IJSM/4212/6.11.2014/MPS
Physiology & Biochemistry
Effects of Walking with Blood Flow Restriction on Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Authors
G. V. Mendonca1, J. R. Vaz1, P. Pezarat-Correia2, B. Fernhall3
Affiliations
1
Key words ▶ vascular occlusion ● ▶ exercise ● ▶ recovery ● ▶ oxygen uptake ●
Abstract
Laboratory of Motor Behavior, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Laboratory of Motor Behavior, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal 3 Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
▼
This study determined the influence of walking with blood flow restriction (BFR) on the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of healthy young men. 17 healthy young men (22.1 ± 2.9 years) performed graded treadmill exercise to assess VO2peak. In a randomized fashion, each participant performed 5 sets of 3-min treadmill exercise at their optimal walking speed with 1-min interval either with or without BFR. Participants were then seated in a chair and remained there for 30 min of recovery. Expired gases were continuously monitored during exercise and recovery. BFR increased the O2 cost of
Introduction
▼
accepted after revision September 10, 2014 Bibliography DOI http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1055/s-0034-1395508 Published online: 2015 Int J Sports Med © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York ISSN 0172-4622 Correspondence Goncalo V. Mendonca Laboratory of Motor Behavior Faculdade de Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa Portugal 1495-688 Tel.: + 351/93/3206 691 Fax: + 351/21/4149 236 [email protected]
Muscular blood flow restriction (BFR) during exercise involves the application of pressurized cuffs to the proximal portion of each lower or upper extremity [28, 51]. There is compelling evidence that resistance training with BFR results in enhanced muscular strength, hypertrophy and localized endurance [23, 33]. Interestingly, when combined with BFR, an intensity as low as walking can induce small but significant improvements in muscle size and strength [2]. Improvements of ~10 % in maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) have additionally been reported after a few weeks (2–10 wks) of walking training with BFR in young and older adults [39, 40]. Recently, BFR was shown to increase the O2 cost of walking on a treadmill flat surface compared to that seen without BFR [36]. Therefore, BFR impacts treadmill locomotion by means of decreased walking economy and increased relative intensity. A number of biomechanical and physiological factors likely affect the VO2 response to submaximal walking with BFR. Even though this has never been explored, walking
walking as well as its relative intensity and cumulative O2 deficit (p
Physiology & Biochemistry
Effects of Walking with Blood Flow Restriction on Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption
Authors
G. V. Mendonca1, J. R. Vaz1, P. Pezarat-Correia2, B. Fernhall3
Affiliations
1
Key words ▶ vascular occlusion ● ▶ exercise ● ▶ recovery ● ▶ oxygen uptake ●
Abstract
Laboratory of Motor Behavior, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Laboratory of Motor Behavior, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal 3 Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
▼
This study determined the influence of walking with blood flow restriction (BFR) on the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of healthy young men. 17 healthy young men (22.1 ± 2.9 years) performed graded treadmill exercise to assess VO2peak. In a randomized fashion, each participant performed 5 sets of 3-min treadmill exercise at their optimal walking speed with 1-min interval either with or without BFR. Participants were then seated in a chair and remained there for 30 min of recovery. Expired gases were continuously monitored during exercise and recovery. BFR increased the O2 cost of
Introduction
▼
accepted after revision September 10, 2014 Bibliography DOI http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1055/s-0034-1395508 Published online: 2015 Int J Sports Med © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York ISSN 0172-4622 Correspondence Goncalo V. Mendonca Laboratory of Motor Behavior Faculdade de Motricidade Humana Universidade de Lisboa Portugal 1495-688 Tel.: + 351/93/3206 691 Fax: + 351/21/4149 236 [email protected]
Muscular blood flow restriction (BFR) during exercise involves the application of pressurized cuffs to the proximal portion of each lower or upper extremity [28, 51]. There is compelling evidence that resistance training with BFR results in enhanced muscular strength, hypertrophy and localized endurance [23, 33]. Interestingly, when combined with BFR, an intensity as low as walking can induce small but significant improvements in muscle size and strength [2]. Improvements of ~10 % in maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) have additionally been reported after a few weeks (2–10 wks) of walking training with BFR in young and older adults [39, 40]. Recently, BFR was shown to increase the O2 cost of walking on a treadmill flat surface compared to that seen without BFR [36]. Therefore, BFR impacts treadmill locomotion by means of decreased walking economy and increased relative intensity. A number of biomechanical and physiological factors likely affect the VO2 response to submaximal walking with BFR. Even though this has never been explored, walking
walking as well as its relative intensity and cumulative O2 deficit (p
