Virus Research 186 (2014) 1–2
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Virus Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/virusres
Editorial
Ecology, evolution and control of plant viruses and their vectors
This Special Issue of Virus Research contains seventeen papers originating from presentations made at the 12th International Plant Virus Epidemiology Symposium held at Arusha, Tanzania, 28 January–1 February 2013. The symposium theme was “Ecology, evolution and control of plant viruses”. Organized jointly by the International Committee on Plant Virus Epidemiology (ICPVE) of the International Society of Plant Pathology (ISPP) and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), the Symposium marked a special milestone in ICPVE’s history as it was the first to be held in Africa. The main symposium organizer was Dr. Lava Kumar from IITA. The symposium was attended by close to 150 participants from six continents. It received additional support from the Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute (MARI, Tanzania), the National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO, Uganda), the West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development (CORAF/WECARD), Biodiversity International, and the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center). It was sponsored by several groups and private companies including the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), CORAF/WECARD, the Plant Virus Ecology Network (PVEN), the USAID-funded IPM-CRSP and Africa RISING projects, Agdia-Biofords, BASF, and Inqaba Biotec. The ICPVE began as an initiative of Professor Mike Thresh (formerly Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, UK) with the aim of promoting research and exchange of information on the epidemiology and management of plant virus diseases. This led, in 1981, to the first ICPVE Symposium which was held in Oxford, UK. At 2–4 year intervals since then, the ICPVE has held 11 further major International Symposia in different parts of the world: Corowa, Australia 1983; Orlando, USA 1986; Montpellier, France 1989; Bari, Italy 1992; Jerusalem, Israel 1995; Almeria, Spain 1999; Aschersleben, Germany 2002; Lima, Peru 2005; Hyderabad, India 2007; Ithaca, USA 2010; followed by the successful Symposium in Tanzania in 2013. The next meeting is scheduled for Avignon, France in 2016. The twelve ICPVE Symposia have led to many publications including two books and five Special Issues of Virus Research, this being the latest. The contributions to this issue cover a diverse range of topics on ecology, evolution, and control of plant viruses and their vectors and originate from research conducted in six continents illustrating the broad geographical coverage of ICPVE. We present the readers a review paper by Jones on trends in plant virus epidemiology and opportunities created by recent
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2014.04.001 0168-1702/© 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.
technological advances to enhance our understanding of how plant virus epidemics develop and how to manage them. Methods in plant virus diagnostics ranging from serological to next generation sequencing technologies are summarized and compared by Boonham et al. Several papers cover important aspects of the biology and behavior of insect vectors of plant viruses. Legg et al. describe the spatio-temporal patterns of genetic change amongst Bemisia tabaci populations that drive cassava virus disease epidemics throughout East and Central Africa. Using Potato leafroll virus and its Myzus persicae vector as a model system, Rajabaskar et al. demonstrate that the preference by a virus vector for virus-infected plants is reversed after acquisition of the virus, with potential for enhancement of virus spread. Similarly, Carmo-Sousa and colleagues present evidence on how Cucumber mosaic virus-infected plants modify the behavior of the vector Aphis gossypii, in a manner that facilitates virus spread. Other papers on virus vectors include a review by Ghanim on aspects related to the the transmission efficiency of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus by B. tabaci, and Verbeek and colleagues’ contribution on the modes and mechanisms of torradovirus transmission by their three whitefly vector species. Carvajal et al. discuss their efforts to unravel the complex of viruses affecting cassava in Colombia; Seal and colleagues discuss the prevalence of badnaviruses in yams in West Africa; and Kenyon et al. showcase the emergence and diversity of begomoviruses infecting solanaceous crops in Southeast Asia. Highlighting the importance of future climate change on virus ecology and epidemiology, Nancarrow et al. discuss the effects of elevated temperature on Barley yellow dwarf virus multiplication and symptoms in wheat. Additional papers on virus epidemiology and ecology include an overview on the molecular epidemiology of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in cucurbits and alternative reservoir host plants in France by Lecoq et al., and one discussing the epidemiology of criniviruses in Greece by Orfanidou and colleagues. Papers on virus evolution include a contribution by Briddon et al. on the impact of genetic changes to the begomovirus/betasatellite complex that causes cotton leaf curl disease in South Asia, and a paper by Caruana and colleagues on the evolution of Banana streak virus in banana. Illustrating the continuous importance of host plant resistance for the control of plant viruses, Rabbi and colleagues present their research efforts to map the resistance to cassava mosaic geminiviruses in cassava, and Gibson et al. present evidence on the ability of sweet potato cultivars in East Africa to revert from Sweet potato feathery mottle virus infection.
