E X T R A

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 2016;6:194–204 DOI: 10.1159/000445870 Published online: May 26, 2016

© 2016 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel 1664–5464/16/0062–0194$39.50/0 www.karger.com/dee

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND) (http://www.karger.com/Services/OpenAccessLicense). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes as well as any distribution of modified material requires written permission.

Original Research Article

Vestibular Impairment in Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome Kiyotaka Nakamagoe a Kotarou Kadono a Tadachika Koganezawa b Mao Takiguchi a Makoto Terada a Fumiko Yamamoto a Tetsuya Moriyama a Kumi Yanagiha a Seitaro Nohara a Naoki Tozaka a Zenshi Miyake a Satoshi Aizawa a Kentaro Furusho c Akira Tamaoka a a Department

of Neurology, Division of Clinical Medicine, and b Department of Physiology, Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, and c Department of Neurology, Ryugasaki Saiseikai Hospital, Ryugasaki, Japan

Key Words Frontotemporal dementia · Vestibular function · Frontotemporal lobar degeneration · Visual suppression · Vestibular stimulation · Frontal eye field · Inferior parietal lobule · Caloric test Abstract Background: No studies to date have attempted to evaluate frontotemporal lobar degeneration from the perspective of the vestibular system. Objective: The present study examined vestibular function in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) clinical syndrome and evaluated whether vestibular disorders are involved in the clinical symptoms due to FTD. Methods: Fourteen patients with FTD syndrome, as well as healthy elderly controls without dementia, were included in the present study. All subjects underwent vestibular function tests using electronystagmography, such as caloric tests and visual suppression (VS) tests, in which the induced caloric nystagmus was suppressed by visual stimuli. The association between clinical symptoms and vestibular function in the FTD syndrome group was further examined. Results: In the FTD syndrome group, caloric nystagmus was not necessarily suppressed during VS tests. Furthermore, VS was observed to be significantly impaired in FTD syndrome patients with gait disturbance as compared to those without such disturbance. Conclusion: The present study revealed that impairment of VS in patients with FTD results in an inability to regulate vestibular function by means of visual perception, regardless of multiple presumed neuropathological backgrounds. This could also be associated with gait disturbance in patients with FTD syndrome. © 2016 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel

Kiyotaka Nakamagoe University of Tsukuba Tennodai 1-1-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 (Japan) E-Mail nakamagoek @ md.tsukuba.ac.jp

E X T R A

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 2016;6:194–204 DOI: 10.1159/000445870

© 2016 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel www.karger.com/dee

Nakamagoe et al.: Vestibular Impairment in Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome

Introduction

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E X T R A

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 2016;6:194–204 DOI: 10.1159/000445870

© 2016 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel www.karger.com/dee

Nakamagoe et al.: Vestibular Impairment in Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome

Subjects and Methods

Subjects   Š‡ •–—†› •—„Œ‡…–• ™‡”‡ ͳͶ  •›†”‘‡ ’ƒ–‹‡–• ȋ͸ ‡ǡ ͺ ™‘‡ǡ ƒ‰‡ ͸͹Ǥͻ ά ͷǤ͹ ›‡ƒ”•ȌǤƒ–‹‡–•‹–Š‡ ‰”‘—’™‡”‡†‹ƒ‰‘•‡†‹ƒ……‘”†ƒ…‡™‹–Š–Š‡—†Ǧƒ…Š‡•–‡” …”‹–‡”‹ƒȏʹ͵ȐǤ   Š‡ ‰”‘—’™ƒ•…‘’ƒ”‡†–‘ƒ…‘–”‘Ž‰”‘—’…‘’”‹•‹‰ͳͶ‡Ž†‡”Ž›’‡‘’Ž‡™‹–Š‘—– †‡‡–‹ƒȋ͸‡ǡͺ™‘‡ǡƒ‰‡͸ͻǤʹάʹǤͺ›‡ƒ”•ȌǤ ‡ƒŽ–Š›˜‘Ž—–ƒ”›•—„Œ‡…–•™‡”‡”‡…”—‹–‡† ƒ†‰‹˜‡ƒ‹–‡”˜‹‡™ƒ†ƒ‡†‹…ƒŽ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘Ǣ–Š‡…‘–”‘Ž‰”‘—’™ƒ•ˆ‘”‡†ˆ”‘–Š‘•‡ ™Š‘•…‘”‡†ʹͶ‘”Š‹‰Š‡”‘–Š‡‹‹Ǧ‡–ƒŽ–ƒ–‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ȋȌȏʹͶȐǤŠ‡…‘–”‘Ž •—„Œ‡…–• ™‡”‡ ‡šƒ‹‡† ‡—”‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽŽ› –‘ …‘ˆ‹” –Š‡ ƒ„•‡…‡ ‘ˆ Ž‹„ —•…Ž‡ ™‡ƒ‡••ǡ ‡š–”ƒ’›”ƒ‹†ƒŽ •›’–‘•ǡ †‡‡’ •‡•‹„‹Ž‹–› †‹•–—”„ƒ…‡• ‘” ‘–Š‡” •‡•‘”› †‹•‘”†‡”•ǡ ƒ† …‡”‡„‡ŽŽƒ”ƒ–ƒš‹ƒ‘”‘–Š‡”‡—”‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽƒ„‘”ƒŽ‹–‹‡•Ǥ   ŽŽ •—„Œ‡…–• ™‡”‡ ‰‹˜‡ ‘–‘Žƒ”›‰‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ —„Œ‡…–• ™‹–Š †‹•‡ƒ•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘—–‡”‘”‹††Ž‡‡ƒ”™‡”‡‡š…Ž—†‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡•–—†›ǡƒ•™‡”‡•—„Œ‡…–•™Š‘™‡”‡–ƒ‹‰†”—‰• –Šƒ–‹ˆŽ—‡…‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”ˆ—…–‹‘Ǥ ˆ‘”‡†…‘•‡–™ƒ•‘„–ƒ‹‡†ˆ”‘ƒŽŽ•—„Œ‡…–•‹ƒ……‘”Ǧ †ƒ…‡™‹–Š–Š‡”—Ž‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‡–Š‹…•…‘‹––‡‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ•——„ƒ ‘•’‹–ƒŽǤ   Š‡”‡™ƒ•‘•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡‹‡ƒƒ‰‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ ‰”‘—’ƒ†–Š‡…‘–”‘Ž ‰”‘—’ȋ’αͲǤͶ͵ǡƒǦŠ‹–‡›–‡•–ȌǤ Evaluation of Clinical Symptoms   Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰…Ž‹‹…ƒŽ•›’–‘•™‡”‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†„›‡—”‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ǣȋͳȌˆ”‘–ƒŽ Ž‘„‡ ƒ‹ˆ‡•–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ ȋʹȌ —’™ƒ”† ‘” †‘™™ƒ”† ‰ƒœ‡ ’ƒŽ•›ǡ ȋ͵Ȍ ‘–‘” ‡—”‘ †‹•‘”†‡”ǡ ȋͶȌ …‡”‡„‡ŽŽƒ”ƒ–ƒš‹ƒǡȋͷȌ’ƒ”‹•‘‹•ǡȋ͸Ȍ‰ƒ‹–†‹•–—”„ƒ…‡ȋͳͲǦ‡–‡”‰ƒ‹–Ȍǡƒ†ȋ͹Ȍ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘ ™ƒŽ ȋͳǦ‡–‡” ‰ƒ‹–ȌǤ ‡ †‡ˆ‹‡† ‰ƒ‹– †‹•–—”„ƒ…‡ ȋͳͲǦ‡–‡” ‰ƒ‹–Ȍ ƒ• –Š‡ ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘ ™ƒŽ …‘–‹—‘—•Ž›ˆ‘”ͳͲ‘”‘”‡—ƒ‹†‡†Ǥ‡†‡ˆ‹‡†‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘™ƒŽƒ•–Š‡‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘™ƒŽ …‘–‹—‘—•Ž›ˆ‘”ͳ‘”‘”‡—ƒ‹†‡†ǤŠ‡–‡•–•ˆ‘”‰ƒ‹–†‹•–—”„ƒ…‡ƒ†‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘™ƒŽ ™‡”‡…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–ƒ……‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡ͳͲǦ‡–‡”™ƒŽ‹‰–‡•–ƒ†–Š‡ͳǦ‡–‡”™ƒŽ‹‰–‡•–ǡ”‡•’‡…Ǧ –‹˜‡Ž›Ǥ Equilibrium Function Test   Š‡ …ƒŽ‘”‹… –‡•– ‹• ƒ ‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡ –‡•– ‘ˆ ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ” ˆ—…–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ” •‡‹…‹”…—Žƒ” …ƒƒŽ•ƒ”‡•‡•‹–‹˜‡–‘ƒ……‡Ž‡”ƒ–‘”›•–‹—Žƒ–‹‘†—‡–‘”‘–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Š‡ƒ†ǡ™Š‹…Š…ƒ—•‡•ƒ ˆŽ‘™‹–Š‡‡†‘Ž›’ŠǤ…ƒŽ‘”‹…•–‹—Ž—•…ƒƒŽ•‘…ƒ—•‡ƒ…‘˜‡…–‹˜‡ˆŽ‘™‹–Š‡‡†‘Ž›’Š †—‡–‘ƒ†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡‹–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡Ǣ–Š‹••–‹—Žƒ–‡•–Š‡•‡•‘”›Šƒ‹”…‡ŽŽ•ǡ…ƒ—•‹‰›•–ƒ‰—•Ǥ Š‡…ƒŽ‘”‹…–‡•–‹•ƒ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”•–‹—Žƒ–‹‘–‡•–‹™Š‹…ŠƒˆŽ‘™‹–Š‡‡†‘Ž›’Š‹•’—”’‘•‡Ž› ’”‘˜‘‡†„›‹””‹‰ƒ–‹‰ƒ‹”‘”™ƒ–‡”ƒ–ƒ–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ˆ”‘–Šƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡„‘†›‹–‘–Š‡ ‡š–‡”ƒŽ ƒ—†‹–‘”› …ƒƒŽǤ Š‹• ‹†—…‡• ›•–ƒ‰—•ǡ ƒŽŽ‘™‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡ƒ…–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ” •›•–‡ǯ•‡—”ƒŽ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›•–‘„‡•‡‡Ǥ›•–ƒ‰—•‹†—…‡†‹–Š‹•™ƒ›‹•…ƒŽŽ‡†…ƒŽ‘”‹…›•Ǧ –ƒ‰—•ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡ –Š‡ •—’’”‡••‹‘ ‘ˆ …ƒŽ‘”‹… ›•–ƒ‰—• †—‡ –‘ ˜‹•—ƒŽ ˆ‹šƒ–‹‘ ‹• …ƒŽŽ‡† ˜‹•—ƒŽ •—’’”‡••‹‘Ǥ‹’ƒ‹”‡–‹•‘™–‘„‡…ƒ—•‡†„›†‹•‘”†‡”•‘–‘Ž›‘ˆ–Š‡…‡”‡„‡ŽŽ— ƒ†„”ƒ‹•–‡ǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘‘ˆ–Š‡…‡”‡„”ƒŽ…‘”–‡šȏʹͷȂʹ͹ȐǤŠ‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ‹•‡ƒ•—”‡†ƒ•ƒ‡“—‹Ǧ Ž‹„”‹—ˆ—…–‹‘–‡•–ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•Š‡Ž’ˆ—Ž‹†‹ƒ‰‘•‹‰…‡–”ƒŽ‡”˜‘—••›•–‡†‹•‘”†‡”•Ǥ   ›‡‘˜‡‡–™ƒ•”‡…‘”†‡†„›ƒ––ƒ…Š‹‰‡Ž‡…–”‘†‡•‹Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽƒ†˜‡”–‹…ƒŽ†‹”‡…–‹‘• –‘ –Š‡ ‡›‡Ž‹†Ǥ Š‡ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ ™ƒ˜‡ˆ‘” ȋ–‹‡ …‘•–ƒ– α ͵ •Ȍ ƒ† ˜‡Ž‘…‹–› ™ƒ˜‡ˆ‘” ȋ–‹‡ …‘•–ƒ–αͲǤͲ͵•Ȍ‘ˆ‡›‡‘˜‡‡–•‹‡ƒ…Š†‹”‡…–‹‘™‡”‡”‡…‘”†‡†—•‹‰ƒ‡Ž‡…–”‘›•–ƒ‰Ǧ ‘‰”ƒ’Š ƒ† ƒ †ƒ–ƒ …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ ƒ† ƒƒŽ›•‹• †‡˜‹…‡ ™‹–Š ƒ •ƒ’Ž‹‰ ˆ”‡“—‡…› ‘ˆ ͳ  œ ȋ‘™‡”ƒ„Ǣ •–”—‡–•–›Ǥ–†Ǥǡƒ•–Ž‡ ‹ŽŽǡ—•–”ƒŽ‹ƒȌǤ   Š‡…ƒŽ‘”‹…–‡•–™ƒ•…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–™‹–Š–Š‡•—„Œ‡…–‹–Š‡•—’‹‡’‘•‹–‹‘™‹–Š–Š‡Š‡ƒ† ”ƒ‹•‡†͵Ͳ郐†™‡ƒ”‹‰‰‘‰‰Ž‡•ˆ‹––‡†™‹–Šƒ‹ˆ”ƒ”‡†…ƒ‡”ƒȋ ‹”•–ǡ‘›‘ǡ ƒ’ƒȌǤ—”‹‰

