4.87

Nebela tuberculata COMB.Nov.

3. Jung W. 1942. Siidchilenische Thekamoeben. Arch. Protistenk. 95, 253-356. 4. - 1942. Illustrierte Thekamoeben-Bestimmungstabellen. I. Die Systematik der Nebelinen. Arch. Protistenk. 95, 357-90.

5. Leidy J. 1897. Freshwater Rhizopods of North America. US. Geological Survey of the Territories. 12, 115.

6. Stepanek M. 1952. Testacea of the pond Hradek at Kunratice (Prague). Acta. Mur. Nat. Prag. 8, 3-55.

J. PROTOZOOL. 23 ( 4 ) , 487-488 ( 1976).

Eimerk tenggdingi sp. n. from the Scaly Anteater Manis javanica Desmarest in Malaysia* JAMES G. ELSE and FREDRICK C. COLLEYt Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and the G . W . Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, U.S.A.

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SYNOPSIS. Eimeria tenggilingi is described from the pangolin or scaly anteater, Manis javanica, in Malaysia. The spheroid to subspheroid oocysts average 18.9 X 17.8 pm. The oocyst wall is composed of 3 layers, each 0.6 pm thick. The 2 outer layers are striated and yellowish green. The inner layer is dark brown. One or 2 polar granules are present, but an oocyst residuum is absent. Ellipsoid sporocysts avemge 12.4 x 6.2 pm. A sporocyst residuum is present. This is the first Eimeria species reported from a host in the order Pholidota. Index Key Words: Eimeria tenggilingi sp. n.; scaly anteater; Manis javanica; oocyst, sporocyst.

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URING a survey of parasites of Malaysian mammals a pangolin or scaly anteater Manis javanica was trapped alive. This animal was heavily infected with a species of Eimeria whose sporulated oocyst is described here.

T y p e host.-Manis javanicu Desmarest. Primary forest, Ulu Jempol Valley, Negri Sembilan, Malaysia. Location in host.-Unknown. Oocysts found in feces. Remarks

MATERIALS AND METHODS Feces containing coccidial oocysts were crushed and placed in a thin layer of 2.5% (w/v) K,Cr20, solution in a petri dish. Oocysts were allowed to sporulate 1 week at room temperature (- 30 C ) and then stored at 4 C until examination. After sugar flotation, the sporulated oocysts were studied with a Leitz Ortholux microscope with apochromatic objectives and measured with an ocular micrometer. The composite drawing (Fig. 1 ) is based on freehand sketches and photomicrographs. All measurements are in micrometers ( p m ) , with means followed by ranges in parentheses.

Manis javanica is found in Burma, Thailand, the Indochinese region, the Philippines, and south to Sumatra, Java and Borneo. In Malaysia it can be found throughout the mainland, primarily in forests, but also in gardens and plantations. The diet of M . javanica consists of termites and ants (4). Since this animal is totally protected by law in Malaysia, after collecting feces for 5 consecutive days, we released the pangolin in the same forest area where it was originally trapped. T o our knowledge this is the first Eimeria species reported from the order Pholidota (5, 6 ) . The closest relatives of scaly anteaters are the armadillos and hairy anteaters (order Edenm a ) of North and S w t h Gmerica. Aside from having no Stieda

DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNTS AND DISCUSSION

Eimeria t e n g g i l i n g i sp. n. (Figs. 1, 2 ) Diagnosis.-Oocysts spheroid to subspheroid; sporulated oocysts, 18.9 (16-22) X 17.8 (14-20) (n = 5 0 ) ; L / W ratio 1.06 (1.0-1.2); wall 2 thick (verified in crushed oocysts), moderately rough with the 2 outer layers markedly striated, yellowish green, and inner layer dark, yellowish brown; micropyle absent; sporulated oocysts with 1, occasionally 2, polar granules, without residuum. S p o r o c y s t s ellipsoid, asymmetrical (flattened on one side) 12.4 (10-14) X 6.2 (5-7) (n = 30); L / W ratio 2 (1.6-2.5); no Stieda body; residuum composed of compact, coarse granules; sporozoites comma-shaped, lying “head to tail” in sporocysts, with clear globules at each end.

* Thie investigation was supported by research grant A1 10051, from NIAID, U. S. Public Health Service, awarded to the Department of International Health, School of Medicine (UC ICMR, Hooper Foundation), University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, U.S.A. t Requests for reprints should be addressed to the G. W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, U.S.A.

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Figs. 1, 2. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenggilingi sp. n. 1. Schematic diagram. 2. Photomicrograph. Note the outer ( 1 , 2 ) and inner ( 3 ) layers of the oocyst wall as well as the sporocyst, one of which is marked with the letter S. x 2,700.