2
Editorial / Virus Research 186 (2014) 1–2
The editors are grateful for the assistance provided by Preetha Baskaran, Alina Helsloot, and Dr. Luis Enjuanes from Elsevier and Virus Research and by anonymous reviewers. N.A. Bosque-Pérez ∗ J.M. Thresh R.A.C. Jones U. Melcher A. Fereres P.L. Kumar S.M. Gray H. Lecoq
∗ Corresponding
author. Tel.: +1 208 885 7544; fax: +1 208 885 7760. E-mail address: [email protected] (N.A. Bosque-Pérez) University of Idaho, Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, Moscow, ID 83844-2339, USA
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Virus Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/virusres
Editorial
Ecology, evolution and control of plant viruses and their vectors
This Special Issue of Virus Research contains seventeen papers originating from presentations made at the 12th International Plant Virus Epidemiology Symposium held at Arusha, Tanzania, 28 January–1 February 2013. The symposium theme was “Ecology, evolution and control of plant viruses”. Organized jointly by the International Committee on Plant Virus Epidemiology (ICPVE) of the International Society of Plant Pathology (ISPP) and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), the Symposium marked a special milestone in ICPVE’s history as it was the first to be held in Africa. The main symposium organizer was Dr. Lava Kumar from IITA. The symposium was attended by close to 150 participants from six continents. It received additional support from the Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute (MARI, Tanzania), the National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO, Uganda), the West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development (CORAF/WECARD), Biodiversity International, and the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center). It was sponsored by several groups and private companies including the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), CORAF/WECARD, the Plant Virus Ecology Network (PVEN), the USAID-funded IPM-CRSP and Africa RISING projects, Agdia-Biofords, BASF, and Inqaba Biotec. The ICPVE began as an initiative of Professor Mike Thresh (formerly Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, UK) with the aim of promoting research and exchange of information on the epidemiology and management of plant virus diseases. This led, in 1981, to the first ICPVE Symposium which was held in Oxford, UK. At 2–4 year intervals since then, the ICPVE has held 11 further major International Symposia in different parts of the world: Corowa, Australia 1983; Orlando, USA 1986; Montpellier, France 1989; Bari, Italy 1992; Jerusalem, Israel 1995; Almeria, Spain 1999; Aschersleben, Germany 2002; Lima, Peru 2005; Hyderabad, India 2007; Ithaca, USA 2010; followed by the successful Symposium in Tanzania in 2013. The next meeting is scheduled for Avignon, France in 2016. The twelve ICPVE Symposia have led to many publications including two books and five Special Issues of Virus Research, this being the latest. The contributions to this issue cover a diverse range of topics on ecology, evolution, and control of plant viruses and their vectors and originate from research conducted in six continents illustrating the broad geographical coverage of ICPVE. We present the readers a review paper by Jones on trends in plant virus epidemiology and opportunities created by recent
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2014.04.001 0168-1702/© 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.
technological advances to enhance our understanding of how plant virus epidemics develop and how to manage them. Methods in plant virus diagnostics ranging from serological to next generation sequencing technologies are summarized and compared by Boonham et al. Several papers cover important aspects of the biology and behavior of insect vectors of plant viruses. Legg et al. describe the spatio-temporal patterns of genetic change amongst Bemisia tabaci populations that drive cassava virus disease epidemics throughout East and Central Africa. Using Potato leafroll virus and its Myzus persicae vector as a model system, Rajabaskar et al. demonstrate that the preference by a virus vector for virus-infected plants is reversed after acquisition of the virus, with potential for enhancement of virus spread. Similarly, Carmo-Sousa and colleagues present evidence on how Cucumber mosaic virus-infected plants modify the behavior of the vector Aphis gossypii, in a manner that facilitates virus spread. Other papers on virus vectors include a review by Ghanim on aspects related to the the transmission efficiency of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus by B. tabaci, and Verbeek and colleagues’ contribution on the modes and mechanisms of torradovirus transmission by their three whitefly vector species. Carvajal et al. discuss their efforts to unravel the complex of viruses affecting cassava in Colombia; Seal and colleagues discuss the prevalence of badnaviruses in yams in West Africa; and Kenyon et al. showcase the emergence and diversity of begomoviruses infecting solanaceous crops in Southeast Asia. Highlighting the importance of future climate change on virus ecology and epidemiology, Nancarrow et al. discuss the effects of elevated temperature on Barley yellow dwarf virus multiplication and symptoms in wheat. Additional papers on virus epidemiology and ecology include an overview on the molecular epidemiology of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in cucurbits and alternative reservoir host plants in France by Lecoq et al., and one discussing the epidemiology of criniviruses in Greece by Orfanidou and colleagues. Papers on virus evolution include a contribution by Briddon et al. on the impact of genetic changes to the begomovirus/betasatellite complex that causes cotton leaf curl disease in South Asia, and a paper by Caruana and colleagues on the evolution of Banana streak virus in banana. Illustrating the continuous importance of host plant resistance for the control of plant viruses, Rabbi and colleagues present their research efforts to map the resistance to cassava mosaic geminiviruses in cassava, and Gibson et al. present evidence on the ability of sweet potato cultivars in East Africa to revert from Sweet potato feathery mottle virus infection.
2
Editorial / Virus Research 186 (2014) 1–2
The editors are grateful for the assistance provided by Preetha Baskaran, Alina Helsloot, and Dr. Luis Enjuanes from Elsevier and Virus Research and by anonymous reviewers. N.A. Bosque-Pérez ∗ J.M. Thresh R.A.C. Jones U. Melcher A. Fereres P.L. Kumar S.M. Gray H. Lecoq
∗ Corresponding
author. Tel.: +1 208 885 7544; fax: +1 208 885 7760. E-mail address: [email protected] (N.A. Bosque-Pérez) University of Idaho, Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, Moscow, ID 83844-2339, USA