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Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 2016;6:194–204 DOI: 10.1159/000445870

© 2016 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel www.karger.com/dee

Nakamagoe et al.: Vestibular Impairment in Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome

–Š‡–‡•–ǡ–Š‡‘’‡‘”•Š—–•–ƒ–—•‘ˆ–Š‡‡›‡•™ƒ•‘‹–‘”‡†˜‹•—ƒŽŽ›ǡƒ†–Š‡‡Ž‡…–”‘›•–ƒ‰Ǧ ‘‰”ƒ™ƒ•”‡…‘”†‡†ǤŠ‡…ƒŽ‘”‹…•–‹—Ž—•–‘‹†—…‡›•–ƒ‰—•™ƒ•†‡Ž‹˜‡”‡†„›‹””‹‰ƒ–‹‰ ™‹–Š…‘‘Žƒ‹”ƒ–ʹͶι ˆ‘”ͳ‹ˆ”‘–Š‡‡š–‡”ƒŽƒ—†‹–‘”›…ƒƒŽ–‘–Š‡‡ƒ”†”—ǡ—•‹‰ƒƒ‹” …ƒŽ‘”‹…†‡˜‹…‡ȋ ‹”•–ȌǤ ‘”–›•‡…‘†•ƒˆ–‡”–Š‡‡†‘ˆ–Š‡•–‹—Ž—•ǡ–Š‡–‡•–™ƒ•…ƒ””‹‡†‘—– ™‹–Š˜‹•—ƒŽˆ‹šƒ–‹‘„›‰ƒœ‹‰ƒ–ƒ–ƒ”‰‡–ˆ‘”ͳͲ•ǤŠ‡›•–ƒ‰—•‹†—…‡†™ƒ•ƒƒŽ›œ‡†ǡƒ† –Š‡’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•‘ˆˆ”‡“—‡…›ǡƒ’Ž‹–—†‡ȋ•Ž‘™ƒ†“—‹…’Šƒ•‡Ȍǡƒ†‡ƒ˜‡Ž‘…‹–›ȋ•Ž‘™ƒ† “—‹…’Šƒ•‡Ȍ™‡”‡‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡†Ǥ‡ƒ˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆ‡ƒ…Š’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”™‡”‡…ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‡†ˆ‘”–Š‡ͳͲ• „‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡–‡•–ƒ†–Š‡ͳͲ•†—”‹‰–Š‡–‡•–Ǣ–Š‡•‡™‡”‡•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†‹–‘„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡–‡•– ƒ††—”‹‰–Š‡–‡•–ˆ‘”ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ   Š‡•—’’”‡••‹‘”ƒ–‡ȋȌ‘ˆ•Ž‘™Ǧ’Šƒ•‡˜‡Ž‘…‹–›†—”‹‰–Š‡–‡•–™ƒ•‡š’”‡••‡†ƒ•ƒ ’‡”…‡–ƒ‰‡—•‹‰–Š‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‡“—ƒ–‹‘ǣαͳͲͲέȋ„Ȃ†ȌȀȋ„Ȍǡ™Š‡”‡„‹• –Š‡•Ž‘™Ǧ’Šƒ•‡˜‡Ž‘…‹–›„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡–‡•–ƒ††‹•–Š‡•Ž‘™Ǧ’Šƒ•‡˜‡Ž‘…‹–›†—”‹‰–Š‡ –‡•–ǤŠ‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ…Š•—„Œ‡…–™ƒ•…ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‡†—•‹‰–Š‹•‡“—ƒ–‹‘Ǣ–Š‡‡ƒ˜ƒŽ—‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ…Š ‰”‘—’™ƒ••—„•‡“—‡–Ž›…ƒŽ…—Žƒ–‡†Ǥ   Š‡˜‡Ž‘…‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡•Ž‘™’Šƒ•‡‹•‘”ƒŽŽ›Ž‘™‡”†—”‹‰–Š‡–‡•––Šƒ„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡ –‡•–ǤŠ‡‹•—•—ƒŽŽ›ƒ’‘•‹–‹˜‡˜ƒŽ—‡ǢŠ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ™Š‡”‡–Š‡•Ž‘™Ǧ’Šƒ•‡˜‡Ž‘…‹–›™ƒ•‰”‡ƒ–‡” †—”‹‰–Š‡–‡•––Šƒ„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡–‡•–ǡ”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰ƒ‹…”‡ƒ•‡‹…ƒŽ‘”‹…›•–ƒ‰—•ǡ–Š‡ ˜ƒŽ—‡™ƒ•‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡Ǥ 



Evaluation of Brain Lesions Using Cerebral Blood Flow Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Tests ͳʹ͵  Ǧ  •‹‰Ž‡Ǧ’Š‘–‘ ‡‹••‹‘ …‘’—–‡† –‘‘‰”ƒ’Š› ȋȌ „”ƒ‹ ‹ƒ‰‹‰ ™ƒ• …ƒ””‹‡†‘—––‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡…‡”‡„”ƒŽˆ—…–‹‘ƒ•ƒ†‹ƒ‰‘•–‹…ƒ‹†‹–Š‡ ‰”‘—’Ǥ‘‘‰”ƒ’Š‹… •–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽƒƒŽ›•‹•ȋ‹••’ͷȀ‹••’‘‘Ǣ‹Š‘‡†‹ǦŠ›•‹…•‘Ǥǡ–†Ǥǡ‘›‘ǡ ƒ’ƒȌ™ƒ•’‡”ˆ‘”‡† ‘–Š‡‹ƒ‰‡•ǡƒ†•…‘”‡‹ƒ‰‡•™‡”‡‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡†„›…‘’ƒ”‹‰–Š‡™‹–Š–Š‡‘”ƒŽ †ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ•——„ƒȏʹͺȐǤŠ‡†ƒ–ƒ„ƒ•‡‘ˆ–Š‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆ•——„ƒ…‘Ǧ ’”‹•‡•ʹ͵…ƒ•‡•ƒ‰‡†͸͸Ȃ͹ͻ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ•…‘”‡˰ʹ  ǤͲ™ƒ•Œ—†‰‡†–‘„‡ƒ•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡Ǥ   •–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽ‹ƒ‰‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆ–Š‡…‡”‡„”ƒŽ„Ž‘‘†ˆŽ‘™™ƒ•—•‡†–‘‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‡–Š‡ ”‡†—…–‹‘ ‹ „Ž‘‘† ˆŽ‘™ ‹ –Š‡ ˆ”‘–‘–‡’‘”ƒŽ Ž‘„‡•ǡ „—– ‘– –Š‡ …‡”‡„‡ŽŽ—ǡ ‹ –Š‡  •›†”‘‡‰”‘—’Ǥ Statistical Analysis   Š‡†ƒ–ƒ‘„–ƒ‹‡†™‡”‡–‡•–‡†•–ƒ–‹•–‹…ƒŽŽ›™‹–Š–Š‡ƒǦŠ‹–‡›–‡•–ǡ—•‹‰•–ƒ–‹•–‹…• •‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡ȋ –ƒ–‹•–‹…•„ƒ•‡•‘ˆ–™ƒ”‡Ǣ ǡ‡™‘”ǡǤǤǡȌǤŠ‡Ž‡˜‡Žˆ‘”ƒ•–ƒ–‹•Ǧ –‹…ƒŽŽ›•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡™ƒ•ͷΨǤ Results

