examined the relationship of estrogen concentration in separately collected parotid and submaxillary saliva with plasma estrogen levels during the course of a human menstrual cycle. Samples were collected daily from two females, with no evidence of systemic disease, for the full course of a menstrual cycle. Ten ml of venous blood and 15 ml each of parotid and submaxillary saliva were separately collected by standardized techniques. Both plasma and saliva were analyzed for unconjugated estrogen content by radioimmuno assay (Ferin et al., J Clin Endo Met 38:231, 1974). A crude ether extract of 1 ml of blood and 10 ml of saliva, respectively, was required for quantitation of estrone and estradiol. Sensitivity of the assay was 5 picogram (pg) in face of negligible blanks and the coefficient of variation was 9-12%. The results demonstrate that unconjugated estrogens are present in both salivary secretions, but at a concentration of only 1-7% of plasma levels (see table). Overall comparison of salivary and plasma estrogen fluctuations correlated well at plasma estrogen levels higher than 1 OOPg/ml and salivary levels above 4Pg/ml (see Figure). This is consistent with the lack of sensitivity of the assay below SPg. While the total, unconjugated fraction of estrogen was measured directly in this study, others (Katz and Shannon, Acta Endocrin 46: 393, 1964; McVie et al., Pediat Res 13:755, 1979) have indicated that the presence of steroidal hormones in salivary secretions represent only the unbound or biologically -active fraction. Although protein bound and non-protein estrogens were not directly measured in our study, it is

probable that the estrogen measured in saliva was related to non-protein bound fraction of plasma. When compared to 19-36% for aldosterone (McVie, Ibid) and 28% of 17-hydroxycorticosteriods (Katz and Shannon, Ibid), it is apparent that the plasma-salivary ratio is different for different steroid hormones. The ratio will vary with the pKa of the hormone, and is dependent on the passive diffusion of the fraction of the unbound steroid which is un-ionized at the pH of saliva (McAuliffe et al., Neurology 27:409, 1977).

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TABLE RANGE AND MEAN VALUES OF UNCONJUGATED ESTROGENS

Subjects C.G. E.P.

Plasma 13-350 (108.4) 64-270 (123.9)

Picograms per Milliliter Parotid Saliva 1.12-9.54 (3.85) 0-4.13 (1.32)

Submaxillary Saliva .34-9.0 (4.03) .31-3.4 (1.66)

Received for publication August 24, 1978 Accepted for publication March 5, 1979 2370 Downloaded from jdr.sagepub.com at MOUNT ALLISON UNIV on June 15, 2015 For personal use only. No other uses without permission.

Estrogen concentration in human parotid and submaxillary saliva.

Estrogen Concentration in Human Parotid and Submaxillary Saliva MICHAEL Z. MARDER, USHA JOSHI, and IRWIN D. MANDEL Divisions of Stomatology and Preven...
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