Clin Kidney J (2012) 5: 375–376 Advance Access publication 28 May 2012

From the Clinic Effects of intermittent and continuous resistance training on proteinuria and hematuria in trained young women

Conflict of interest statement. None declared.

Table 1. Urinary protein levels of participants at different stagesa Parameters

Total protein (mg/day)

Albumin (mg/day)

b2 microglobulin (mg/day)

Urinary Protein/Creatinine

Sampling stages

Group A

Group B

Pre-training1 Post-training10 Post-training11 Pre-training2 Post-training20 Post-training21 Pre-training1 Post-training10 Post-training11 Pre-training2 Post-training20 Post-training21 Pre-training1 Post-training10 Post-training11 Pre-training2 Post-training20 Post-training21 Pre-training1 Post-training10 Post-training11 Pre-training2 Post-training20 Post-training21

134.2 6 0.382 156.4 6 0.618 205.5 6 0.708 220.7 6 0.728 248.5 6 0.696 259.2 6 0.695 83.571 6 22.977 102.14 6 24.538 122.43 6 41.923 135.57 6 41.035 141.14 6 35.802 170.43 6 38.100 0.584 6 0.083 0.764 6 0.104 1.008 6 0.304 1.311 6 0.275 1.482 6 0.290 1.657 6 0.290 0.444 6 0.122 0.484 6 0.206 0.563 6 0.201 0.571 6 0.189 0.614 6 0.173 0.613 6 0.171

114.2 6 0.207 174.2 6 0.299 254.2 6 1.168 259.4 6 0.918 294.4 6 1.390 325.7 6 1.710 66 6 20.363 84.142 6 16.787 110.71 6 21.899 128.29 6 21.187 151.71 6 21.731 178.29 6 23.956 0.597 6 0.224 0.817 6 0.187 1.058 6 0.287 1.315 6 0.306 1.550 6 0.412 1.658 6 0.354 0.371 6 0.069 0.513 6 0.087 0.676 6 0.353 0.641 6 0.239 0.674 6 0.294 0.703 6 0.321

a

Values are mean 6 SD.

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Group C 123.4 6 0.316 145.4 6 0.382 59.428 6 8.847 74.142 6 11.838 0.598 6 0.084 0.81 6 0.153 0.418 6 0.112 0.446 6 0.124

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Following the study of the effects of endurance training on proteinuria and hematuria in untrained young females [1], we conducted an investigation surrounding the effects of resistive training (RT) on proteinuria and hematuria in 36 trained (regular practice during prior 2 years) healthy women. All participants were aged 20–25 years (22.19  1.81) with an average body mass index of 21.8  1.51 kg/m2 and VO2max of 38.4  1.54 mL/kg/min. The participants were randomly assigned to Group A (intermittent RT), Group B (continuous RT) and control Group C (each, n ¼ 12). Two days before the RT program, the participants of Groups A and B met in a training session with the intensity of 20% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), while urine samples were obtained at pre-training1 and post-training1 (0 and 1 h) stages. A1RM is the maximum weight that can be lifted at one time with proper technique and was calculated for each movement in each trainee. The participants performed the training protocol (3 days/week) during 8 weeks with an increasing intensity rate of 5% of 1RM per week from 20 to 55%. Each session consisted of two circuits including seven 2.5-min movements consisting of attempts against compression on different organs (chest, arm and leg) and lateral stretching. There were 2- and 1-min resting intervals between two circuits and two movements, respectively.

Indeed, the total time for each session was 65 min which included a 10-min light warming up, RT protocol for 47 min and a cool-down exercise for 5–10 min. Group B performed each movement with a constant speed (V ¼ one attempt per 2.5 s), continuously. Group A was asked to do each movement at a different speed (2V for 10 and ½V for 20 s), intermittently. The speed of movements was controlled by a metronome. Two days after termination of training workouts, following an effort of 20% of 1RM, similar urine samples were collected as pre-training2 and post-training2 stages. Table 1 shows urinary protein levels at different stages. A significant increase in all urinary protein levels (mixed type, predominantly albuminuria) was observed compared to basal levels, particularly following the RT program (P ¼ 0.02, 0.001 and 0.002 for total protein, albumin and b2 microglobulin, respectively), without any significant difference between the two experimental groups (all P > 0.05). No microscopic hematuria was detected in urine samples (all in luteal phase). It seems that different types of physical training (resistive, endurance, continuous or intermittent) have no preference over each other with regards to urinary protein loss [1], however, some studies oppose this finding [2]. In addition, physical training may have a protective effect against exercise-induced hematuria in untrained and trained females. Undoubtedly, further research regarding this issue are needed.

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S. Sanavi et al. 1

Suzan Sanavi Clinical Department, University of Social Welfare Mohammad-Ali Kohanpour2 & Rehabilitation Sciences, Malihe Kohanpour3 Tehran, Iran, 2 Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran and 3 Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran E-mail: [email protected]

References 1. Mousavi M, Sanavi S, Afshar R. Effects of continuous and intermittent trainings on exercise-induced hematuria and proteinuria in untrained adult females. NDT Plus 2011; 4: 217–222 2. Montelpare WJ, Klentrou P, Thoden J. Continuous versus intermittent exercise effects on urinary excretion of albumin and total protein. J Sci Med Sport 2002; 5: 219–228

doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfs034

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Effects of intermittent and continuous resistance training on proteinuria and hematuria in trained young women.

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