Clinical Symptoms of Subjects with FTD Syndrome   Š‡…Ž‹‹…ƒŽ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•‘ˆ–Š‡ •›†”‘‡’ƒ–‹‡–•ƒ”‡…‘’‹Ž‡†‹–ƒ„Ž‡ͳǤŠ‡ ‡ƒƒ‰‡ƒ–‘•‡–™ƒ•͸ͶǤͺά͹Ǥͳ›‡ƒ”•ǡƒ†–Š‡‡ƒ†‹•‡ƒ•‡†—”ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•͵ǤͶάʹǤͻ›‡ƒ”•Ǥ  –Š‡  ‰”‘—’ǡ –Š‡ ‡ƒ  •…‘”‡ ™ƒ• ʹͳǤͻ ά ͷǤͲǡ ƒ† –Š‡ ‡ƒ ”‘–ƒŽ ••‡••‡– ƒ––‡”›ȏʹͻȐ •…‘”‡™ƒ•ͺǤͺά͵Ǥ͸Ǥƒ† ”‘–ƒŽ••‡••‡–ƒ––‡”›•…‘”‡•™‡”‡„‘–Š •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ž› Ž‘™‡” ‹ –Š‡  ‰”‘—’ –Šƒ ‹ –Š‡ Š‡ƒŽ–Š› …‘–”‘Ž ‰”‘—’ ȋ’ δ ͲǤͲͷǡ ƒǦ Š‹–‡›–‡•–Ȍȋ–ƒ„Ž‡ͳȌǤ   Š‡‘•–…‘‘•›’–‘™ƒ•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”…Šƒ‰‡ǡ™Š‹…Š™ƒ•’”‡•‡–‹ƒŽŽͳͶ…ƒ•‡•ǡ ™Š‹Ž‡’‡”•‡˜‡”ƒ–‹‘™ƒ•ˆ‘—†‹ͳͲ…ƒ•‡•ǡ‘ǦˆŽ—‡–ƒ’Šƒ•‹ƒ‹ʹ…ƒ•‡•ǡ˜‡”–‹…ƒŽ‰ƒœ‡’ƒŽ•› ‹ͺ…ƒ•‡•ǡ—’’‡”‘–‘”‡—”‘†‹•‘”†‡”‹Ͷ…ƒ•‡•ǡŽ‘™‡”‘–‘”‡—”‘†‹•‘”†‡”‹ͷ…ƒ•‡•ǡ ƒ†’ƒ”‹•‘‹•‹ͳͲ…ƒ•‡•Ǥ

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Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 2016;6:194–204 © 2016 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel www.karger.com/dee

DOI: 10.1159/000445870

Nakamagoe et al.: Vestibular Impairment in Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome

Table 1.Ž‹‹…ƒŽ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•‘ˆ–Š‡–™‘‰”‘—’•

‰‡ǡ›‡ƒ”• ƒŽ‡•Ȁˆ‡ƒŽ‡•  ”‘–ƒŽ••‡••‡–ƒ––‡”› ‰‡ƒ–‘•‡–ǡ›‡ƒ”• ‡ƒ”•ƒˆˆ‡…–‡† Ž‹‹…ƒŽ•›’–‘• ‡”•‡˜‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ǦˆŽ—‡–ƒ’Šƒ•‹ƒ ‡”–‹…ƒŽ‰ƒœ‡’ƒŽ•› ’’‡”‘–‘”‡—”‘†‹•‘”†‡” ‘™‡”‘–‘”‡—”‘†‹•‘”†‡” ‡”‡„‡ŽŽƒ”ƒ–ƒš‹ƒ ƒ”‹•‘‹•

ƒ‹–†‹•–—”„ƒ…‡ȋͳͲǦ‡–‡”‰ƒ‹–Ȍ ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘™ƒŽȋͳǦ‡–‡”‰ƒ‹–Ȍ   ‡…”‡ƒ•‡†„Ž‘‘†ˆŽ‘™‹–Š‡ˆ”‘–‘–‡’‘”ƒŽŽ‘„‡ ‡…”‡ƒ•‡†„Ž‘‘†ˆŽ‘™‹–Š‡‹ˆ‡”‹‘”’ƒ”‹‡–ƒŽŽ‘„—Ž‡ ‡…”‡ƒ•‡†„Ž‘‘†ˆŽ‘™‹–Š‡…‡”‡„‡ŽŽ—

•›†”‘‡ ȋαͳͶȌ

‘–”‘Ž ȋαͳͶȌ

’˜ƒŽ—‡

͸͹Ǥͻ ά ͷǤ͹ ͸Ȁͺ ʹͳǤͻ ά ͷǤͲ ͺǤͺ ά ͵Ǥ͸ ͸ͶǤͺ ά ͹Ǥͳ ͵ǤͶ ά ʹǤͻ

͸ͻǤʹ ά ʹǤͺ ͸Ȁͺ ʹͺǤ͸ ά ͳǤʹ ͳͷǤͻ ά ͳǤ͵ Ȃ Ȃ

ͲǤͶ͵Ͷ Ȃ ͲǤͲͲͲͲͲͲ͹ȗȗ ͲǤͲͲͲͲͲͲ͹ȗȗ Ȃ Ȃ





















ͳͲȋ͹ͳǤͶȌ ʹȋͳͶǤ͵Ȍ ͺȋͷ͹ǤͳȌ Ͷȋ͵͵Ǥ͵Ȍ ͷȋ͵ͷǤ͹Ȍ ͲȋͲȌ ͳͲȋ͹ͳǤͶȌ ͵ȋʹͳǤͶȌ ͸ȋͶʹǤͻȌ ͳͶȋͳͲͲǤͲȌ ͶȋʹͺǤ͸Ȍ ͲȋͲȌ













Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ

Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ Ȃ

 ‹‰—”‡•ƒ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ•‡ƒ•ά•–ƒ†ƒ”††‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘•ǡȀ‘”ȋΨȌǤ ȗȗ –‡”‰”‘—’…‘’ƒ”‹•‘™‹–Š–Š‡…‘–”‘Ž‰”‘—’ȋ’δͲǤͲͳǡƒǦŠ‹–‡›–‡•–ȌǤ

a

b

Fig. 1.šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ…ƒŽ‘”‹…–‡•–•Ǥ‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ•–‹—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‡ˆ–‡ƒ”™‹–Š…‘‘Žƒ‹”ƒ–ʹͶι ƒ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†ǤŠ‡ —’’‡”’ƒ‡Ž•Š‘™•Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ‡›‡‘˜‡‡–ǡ–Š‡Ž‘™‡”’ƒ‡Ž•Š‘™•˜‡Ž‘…‹–›Ǥ””‘™Š‡ƒ†•‹†‹…ƒ–‡…ƒŽ…—Ǧ Žƒ–‡†˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆ͹ͺΨȋaǢ ƒŠ‡ƒŽ–Š›͹ͶǦ›‡ƒ”Ǧ‘Ž†ƒŽ‡•—„Œ‡…–Ȍƒ†͵ͺΨȋbǢ ƒ͸ͺǦ›‡ƒ”Ǧ‘Ž† •›†”‘‡ •—„Œ‡…–ȌǤ 



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Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 2016;6:194–204 DOI: 10.1159/000445870

© 2016 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel www.karger.com/dee

Nakamagoe et al.: Vestibular Impairment in Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome

Table 2.ƒŽ‘”‹…›•–ƒ‰—•–‡•–

•›†”‘‡ ȋʹͺ‡ƒ”•Ȍ Pre-VStest ’Ž‹–—†‡ǡ†‡‰”‡‡• —‹…’Šƒ•‡ Ž‘™’Šƒ•‡ ‡Ž‘…‹–›ǡ†‡‰”‡‡•Ȁ• —‹…’Šƒ•‡ Ž‘™’Šƒ•‡ ›•–ƒ‰—•ˆ”‡“—‡…›ǡȀ• VStest ’Ž‹–—†‡ǡ†‡‰”‡‡• —‹…’Šƒ•‡ Ž‘™’Šƒ•‡ ‡Ž‘…‹–›ǡ†‡‰”‡‡•Ȁ• —‹…’Šƒ•‡ Ž‘™’Šƒ•‡ ›•–ƒ‰—•ˆ”‡“—‡…›ǡȀ• ǡΨ

‘–”‘Ž ȋʹͺ‡ƒ”•Ȍ

’˜ƒŽ—‡

͵Ǥͳ ά ͳǤ͹ ͵Ǥ͵ ά ͳǤͺ

ͷǤͷ ά ͳǤ͸ ͷǤ͸ ά ͳǤ͹

ͲǤͲͲͲͲͲʹȗȗ ͲǤͲͲͲͲͳȗȗ

ͷͻǤͶ ά ʹͳǤͷ ͳʹǤͶ ά ͹Ǥʹ ͵ǤͲ ά ͳǤͳ

ͺʹǤͳ ά ͳ͹Ǥ͵ ͳͷǤʹ ά ͵Ǥ͹ ʹǤͷ ά ͲǤ͹

ͲǤͲͲͲͲͺȗȗ ͲǤͲ͹͸ ͲǤͲ͸͵

͵Ǥʹ ά ͳǤͺ ͶǤͲ ά ʹǤͲ

ͳǤͻ ά ͲǤ͸ ʹǤ͵ ά ͲǤͺ

ͲǤͲͲͲͶȗȗ ͲǤͲͲͲʹȗȗ

͸ͷǤͷ ά ʹͶǤͻ ͳͳǤͶ ά ͺǤͻ ʹǤͶ ά ͳǤ͵

ͶͷǤ͸ ά ͻǤͲ ͷǤ͹ ά ʹǤ͸ ʹǤͳ ά ͲǤͻ

ͲǤͲͲͲʹȗȗ ͲǤͲͲʹȗȗ ͲǤ͵ͳͲ

ͶǤͺ ά Ͷ͸ǤͲ

͸͵Ǥͳ ά ͳʹǤʹ

ͲǤͲͲͲͲͲͲͲ͵ȗȗ

‹‰—”‡•ƒ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ•‡ƒ•ά•–ƒ†ƒ”††‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ ȗȗ’δͲǤͲͳƒ•…‘’ƒ”‡†–‘Š‡ƒŽ–Š›…‘–”‘Ž•ǢƒǦŠ‹–‡›–‡•–Ǥ