488

Eimeria tenggilingi SP. N.

body, E. tenggilingi further differs from the three Eimeria spe- density of oocysts in the feces, which continued throughout the cies that have been described from armadillos as follows: from 5 days the animal was in captivity, might justify such a deEimeria travassosi Da Cunha & Muniz (2) in being much smaller scription. The name tenggilingi is derived from the Malay name for the and in having a greenish oocyst wall with 3 layers rather than a brown 2-layered wall; from Eimeria tatusi Carini ( 1 ) in being scaly anteater “Tenggiling.” smaller and having a greenish oocyst wall with 3 layers rather REFERENCES than a yellow wall with 1 layer; from E. cabassusi Carini ( 1 ) in having a greenish 3-layered wall rather than a colorless 21. Carini A. 1933. Sur deux nouvelles Eimeria recontrCes dans l’intestin d’un jeune tatou. Ann. Parasitol. 11, 469-71. layered wall and having 1-2 polar granules. 2. Cunha A Da, Muniz J. 1928. Sur un noveau Sporozoaire, Two coccidian oocysts were reported by Rastegaieff ( 7 ) parasite du Tatou. C . R . SOC.Biol. (Paris) 98, 624-7. from the giant anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla. Rastegaieff, 3. Hammond DM, ed. 1973. T h e Coccidia. University Park howwer, described only unsporulated oocysts; thus the genus Press, Baltimore. 4. Medway, Lord. 1969. The Wild Mammals of Malaya and was not identified. Since the order Pholidota is restricted to Africa and Asia, Offshore Islands Including Singapore. Oxford University Press, London. and because host specificity in Coccidia is usually rigid, partic-. 5. PellCrdy LP. 1965. Coccidia and Coccidiosis. AkadCmiai ularly in the genus Eimeria ( 3 ) , we feel that E. tenggilingi Kiad6 (Publishing House of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) should be considered a separate species. The protected-species Budapest. 6. . 1969. Katalog der Eimeriidea (Protozoa, Sporstatus of the host prevented us from trapping further specimens. ozoa) Supplementum 1. AkadCmiai Kiad6, Budapest. Although it is not usually acceptable to describe a new eimerian 7. Rastegaieff E. 1930. Zur Frage iiber Coccidien wilder species from a single animal, we feel that the extremely high Tiere. Arch. Protistenk. 71,377-404.

J. PROTOZOOL. 2 3 ( 4 ) , 488-490 (1976).

Toxoplasma ranae sp. n. from the Leopard Frog Rana pipiens Linnaeus* College

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NORMAN D. LEVINE and RICHARD R. NYE Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural Experiment Station and Department University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802 U.S.A.

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Zoology,

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SYNOPSIS. Toxoplasmtz ranae sp. n. is described from the brain of a leopard frog, Rana pipiens, probably from Mexico. Its pseudocysts were 72(55-106) X 48(29-70) pm in fixed sections. They contained an average of 4,000 slightly curved elongate zoites measuring 4-5 x 0.5 pm, with a central, spherical, vesicular nucleus. Index Key Words: Toxoplasma ranae sp. n.; Rana pipiens.

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N the course of a study of protozoan parasites of North

American frogs a number of organisms were seen in sections of the brain of a Rana pipiens which do not appear to have been reported before. Although our study was necessarily incomplete, it is nevertheless desirable to get our findings on record. MATERIALS AND METHODS The frogs used in this study were purchased from various commercial vendors in different parts of the United States. The leopard (grass) frog Rana Pipiens Linnaeus, in which the brain parasite was found was obtained from a vendor in Louisiana, but it probably actually came from Mexico and was R. pipiens berlandieri Baird. I t was one of a lot of 12 animals received in Urbana on 3 September 1975. Upon receipt, blood smears were made, and the animal was killed. Impression smears were made from various organs, and portions of brain, small intestine, lung, heart, spleen, liver, and kidney were fixed in 10% (v/v) formalin, sectioned at 5 pm, and stained with hernatoxylin and eosin, Feulgen, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). The smears and sections were examined in a Leitz Ortholw microscope equipped with apochromatic objectives. RESULTS The organism under discussion (Figs. 1, 2) was seen in only a single frog out of 137 R . pipiens, 12 Rana catesbeiana Shaw,

* This investigation was supported in part by Research Grant BMS-7 1-01294 A03. from the National Science Foundation.

10 Rana clamitans Latreille, 12 Rana palustris Le Conte, and 12 toads, Bufo man’nus Linnaeus, examined. This same frog had a few hemogregarines (to be discussed in a separate paper) in its erythrocytes, but no parasites were seen in its small intestine, lung, heart, liver or kidney. The frog appeared normal. The organisms were found in what seemed to be pseudocysts, mostly in the gray matter but also in the white matter, in the brain sections. These pseudocysts were ellipsoidal and wcrc apparently formed by the host’s cells, since in 2 out of 9, a large crescentic host cell nucleus was seen pressed against or within the wall a t one end. The pseudocysts were 72(55-106) X 48( 29-70) p m ( n = 9 ) in fiied sections, but in these sections the pseudocysts were cut at different levels, so the above figures cannot be taken as true sizes. T h e pseudocysts were thin-walled and not compartmented. The wall was usually less than 1 pm thick, but sometimes reached 2.2 p m in thickness. Sometimes a little fine, cobwebby material (precipitated fluid material?) was seen adjacent to the pseudocyst wall. Within each pseudocyst was a large number of slightly curved, 4-5 x 2 pm. One end (presumably discrete elongate zoites the anterior one) seemed to be more pointed than the other. The zoites had a distinct outer wall and a central, spherical 1 pm in diameter. Only the periphery of vesicular nucleus the nucleus stained with Feulgen. Material anterior to the nucleus stained reddish with PAS, indicating that it was glycogenous. T h e zoites lay loose in the pseudocyst, seldom touching each other, and in no particular order. There was no pseudocyst residuum. No evidence of schizogony o r fission was

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Eimeria tenggilingi sp. n. from the scaly anteater Manis javanica Desmarest in Malaysia.

Eimeria tenggilingi is described from the pangolin or scaly anteater, Manis javanica, in Malaysia. The spheroid to subspheroid oocysts average 18.9 X ...
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