 ƒ›„‡„”‘ƒ†Ž›…Žƒ••‹ˆ‹‡†‹–‘–Š”‡‡•—„–›’‡•ǣ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽ˜ƒ”‹ƒ– ǡ’”‘‰”‡••‹˜‡ ‘ǦˆŽ—‡–ƒ’Šƒ•‹ƒǡƒ†•‡ƒ–‹…†‡‡–‹ƒȏͳͷǡͳ͸ȐǤŠ‡”‡ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘‘Ǧ–›’‹…ƒŽ…ƒ•‡•–Šƒ–†‘ ‘–…‘””‡•’‘†–‘ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡•‡…Ž‹‹…ƒŽˆ‘”•Ǥ –Š‡’”‡•‡–•–—†›ǡ–Š‡”‡™‡”‡ͳʹ…ƒ•‡•‘ˆ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒŽ˜ƒ”‹ƒ– ƒ†ʹ…ƒ•‡•‘ˆ’”‘‰”‡••‹˜‡‘ǦˆŽ—‡–ƒ’Šƒ•‹ƒǢ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡•—„Œ‡…–• Šƒ†•‡ƒ–‹…†‡‡–‹ƒǤ Caloric Test Results for Each Group   ƒŽ‘”‹…–‡•–•™‡”‡…ƒ””‹‡†‘—–‘ͳͶ’‡‘’Ž‡ȋʹͺ‡ƒ”•Ȍ‹–Š‡ ‰”‘—’ƒ†‘ͳͶ’‡‘’Ž‡ ȋʹͺ‡ƒ”•Ȍ‹–Š‡…‘–”‘Ž‰”‘—’ȋˆ‹‰ǤͳȌǤ‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡–‡•–ǡ“—‹…Ǧ’Šƒ•‡ƒ’Ž‹–—†‡ǡ•Ž‘™Ǧ’Šƒ•‡ ƒ’Ž‹–—†‡ǡƒ†“—‹…Ǧ’Šƒ•‡˜‡Ž‘…‹–›™‡”‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ž›Ž‘™‡”‹–Š‡ ‰”‘—’–Šƒ‹–Š‡ …‘–”‘Ž‰”‘—’Ǥ—”‹‰–Š‡–‡•–ǡ„‘–Š–Š‡ƒ’Ž‹–—†‡ƒ†–Š‡˜‡Ž‘…‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡“—‹…ƒ†•Ž‘™ ’Šƒ•‡•™‡”‡•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ž›Š‹‰Š‡”‹–Š‡ ‰”‘—’–Šƒ‹–Š‡…‘–”‘Ž‰”‘—’ȋ–ƒ„Ž‡ʹȌǤŠ‡ ‡ƒ  ˜ƒŽ—‡ ™ƒ• •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ž› Ž‘™‡” ‹ –Š‡  ‰”‘—’ –Šƒ ‹ –Š‡ …‘–”‘Ž ‰”‘—’Ǥ ††‹Ǧ –‹‘ƒŽŽ›ǡˆ‹†‹‰•‘ˆ‹…”‡ƒ•‡†›•–ƒ‰—•™‡”‡’”‡•‡–†—”‹‰–Š‡–‡•–‹‘”‡–ŠƒŠƒŽˆ ȋͷ͹ǤͳΨȌ‘ˆ–Š‡•—„Œ‡…–•Ǥ Relationship of Subjective Symptoms with SR in the FTD Group   Š‡‡ƒ˜ƒŽ—‡•‘ˆ’ƒ–‹‡–•‹–Š‡ ‰”‘—’™‹–Š†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–…Ž‹‹…ƒŽ•›’–‘•™‡”‡ …‘’ƒ”‡† ȋ–ƒ„Ž‡ ͵ȌǤ Š‡  ˜ƒŽ—‡ ™ƒ• •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ–Ž› Ž‘™‡” ‹ ’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Š ’‡”•‡˜‡”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ’ƒ–‹‡–•™‹–Š‰ƒ‹–†‹•–—”„ƒ…‡ǡƒ†’ƒ–‹‡–•—ƒ„Ž‡–‘™ƒŽǤŠ‡•Š‘™‡†‘”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ ™‹–Š ‘ǦˆŽ—‡– ƒ’Šƒ•‹ƒǡ ˜‡”–‹…ƒŽ ‰ƒœ‡ ’ƒŽ•›ǡ —’’‡” ‘–‘” ‡—”‘ †‹•‘”†‡”ǡ Ž‘™‡” ‘–‘” ‡—”‘†‹•‘”†‡”ǡ‘”’ƒ”‹•‘‹•Ǥ

E X T R A

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Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 2016;6:194–204 DOI: 10.1159/000445870

© 2016 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel www.karger.com/dee

Nakamagoe et al.: Vestibular Impairment in Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome

Table 3.‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’‘ˆ–Š‡–‘‡—”‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ•‹‰•‹–Š‡ ‰”‘—’ȋαͳͶȌ

Ž‹‹…ƒŽ•›’–‘•

‡”•‡˜‡”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ǦˆŽ—‡–ƒ’Šƒ•‹ƒ ‡”–‹…ƒŽ‰ƒœ‡’ƒŽ•› ’’‡”‘–‘”‡—”‘†‹•‘”†‡” ‘™‡”‘–‘”‡—”‘†‹•‘”†‡” ƒ”‹•‘‹•

ƒ‹–†‹•–—”„ƒ…‡ȋͳͲǦ‡–‡”‰ƒ‹–Ȍ ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘™ƒŽȋͳǦ‡–‡”‰ƒ‹–Ȍ

 ǡΨ

’˜ƒŽ—‡

•›†”‘‡™‹–Š ‡—”‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ•‹‰•

•›†”‘‡™‹–Š‘—– ‡—”‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ•‹‰•

ͳ͹ǤͶ ά ͵ʹǤͲȋͳͲȀͳͶȌ Ȃ ͺǤͶ ά ʹ͵Ǥ͵ȋʹȀͳͶȌ ʹǤʹ ά ʹͻǤʹȋͺȀͳͶȌ ͳͲǤͳ ά ͵ͺǤ͹ȋͶȀͳͶȌ Ȃ ͷǤͳ ά ͵͸ǤͳȋͷȀͳͶȌ ͳͶǤͺ ά ʹͺǤͷȋͳͲȀͳͶȌ ȂͶͳǤͲ ά ͳͲǤ͸ȋ͵ȀͳͶȌ ȂͳͷǤ͵ ά ͵ʹǤͺȋ͸ȀͳͶȌ

ȂʹʹǤ͵ ά ʹʹǤʹȋͶȀͳͶȌ ͺǤͶ ά ͵ͷǤͻȋͳʹȀͳͶȌ ͳͳǤʹ ά ͶʹǤͶȋ͸ȀͳͶȌ ͶǤͶ ά ͵ͶǤͶȋͳͲȀͳͶȌ ͳʹǤʹ ά ͵͵Ǥ͸ȋͻȀͳͶȌ Ȃͳ͸ǤͲ ά ͶͳǤ͹ȋͶȀͳͶȌ ͳͺǤͻ ά ʹͷǤ͸ȋͳͳȀͳͶȌ ʹʹǤͲ ά ʹ͸ǤͻȋͺȀͳͶȌ













 





































































ͲǤͲʹͻȗ ͲǤͶͺʹ ͲǤ͸͸͹ ͲǤͺͲͻ ͲǤͶͲ͸ ͲǤʹͶͶ ͲǤͲͲͲʹȗȗ ͲǤͲͶͺȗ

‹‰—”‡•ƒ”‡’”‡•‡–‡†ƒ•‡ƒ•ά•–ƒ†ƒ”††‡˜‹ƒ–‹‘•ǡ™‹–Š—„‡”‘ˆ’ƒ–‹‡–•‹’ƒ”‡–Š‡•‡•Ǥ ȗ –‡”‰”‘—’ …‘’ƒ”‹•‘ „ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ ’”‡•‡…‡ ‘” ƒ„•‡…‡ ‘ˆ •‹‰• ƒ† •›’–‘• ȋ’ δ ͲǤͲͷǡ ƒǦ Š‹–‡›–‡•–ȌǤȗȗ –‡”‰”‘—’…‘’ƒ”‹•‘„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡’”‡•‡…‡‘”ƒ„•‡…‡‘ˆ•‹‰•ƒ†•›’–‘•ȋ’δͲǤͲͳǡ ƒǦŠ‹–‡›–‡•–ȌǤ

Discussion

  Ž–Š‘—‰Š •›†”‘‡Šƒ•˜ƒ”‹‘—•…Ž‹‹…ƒŽ•›’–‘•™‹–Š—Ž–‹’Ž‡’”‡•—‡†‡—”‘Ǧ ’ƒ–Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ„ƒ…‰”‘—†•ǡƒŽƒ”‰‡—„‡”‘ˆ…ƒ•‡•™‹–Š •›†”‘‡Šƒ†‹’ƒ‹”‡†ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘ •—’’”‡•• …ƒŽ‘”‹… ›•–ƒ‰—• „› ˜‹•—ƒŽ ˆ‹šƒ–‹‘Ǥ —”–Š‡”‘”‡ǡ  ‹’ƒ‹”‡– •Š‘™‡† ƒ •‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ– ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ –‘ –Š‡ ‹ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘ ™ƒŽ ‹  •›†”‘‡Ǥ ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ ’”‡˜‹‘—• ˆ‹†‹‰•ƒ•‘—–Ž‹‡†ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ–Š‡‡…Šƒ‹•–Š”‘—‰Š™Š‹…Š‹’ƒ‹”‡–ƒ’’‡ƒ”•‹…‘”–‹…ƒŽ †›•ˆ—…–‹‘™ƒ••’‡…—Žƒ–‡†–‘„‡ƒ•’”‡•‡–‡†‹ˆ‹‰—”‡ʹȏ ͳǡʹǡͶǡͷǡ͵Ͳǡ͵ͳȐǤ  ‹‰—”‡ʹƒ•Š‘™•Š›’‘–Š‡•‹œ‡†˜‡•–‹„—Ž‘Ǧ‘…—Žƒ””‡ˆŽ‡š‡—”ƒŽ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›•ƒˆ–‡”•–‹—Žƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ–Š‡Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ•‡‹…‹”…—Žƒ”…ƒƒŽ‹Š‡ƒŽ–Š›‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Ǥ–‹—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ•‡‹Ǧ …‹”…—Žƒ”…ƒƒŽ„›…‘Ž†ƒ‹”…ƒ—•‡•–Š‡‹Š‹„‹–‘”›‡—”‘•‹–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”—…Ž‡—•–‘†‡…”‡ƒ•‡ –Š‡‹”‹Š‹„‹–‹‘‘ˆƒ…–‹˜‹–›‹–Š‡ƒ„†—…‡•—…Ž‡—•ȋ ȌǤ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ–Š‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘…—Ž‘‘–‘”—…Ž‡—•ȋ Ȍ‹’•‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ–‘–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”Ǧ•–‹—Žƒ–‡†•‹†‡†‘‡•‘–…Šƒ‰‡Ǥ•ƒ ”‡•—Ž–ǡ‘Ž›–Š‡–‘—•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„†—…–‘”—•…Ž‡•‹…”‡ƒ•‡•ǡ™Š‹…Š…ƒ—•‡•–Š‡–‘…‘–”ƒ…–ǡ–Š—• ’”‘†—…‹‰–Š‡•Ž‘™’Šƒ•‡‘ˆ…ƒŽ‘”‹…›•–ƒ‰—•Ǥ  ‹‰—”‡ʹ„•Š‘™•–Š‡Š›’‘–Š‡•‹œ‡†”‘—–‡‘ˆ‹Š‡ƒŽ–Š›‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Ǥ—”‹‰ƒ–‡•–ǡ ˜‹•‹‘Ǧ”‡Žƒ–‡† ”‡‰‹‘•ǡ ‹…Ž—†‹‰ –Š‡ …‡”‡„‡ŽŽ— ƒ† –Š‡ ˆ”‘–ƒŽ ‡›‡ ˆ‹‡Ž† ‹ –Š‡ …‡”‡„”ƒŽ …‘”–‡šǡ ”‡…‡‹˜‡ ˜‹•—ƒŽ •–‹—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ Ž‘……—Žƒ” —”‹Œ‡ …‡ŽŽ• …‘–”ƒŽƒ–‡”ƒŽ –‘ –Š‡ ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”Ǧ •–‹—Žƒ–‡†•‹†‡ƒ”‡ƒ…–‹˜ƒ–‡†„›˜‹•—ƒŽ•–‹—Žƒ–‹‘ǡ‡š‡”–‹‰ƒ‹…”‡ƒ•‡†‹Š‹„‹–‘”›‡ˆˆ‡…–‘ –Š‡‹Š‹„‹–‘”›‡—”‘•‹–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”—…Ž‡—•Ǥ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ‹Š‹„‹–‘”›‡—”‘ƒŽƒ…–‹˜‹–›‹ –Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”—…Ž‡—•„‡…‘‡•†‹•”—’–‡†ǡ‡š‡”–‹‰Ž‡••‘ˆƒ‹Š‹„‹–‘”›‡ˆˆ‡…–‘–Š‡‡š…‹–Ǧ ƒ–‘”›‡—”‘•‹–Š‡ƒ„†—…‡•—…Ž‡—•…‘–”ƒŽƒ–‡”ƒŽ–‘–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”Ǧ•–‹—Žƒ–‡†•‹†‡ȋ ȌǤ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡‡š…‹–ƒ–‘”›‡—”‘•‹–Š‡ƒ„†—…‡•—…Ž‡—•…‘–”ƒŽƒ–‡”ƒŽ–‘–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”Ǧ •–‹—Žƒ–‡†•‹†‡ȋ Ȍ„‡…‘‡ƒ…–‹˜ƒ–‡†ǡ‡š‡”–‹‰ƒ‰”‡ƒ–‡”‡š…‹–ƒ–‘”›‡ˆˆ‡…–‘–Š‡‡š–”ƒ‘…—Žƒ” ‘–‘”—…Ž‡‹‘–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”Ǧ•–‹—Žƒ–‡†•‹†‡ȋ Ȍǡ™Š‹…Š‹…”‡ƒ•‡•–Š‡–‘—•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ††—…–‘” —•…Ž‡•‘–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”Ǧ•–‹—Žƒ–‡†•‹†‡Ǥƒ•‡†‘’”‡˜‹‘—•…Ž‹‹…ƒŽˆ‹†‹‰•ˆ‘”Ž‡•‹‘•‘ –Š‡‹ˆ‡”‹‘”’ƒ”‹‡–ƒŽŽ‘„—Ž‡ȏͷǡʹ͸Ȑǡ‹–…ƒ„‡ƒ••—‡†–Šƒ–˜‹•—ƒŽ•–‹—Žƒ–‹‘‹‰Š–…ƒ—•‡–Š‡ ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ” …‘”–‡š –‘ ‡š‡”– ƒ ‡š…‹–ƒ–‘”› ‡ˆˆ‡…– ‘ –Š‡ ‹Š‹„‹–‘”› ‡—”‘• ‹ –Š‡ ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ” —…Ž‡—•‹’•‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ–‘–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”Ǧ•–‹—Žƒ–‡†•‹†‡ǤŠ‡‹Š‹„‹–‘”›‡—”‘•‹–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ” —…Ž‡—•ƒ”‡–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ƒ…–‹˜ƒ–‡†ǡ‡š‡”–‹‰ƒ‰”‡ƒ–‡”‹Š‹„‹–‘”›‡ˆˆ‡…–‘–Š‡‡š–”ƒ‘…—Žƒ”‘–‘”

E X T R A

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 2016;6:194–204 DOI: 10.1159/000445870

© 2016 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel www.karger.com/dee

Nakamagoe et al.: Vestibular Impairment in Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome

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b

c

Fig. 2. ›’‘–Š‡•‹œ‡†‡…Šƒ‹•‘ˆ–Š‡†‹•‘”†‡”‘ˆ‹ •›†”‘‡Ǥa ‡•–‹„—Ž‘Ǧ‘…—Žƒ””‡ˆŽ‡š‡—”ƒŽ ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›•ƒˆ–‡”•–‹—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡Š‘”‹œ‘–ƒŽ•‡‹…‹”…—Žƒ”…ƒƒŽ‹Š‡ƒŽ–Š›‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Ǥb ›’‘–Š‡•‹œ‡†”‘—–‡ ‘ˆ‹Š‡ƒŽ–Š›‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•Ǥc ›’‘–Š‡•‹œ‡†‡…Šƒ‹•‘ˆ†‹•‘”†‡”‹ •›†”‘‡Ǥ α…—Ž‘‘–‘” —…Ž‡—•Ǣ Ⴤ†—…‡•—…Ž‡—•Ǣα—”‹Œ‡…‡ŽŽǤŠ‹–‡…‹”…Ž‡••Š‘™‡š…‹–ƒ–‘”›‡—”‘•ǡ„Žƒ……‹”…Ž‡••Š‘™ ‹Š‹„‹–‘”›‡—”‘•ǤŽ—••‹‰••–ƒ†ˆ‘”‡š…‹–ƒ–‹‘ǡ‹—••‹‰•ˆ‘”‹Š‹„‹–‹‘ǤŠ‡•‹œ‡‘ˆ’Ž—•ƒ†‹—••‹‰• ”‡ˆŽ‡…–•–Š‡†‡‰”‡‡‘ˆƒ…–‹˜‹–›Ǥ

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E X T R A

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 2016;6:194–204 DOI: 10.1159/000445870

© 2016 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel www.karger.com/dee

Nakamagoe et al.: Vestibular Impairment in Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome

—…Ž‡‹‹’•‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ–‘–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”Ǧ•–‹—Žƒ–‡†•‹†‡ȋ Ȍƒ†’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›†‡…”‡ƒ•‹‰–Š‡–‘—• ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„†—…–‘”—•…Ž‡•‘–Š‡•–‹—Žƒ–‡†•‹†‡Ǥ ˜‹‡™‘ˆ–Š‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘…‹–‡†ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ™Š‡ …‘’ƒ”‡† ™‹–Š ˆ ‹‰—”‡ ʹƒǡ ‹– ‹• ‡˜‹†‡– –Šƒ– –Š‡ †‡…”‡ƒ•‡† –‘—• ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ„†—…–‘” —•…Ž‡• †‡”‹˜‡†ˆ”‘”‡‰—Žƒ–‘”›ˆ—…–‹‘•’‡”ˆ‘”‡†„›–Š‡…‡”‡„”—ƒ†–Š‡†‡…”‡ƒ•‡†–‘—•‘ˆ–Š‡ ƒ††—…–‘”—•…Ž‡•†‡”‹˜‡†ˆ”‘”‡‰—Žƒ–‘”›ˆ—…–‹‘•’‡”ˆ‘”‡†„›–Š‡…‡”‡„‡ŽŽ—Ž‡ƒ†–‘ƒ ”‡†—…‡††‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–‘—•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ„†—…–‘”ƒ†ƒ††—…–‘”—•…Ž‡•ǤŠ‹•ǡ‹–—”ǡ ’‘–‡–‹ƒŽŽ›†‡…”‡ƒ•‡•–Š‡•Ž‘™Ǧ’Šƒ•‡˜‡Ž‘…‹–›‘ˆ…ƒŽ‘”‹…›•–ƒ‰—•ǡ–Š—•‹Š‹„‹–‹‰˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ” ›•–ƒ‰—•ǤŠ‹•’Š‡‘‡‘‹•…ƒŽŽ‡†˜‹•—ƒŽ•—’’”‡••‹‘Ǥ   ƒ•‡†‘’”‡˜‹‘—•…Ž‹‹…ƒŽˆ‹†‹‰•ȏͷǡʹ͸Ȑǡ™‡•’‡…—Žƒ–‡–Šƒ–†ƒƒ‰‡–‘„‘–Š–Š‡˜‹•—ƒŽ …‘”–‹…ƒŽ”‡‰‹‘•ƒ†˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”…‘”–‡š‹‰Š–‹†—…‡‹’ƒ‹”‡–‘ˆ…ƒŽ‘”‹…›•–ƒ‰—•‹  ’ƒ–‹‡–•Ǥ  ’ƒ–‹‡–• …‘—Ž† Šƒ˜‡ ‘– ‘Ž› ˆ”‘–‘–‡’‘”ƒŽ Ž‡•‹‘• „—– ƒŽ•‘ ’ƒ”‹‡–ƒŽ Ž‡•‹‘•ǡ •—…Š ƒ• ‹ –Š‡ ‹ˆ‡”‹‘” ’ƒ”‹‡–ƒŽ Ž‘„—Ž‡ ȏ ͵ʹȂ͵ͶȐǤ „‘—– ͵ͲΨ ‘ˆ  ’ƒ–‹‡–• Šƒ† †‡…”‡ƒ•‡†„Ž‘‘†ˆŽ‘™‹–Š‡‹ˆ‡”‹‘”’ƒ”‹‡–ƒŽŽ‘„—Ž‡‹–Š‡’”‡•‡–•–—†›ǤŠ‡”‡‹•‘”‡’‘”– –Šƒ–‘Ž›ˆ”‘–ƒŽŽ‘„‡Ž‡•‹‘•‹†—…‡‹’ƒ‹”‡†ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘•—’’”‡••…ƒŽ‘”‹…›•–ƒ‰—•„›˜‹•—ƒŽ ˆ‹šƒ–‹‘Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡˆ”‘–ƒŽŽ‘„‡Ž‡•‹‘•…‘„‹‡†™‹–Š’ƒ”‹‡–ƒŽŽ‘„‡Ž‡•‹‘•ǡ•—…Šƒ• ‹–Š‡‹ˆ‡”‹‘”’ƒ”‹‡–ƒŽŽ‘„—Ž‡ǡ…‘—Ž†‹†—…‡‹’ƒ‹”‡–ȏʹ͸ȐǤ  ‹‰—”‡ʹ…•Š‘™•–Š‡Š›’‘–Š‡•‹œ‡†‡…Šƒ‹•‘ˆ‹’ƒ‹”‡–‹ •›†”‘‡Ǥ  •›†”‘‡’ƒ–‹‡–•ǡ†‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒˆˆ‡…–•‘–‘Ž›˜‹•—ƒŽ…‘”–‹…ƒŽ”‡‰‹‘•ǡ•—…Šƒ•–Š‡ˆ”‘Ǧ –ƒŽ‡›‡ˆ‹‡Ž†ǡ„—–ƒŽ•‘–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”…‘”–‡šǡ•—…Šƒ•–Š‡‹ˆ‡”‹‘”’ƒ”‹‡–ƒŽŽ‘„—Ž‡Ǥ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ –Š‡‹Š‹„‹–‘”›‡—”‘•‹–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”—…Ž‡—•‹’•‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽ–‘–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”Ǧ•–‹—Žƒ–‡†•‹†‡ ”‡…‡‹˜‡Ž‡••‡š…‹–ƒ–‘”›‹’—–ˆ”‘–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”…‘”–‡šǤƒ•‡†‘’”‡˜‹‘—•…Ž‹‹…ƒŽˆ‹†‹‰• ȏ ͷǡʹ͸Ȑǡ™‡•’‡…—Žƒ–‡–Šƒ––Š‡‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡˜‹•—ƒŽ…‘”–‹…ƒŽ”‡‰‹‘•ƒ†–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ” …‘”–‡š‹•‹’‘”–ƒ–ˆ‘”–Š‡…‘–”‘Ž‘ˆ–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”—…Ž‡—•‹–Š‡„”ƒ‹•–‡ǤŠ‡…‘’ƒ”‹‰ ™‹–Šˆ‹‰—”‡ʹ„ǡ‹–‹•‡˜‹†‡––Šƒ––Š‡‹Š‹„‹–‘”›‡—”‘•‹–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”—…Ž‡—•‹Š‹„‹––Š‡ ‡š–”ƒ‘…—Žƒ”‘–‘”—…Ž‡‹Ž‡••‹’•‹Žƒ–‡”ƒŽŽ›–‘–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”Ǧ•–‹—Žƒ–‡†•‹†‡ȋ ȌǤŠ‹•ǡ‹–—”ǡ ƒ…–‹˜ƒ–‡•–Š‡‡—”‘•‹–Š‡‡š–”ƒ‘…—Žƒ”‘–‘”—…Ž‡‹ȋ Ȍǡ™Š‹…ŠŽ‡ƒ†•–‘‹…”‡ƒ•‡†–‘—•‘ˆ –Š‡ƒ„†—…–‘”—•…Ž‡•‘–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”Ǧ•–‹—Žƒ–‡†•‹†‡Ǥ•ƒ…‘•‡“—‡…‡ǡ–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡‹ —•…Ž‡–‘—•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡ƒ„†—…–‘”ƒ†ƒ††—…–‘”‹…”‡ƒ•‡•ǡ…ƒ—•‹‰–Š‡•Ž‘™Ǧ’Šƒ•‡˜‡Ž‘…‹–› ‘ˆ…ƒŽ‘”‹…›•–ƒ‰—•–‘‹…”‡ƒ•‡†—”‹‰ƒ–‡•–Ǥ Š‹„‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡•Ž‘™’Šƒ•‡‹•–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ †‹•”—’–‡†ǡŽ‡ƒ†‹‰–‘–Š‡‘•‡–‘ˆ‹’ƒ‹”‡†Ǥ   Š‡•Ž‘™’Šƒ•‡‘ˆ…ƒŽ‘”‹…›•–ƒ‰—•‹•‡›‡‘˜‡‡––Šƒ–‘……—”•ƒ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–‘ˆ–Š‡˜‡•–‹„Ǧ —Ž‘Ǧ‘…—Žƒ””‡ˆŽ‡šǤ ˆ–Š‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”•‡‹…‹”…—Žƒ”…ƒƒŽ•‘‘‡•‹†‡…ƒ—•‡†„›…ƒŽ‘Ǧ ”‹…•–‹—Ž—•‘ˆ–Š‡Žƒ„›”‹–Š‹•‰”‡ƒ–‡”–Šƒ–Š‡ƒ…–‹˜‹–›‘–Š‡‘’’‘•‹–‡•‹†‡ǡ–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ•Ž‘™‡›‡ ‘˜‡‡––‘™ƒ”†–Š‡‘’’‘•‹–‡•‹†‡Ǣ–Š‹•…‘””‡•’‘†•–‘–Š‡•Ž‘™’Šƒ•‡‘ˆ…ƒŽ‘”‹…›•–ƒ‰—•Ǥ Š‡•Š‘”–‡•–’ƒ–Š™ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Ž‘Ǧ‘…—Žƒ””‡ˆŽ‡š‹•ƒ–Š”‡‡Ǧ‡—”‘”‡ˆŽ‡šƒ”……‘’”‹•‹‰–Š‡ ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”‡”˜‡ǡ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”—…Ž‡—•‡—”‘•ǡƒ†‡š–”ƒ‘…—Žƒ”‘–‘”‡—”‘•Ǥ•‘†‹•‘”†‡”‘ˆ •Ž‘™Ǧ’Šƒ•‡ ˜‡Ž‘…‹–› ™ƒ• ˆ‘—† ‹ –Š‡  ‰”‘—’ ‹ –Š‹• •–—†›ǡ ‹– ƒ› „‡ •—”‹•‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ ˆ—…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ˆŽ‡šƒ”…‘ˆ–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Ž‘Ǧ‘…—Žƒ””‡ˆŽ‡š‹•”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž›’”‡•‡”˜‡†‹ •›†”‘‡Ǥ   ƒ•‡† ‘ ’”‡˜‹‘—• ”‡’‘”–• ȏ ͷǡ ʹͷȂʹ͹Ȑǡ  ƒ† •Ž‘™Ǧ’Šƒ•‡ ˜‡Ž‘…‹–› ƒ”‡ –Š‘—‰Š– –‘ „‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ–…ƒŽ‘”‹…˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”’ƒ”ƒ‡–‡”•Ǥ–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ™‡–Š‹–Šƒ––Š‡‘–Š‡”’ƒ”ƒǦ ‡–‡”•ǡ•—…Šƒ•˜‡Ž‘…‹–›‘ˆ“—‹…’Šƒ•‡ƒ†ƒ’Ž‹–—†‡ǡƒ”‡‘–‹’‘”–ƒ–‹–Š‡’”‡•‡–•–—†›ǡ ™Š‹…Šƒ––‡’–‡†–‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ–‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”‹’ƒ‹”‡–†—‡–‘…‘”–‹…ƒŽ†›•ˆ—…–‹‘Ǥ   Š‡Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ–Š‡’”‡•‡–•–—†›ƒ”‡ƒ•ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•Ǥ ‹”•–ǡ–Š‡—„‡”‘ˆ…ƒ•‡••–—†‹‡†™ƒ• ‡š–”‡‡Ž›•ƒŽŽǤ‡…‘†ǡ‹–‹•†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž––‘Œ—†‰‡–Š‡‡ˆˆ‡…–•‘ˆ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”†‹•‘”†‡”‘‰ƒ‹–†‹•–—”Ǧ „ƒ…‡‹ •›†”‘‡Ǥ ƒ…–‘”•‘–Š‡”–Šƒ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”†‹•‘”†‡”ǡ•—…Šƒ•—•…Ž‡™‡ƒ‡••ƒ† ’ƒ”‹•‘‹•ǡŠƒ˜‡…‘’Ž‡š‡ˆˆ‡…–•ƒ†…ƒ‡ƒ•‹Ž›…ƒ—•‡„‹ƒ•ǤŠ‹”†ǡ™‡™‡”‡—ƒ„Ž‡–‘—•‡ƒ ‡—”‘’ƒ–Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š –‘  •›†”‘‡ǡ •—…Š ƒ• Ǧ–ƒ—ǡ ǦͶ͵ ȋ Ǧ „‹†‹‰ ’”‘–‡‹ ‘ˆ Ͷ͵ ƒȌǡ ƒ†  ȋˆ—•‹‘ ‹ •ƒ”…‘ƒȀ–”ƒ•Žƒ–‡† ‹ Ž‹’‘•ƒ”…‘ƒȌ ȏ ͵ͷȐǤ ‘ …Žƒ”‹ˆ›–Š‡…Ž‹‹…ƒŽ•‹‰‹ˆ‹…ƒ…‡ƒ†‡…Šƒ‹••‘ˆ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”†‹•‘”†‡”‹ •›†”‘‡ǡˆ—–—”‡ •–—†‹‡•ƒ”‡‡‡†‡†™‹–ŠŽƒ”‰‡”•ƒ’Ž‡•‹œ‡•–Šƒ–ǡƒ•ˆƒ”ƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡ǡ…ƒ„‡‡šƒ‹‡†™‹–Š‘—–„‹ƒ•Ǥ

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Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 2016;6:194–204 © 2016 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel www.karger.com/dee

DOI: 10.1159/000445870

Nakamagoe et al.: Vestibular Impairment in Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome

Conclusion

  Š‡ˆ‹†‹‰•‘ˆ‘—”’”‡•‡–•–—†›ƒ”‡…‘•‹•–‡–™‹–Š–Š‡Š›’‘–Š‡•‹•–Šƒ––Š‡…‡”‡„”ƒŽ …‘”–‡š—•‡•˜‹•—ƒŽ’‡”…‡’–‹‘–‘”‡‰—Žƒ–‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”ˆ—…–‹‘–Š”‘—‰Š‡ˆˆ‡”‡–’ƒ–Š™ƒ›•ǤŠ‡ ”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”‡—”ƒŽ…‹”…—‹–•„›‡ƒ•‘ˆ˜‹•—ƒŽ‹’—–™ƒ•‘„•‡”˜‡†–‘„‡‹’ƒ‹”‡† ‹’ƒ–‹‡–•™‹–Š •›†”‘‡ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ–˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”„ƒŽƒ…‡†‹•‘”†‡”ƒ›ǡ–Š—•ǡ„‡‘‡ ˆƒ…–‘”…ƒ—•‹‰‰ƒ‹–†‹•‘”†‡”•Ǥ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”„ƒŽƒ…‡†‹•‘”†‡”‹’ƒ–‹‡–•™‹–Š •›†”‘‡‹• ƒ•‡”‹‘—•’”‘„Ž‡–Šƒ–…ƒŽ‡ƒ†–‘†‡…”‡ƒ•‡†“—ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡ǤŽ—…‹†ƒ–‹‰–Š‡•‡”‹‡•‘ˆ’ƒ–Š™ƒ›• ‘”‹‰‹ƒ–‹‰ˆ”‘–Š‡…‡”‡„”ƒŽ…‘”–‡š–Šƒ–ƒ”‡‹˜‘Ž˜‡†‹–Š‡”‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”ˆ—…–‹‘ …ƒǡ –Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ ’”‘˜‹†‡ —•‡ˆ—Ž ‹•‹‰Š–• ‹–‘ –Š‡ …Ž‹‹…ƒŽ ƒƒ‰‡‡– ‘ˆ ’ƒ–‹‡–• ™‹–Š  •›†”‘‡Ǥ Acknowledgments

  Š‹• •–—†› ™ƒ• ˆ—†‡† „› ƒ …‹‡–‹ˆ‹… ‡•‡ƒ”…Š ȋȌ ‰”ƒ– ȋ‘Ǥ ʹ͸Ͷ͸ͲͻͲͳȌ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‹‹•–”›‘ˆ†—…ƒ–‹‘ǡ—Ž–—”‡ǡ’‘”–•ǡ…‹‡…‡ƒ†‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆ ƒ’ƒǤ Disclosure Statement

  Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”•†‡…Žƒ”‡‘…‘’‡–‹‰ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽ‹–‡”‡•–•Ǥ 

References Ԙ ͳ ”‹„‡”‰ǡŽ•‡ǡ‘Žƒ†ǡƒ—Ž•‘ǡƒ••‡ǣ ‘…ƒŽ‹…”‡ƒ•‡‘ˆ„Ž‘‘†ˆŽ‘™‹–Š‡…‡”‡„”ƒŽ…‘”–‡š‘ˆ  Ͳͺǣ͸  ͲͻȂ͸ʹ͵Ǥ ƒ†—”‹‰˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”•–‹—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ”ƒ‹ͳͻͺͷǢͳ Ԙ ʹ ”ƒ†– ǡ ƒ”–‡•–‡‹ ǡ ƒ‡ ǡ ‹‡–‡”‹…Š ǣ ‡…‹’”‘…ƒŽ ‹Š‹„‹–‘”› ˜‹•—ƒŽǦ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ” ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘ǣ ˜‹•—ƒŽ  ʹͳǣͳ  ͹ͶͻȂͳ͹ͷͺǤ ‘–‹‘•–‹—Žƒ–‹‘†‡ƒ…–‹˜ƒ–‡•–Š‡’ƒ”‹‡–‘Ǧ‹•—Žƒ”˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”…‘”–‡šǤ”ƒ‹ͳͻͻͺǢͳ  ͳǣʹ  ͷͶȂʹͷͻǤ Ԙ ͵ —Ž†‹ǡ ”ò••‡” ǣ •–Š‡”‡ƒ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”…‘”–‡šǫ”‡†•‡—”‘•…‹ͳͻͻͺǢʹ Ԙ Ͷ ƒ‹–‘ǡƒ–‡›ƒ ǡ ‹”ƒ‘ǡ ‘—‡ǡ —ƒ„‹‹ǡ‘›‘†ƒ ǡ‡‘ǡ •Š‹œ—ǡƒ‰ƒŠƒƒǡ ——›ƒƒ ǡ –‘ ǣ  ʹ͸ǣͳ  ͷ͸ʹȂͳͷ͹ͺǤ ‘”–‹…ƒŽ…‘””‡Žƒ–‡•‘ˆ˜‡•–‹„—Ž‘Ǧ‘…—Žƒ””‡ˆŽ‡š‘†—Žƒ–‹‘ǣƒ•–—†›Ǥ”ƒ‹ʹͲͲ͵Ǣͳ Ԙ ͷ ƒƒƒ‰‘‡ǡ —Œ‹‹›ƒǡ‘‰ƒ‡œƒ™ƒǡƒ†‘‘ǡŠ‹‹œ—ǡ —Œ‹œ—ƒǡƒ‹‰—…Š‹ǡ‡‘ǡ‘œ‡ǡ  ͹ǣͳ  ͺͷȂͳͻ͸Ǥ ƒƒ‘ƒǣ‡•–‹„—Žƒ”ˆ—…–‹‘‹’ƒ‹”‡–‹ŽœŠ‡‹‡”ǯ•†‹•‡ƒ•‡Ǥ ŽœŠ‡‹‡”•‹•ʹͲͳͷǢͶ Ԙ ͸ ”‡†”‹…•‘ ǡ…Š‡‹†ǡ ‹‰‰‡ǡ‘”Š—„‡” ǣ‡•–‹„—Žƒ”‡”˜‡’”‘Œ‡…–‹‘–‘–Š‡…‡”‡„”ƒŽ…‘”–‡š‘ˆ–Š‡  ǣ͵  ͳͺȂ͵ʹ͹Ǥ ”Š‡•—•‘‡›Ǥš’”ƒ‹‡•ͳͻ͸͸Ǣʹ Ԙ ͹ …Š™ƒ”œǡ ”‡†”‹…•‘ ǣŠ‡•—•‘‡›˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”…‘”–‡šǣƒ„‹‘†ƒŽ’”‹ƒ”›’”‘Œ‡…–‹‘ˆ‹‡Ž†Ǥ…‹‡…‡  ͹ʹǣʹ  ͺͲȂʹͺͳǤ ͳͻ͹ͳǢͳ Ԙ ͺ ò––‡”ǡ—‡––‡”ǣƒ”‹‡–ƒŽ…‘”–‡šȋʹ˜Ȍ‡—”‘ƒŽƒ…–‹˜‹–›‹–Š‡ƒŽ‡”–‘‡›†—”‹‰ƒ–—”ƒŽ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”  ͷ͵ǣ͵  ͻʹȂ͵ͻ͹Ǥ ƒ†‘’–‘‹‡–‹…•–‹—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ”ƒ‹‡•ͳͻ͹ͺǢͳ Ԙ ͻ †˜‹•–ǡ…Š™ƒ”œǡ ”‡†”‹…•‘ ǡ ƒ••Ž‡”ǣ”‘Œ‡…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”‡”˜‡–‘–Š‡ƒ”‡ƒ͵ƒƒ”ˆ‹‡Ž†  ͳǣͻ  ͹ȂͳͲͷǤ ‹–Š‡•“—‹””‡Ž‘‡›(Saimiri sciureus)Ǥš’”ƒ‹‡•ͳͻ͹ͶǢʹ ͳ  Ͳ ƒ—‰‹‡”Ǧ ”‹ƒ—†ǡ‡–”‡ ǣƒ–‘‹……‘‡…–‹‘•‘ˆ‹ˆ‡”‹‘”’ƒ”‹‡–ƒŽ…‘”–‡šȋƒ”‡ƒ͹Ȍ™‹–Š•—„…‘”–‹…ƒŽ•–”—…Ǧ  ͺͲǣͳ  ȂͳͶǤ –—”‡•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘˜‡•–‹„—Ž‘Ǧ‘…—Žƒ”ˆ—…–‹‘‹ƒ‘‡›(Macaca fascicularis)Ǥ ‘’‡—”‘ŽͳͻͺͻǢʹ ͳ  ͳ ”ò••‡” ǡƒ—•‡ǡ…Š”‡‹–‡”ǣ‘…ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘ƒ†”‡•’‘•‡•‘ˆ‡—”‘‡•‹–Š‡’ƒ”‹‡–‘Ǧ‹•—Žƒ”˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”  ͵Ͳǣͷ  ͵͹Ȃͷͷ͹Ǥ …‘”–‡š‘ˆƒ™ƒ‡‘‡›•(Macaca fascicularis)Ǥ Š›•‹‘ŽͳͻͻͲǢͶ ͳ  ʹ ”ò••‡” ǡƒ—•‡ǡ…Š”‡‹–‡”ǣ‡•–‹„—Žƒ”‡—”‘‡•‹–Š‡’ƒ”‹‡–‘Ǧ‹•—Žƒ”…‘”–‡š‘ˆ‘‡›•(Macaca fasci ͵Ͳǣͷ  ͷͻȂͷͺ͵Ǥ cularis)ǣ˜‹•—ƒŽƒ†‡…”‡…‡’–‘””‡•’‘•‡•Ǥ Š›•‹‘ŽͳͻͻͲǢͶ ͳ  ͵ —Ž†‹ǡ‹””‹‰ǡ ”ò••‡” ǣ‘‡…–‹‘•ˆ”‘–Š‡‡‘…‘”–‡š–‘–Š‡˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”„”ƒ‹•–‡—…Ž‡‹‹–Š‡  ǣͳ  ͳ͵Ȃͳͳ͸Ǥ …‘‘ƒ”‘•‡–Ǥ‡—”‘”‡’‘”–ͳͻͻ͵Ǣͷ ͳ  Ͷ „ƒ”‹ƒ ǡ ”ò••‡”  ǡ —Ž†‹ ǣ ‘”–‹…‘ˆ—‰ƒŽ …‘‡…–‹‘• „‡–™‡‡ –Š‡ …‡”‡„”ƒŽ …‘”–‡š ƒ† „”ƒ‹•–‡  ͵ͻǣͶ  ʹͳȂͶ͵͹Ǥ ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”—…Ž‡‹‹–Š‡ƒ…ƒ“—‡‘‡›Ǥ ‘’‡—”‘ŽͳͻͻͶǢ͵ ͳ  ͷ ‡ƒ”›ǡ‘™†‡ ǡ —•–ƒˆ•‘ǡƒ••ƒ–ǡ–—••ǡŽƒ…ǡ ”‡‡†ƒǡ‡”–‡•œǡ‘„‡”– ǡŽ„‡”–ǡ ‘‘‡ǡ‹ŽŽ‡”ǡ—‹‰• ǡ‡•‘ ǣ ”‘–‘–‡’‘”ƒŽŽ‘„ƒ”†‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ǣƒ…‘•‡•—•‘…Ž‹‹…ƒŽ†‹ƒ‰Ǧ  ͳǣͳ  ͷͶ͸ȂͳͷͷͶǤ ‘•–‹……”‹–‡”‹ƒǤ‡—”‘Ž‘‰›ͳͻͻͺǢͷ 



























































E X T R A

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Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra 2016;6:194–204 © 2016 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel www.karger.com/dee

DOI: 10.1159/000445870

Nakamagoe et al.: Vestibular Impairment in Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome

ͳ  ͸ …Šƒ ǡŽ„‡”–ǡ ”‘••ƒǡ‹ŽŽ‡”ǡ‹…•‘ǡ”‘Œƒ‘™•‹ ǣŽ‹‹…ƒŽƒ†’ƒ–Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ†‹ƒ‰‘•‹• ‘ˆˆ”‘–‘–‡’‘”ƒŽ†‡‡–‹ƒǣ”‡’‘”–‘ˆ–Š‡‘” ”‘—’‘ ”‘–‘–‡’‘”ƒŽ‡‡–‹ƒƒ†‹…ǯ•‹•‡ƒ•‡Ǥ”…Š  ͺǣͳ  ͺͲ͵ȂͳͺͲͻǤ ‡—”‘ŽʹͲͲͳǢͷ  ǣͷ  ͸͸Ȃͷͺ͵Ǥ ͳ  ͹ ”‘••ƒǣ ”‘–‘–‡’‘”ƒŽ†‡‡–‹ƒǣƒ”‡˜‹‡™Ǥ  –‡—”‘’•›…Š‘Ž‘…ʹͲͲʹǢͺ ͳ  ͺ ‹ƒ ǡ ”‘••ƒ ǣ ”‘–‘–‡’‘”ƒŽ Ž‘„ƒ” †‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ǣ ”‡…‡– ’”‘‰”‡•• ‹ ƒ–‡‘”–‡ †‹ƒ‰‘•‹•Ǥ …–ƒ  ͳͶǣʹ  ͵ȂʹͻǤ ‡—”‘’ƒ–Š‘ŽʹͲͲ͹Ǣͳ ͳ  ͻ ‡›‹‡Žǡ‹˜ƒ—†Ǧ‡…Š‘—šǡƒ‹‡”ǡ ƒ›ƒ”†ǣƒ……ƒ†‡‹’ƒ‹”‡–•‹’ƒ–‹‡–•™‹–Šˆ”‘–‘Ǧ–‡’‘”ƒŽ  ͸ǣͳ  ͷͺͳȂͳͷͺͶǤ †‡‡–‹ƒǤ ‡—”‘Ž‡—”‘•—”‰•›…Š‹ƒ–”›ʹͲͲͷǢ͹ ʹ  Ͳ ‘š‡”ǡ ƒ”„—––ǡƒ‹ǡ ‡ŽŽ—–Š ǡ‡—Šƒ—• ǡ‹ŽŽ‡”ǡ‹•„‡”‰‡” ǣ‡†‹ƒŽ˜‡”•—•Žƒ–‡”ƒŽˆ”‘–ƒŽ Ž‘„‡…‘–”‹„—–‹‘•–‘˜‘Ž—–ƒ”›•ƒ……ƒ†‡…‘–”‘Žƒ•”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†„›–Š‡•–—†›‘ˆ’ƒ–‹‡–•™‹–Šˆ”‘–ƒŽŽ‘„‡†‡‰‡Ǧ  ͸ǣ͸  ͵ͷͶȂ͸͵͸͵Ǥ ‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‡—”‘•…‹ʹͲͲ͸Ǣʹ ʹ  ͳ ƒ”„—–– ǡ ƒ–Ž‹ ǡ ‡ŽŽ—–Š ǡ …Š‡ ǡ ‘Š•‘ ǡ ‘•‡ ǡ ‡ƒ ǡ ”ƒ‡” ǡ ‡—Šƒ—• ǡ ‹ŽŽ‡” ǡ ‹•„‡”‰‡” ǡ‘š‡”ǣ…—Ž‘‘–‘”ˆ—…–‹‘‹ˆ”‘–‘–‡’‘”ƒŽŽ‘„ƒ”†‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘ǡ”‡Žƒ–‡††‹•‘”†‡”•ƒ†  ͵ͳǣͳ  ʹ͸ͺȂͳʹͺͳǤ ŽœŠ‡‹‡”ǯ•†‹•‡ƒ•‡Ǥ”ƒ‹ʹͲͲͺǢͳ ʹ  ʹ —””‡ŽŽ ǡ ‘”„‡”‰‡”ǡƒ”’‡–‡” ǡ‹‡”ƒǡ ‘†‰‡• ǣƒ……ƒ†‹…ƒ„‘”ƒŽ‹–‹‡•‹ˆ”‘–‘–‡’‘”ƒŽ  ͺǣͳ  ͺͳ͸Ȃͳͺʹ͵Ǥ †‡‡–‹ƒǤ‡—”‘Ž‘‰›ʹͲͳʹǢ͹ ʹ  ͵ ‹ŽŽ‡”ǡ ‘–‡ǡ‘–‘ǡ‡˜›ǡ‘‘‡ǡƒ”„›ǡ‡”ƒǡ‡ƒ ǡ—‹‰• ǣ•–—†›‘ˆ–Š‡—†Ǧ ƒ…Š‡•–‡””‡•‡ƒ”…Š…”‹–‡”‹ƒˆ‘”ˆ”‘–‘–‡’‘”ƒŽ†‡‡–‹ƒǣ…Ž‹‹…ƒŽƒ†•‹‰Ž‡Ǧ’Š‘–‘‡‹••‹‘…‘””‡ŽƒǦ  ͺǣͻ  ͵͹ȂͻͶʹǤ –‹‘•Ǥ‡—”‘Ž‘‰›ͳͻͻ͹ǢͶ  Ͷǣ͸  ͺͻȂ͸ͻʹǤ ʹ  Ͷ ‘…”‡ŽŽ ǡ ‘Ž•–‡‹ ǣ‹‹Ǧ‡–ƒŽ–ƒ–‡šƒ‹ƒ–‹‘ȋȌǤ•›…Š‘’Šƒ”ƒ…‘Ž—ŽŽͳͻͺͺǢʹ ʹ  ͷ ƒ–‘ ǡƒ–‘ǡ‘›ƒ‰‹ǡ‹œ—‘•Š‹ǡ‹—”ƒǡ‘‹‡ǡ ƒ›ƒ‘ǣƒŽ‘”‹…’ƒ––‡”–‡•–™‹–Š•’‡…‹ƒŽ”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡  ͺǣͻ  ͹ȂͳͲͶǤ –‘ˆƒ‹Ž—”‡‘ˆˆ‹šƒ–‹‘Ǧ•—’’”‡••‹‘Ǥ…–ƒ–‘Žƒ”›‰‘Žͳͻ͹ͻǢͺ ʹ  ͸ ƒ‡‘”‹ǡ‘ǡƒ‡†ƒǣ‡”‡„”ƒŽ…‘–”‹„—–‹‘–‘–Š‡˜‹•—ƒŽ•—’’”‡••‹‘‘ˆ˜‡•–‹„—Žƒ”›•–ƒ‰—•Ǥ”…Š  Ͳͷǣͷ  ͹ͻȂͷͺͳǤ –‘Žƒ”›‰‘Žͳͻ͹ͻǢͳ ʹ  ͹ ƒ‡‘”‹ǡ‹„ƒǡŠ‹œƒ™ƒǣ‹•—ƒŽ•—’’”‡••‹‘‘ˆ…ƒŽ‘”‹…›•–ƒ‰—•‹„”ƒ‹Ǧ•–‡Ž‡•‹‘•Ǥ…ƒ†  ͹Ͷǣͺ  Ͷ͸ȂͺͷͶǤ …‹ͳͻͺͳǢ͵ ʹ  ͺ ‹‘•Š‹ƒǡ ”‡›ǡ‘‡’’‡ǡ ‘•–‡”ǡ—ŠŽǣ†‹ƒ‰‘•–‹…ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‹ŽœŠ‡‹‡”ǯ•†‹•‡ƒ•‡—•‹‰  ͸ǣͳ  ʹ͵ͺȂͳʹͶͺǤ –Š”‡‡Ǧ†‹‡•‹‘ƒŽ•–‡”‡‘–ƒ…–‹…•—”ˆƒ…‡’”‘Œ‡…–‹‘•‘ˆˆŽ—‘”‹‡ǦͳͺǦ  Ǥ —…Ž‡†ͳͻͻͷǢ͵ ʹ  ͻ —„‘‹•ǡŽƒ…Š‡˜•›ǡ‹–˜ƒ ǡ‹ŽŽ‘ǣŠ‡ ǣƒ ”‘–ƒŽ••‡••‡–ƒ––‡”›ƒ–„‡†•‹†‡Ǥ‡—”‘Ž‘‰›ʹͲͲͲǢ ͷ  ͷǣͳ  ͸ʹͳȂͳ͸ʹ͸Ǥ ͵  Ͳ ƒ–‘ǡƒ™ƒ•ƒ‹ǣ †‡–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡—”‹Œ‡…‡ŽŽȀ…Ž‹„‹‰ˆ‹„‡”œ‘‡ƒ†‹–•–ƒ”‰‡–‡—”‘•”‡•’‘•‹„Ž‡  ͸ǣ͵  ͻȂ͸ͶǤ ˆ‘”‡›‡Ǧ‘˜‡‡–…‘–”‘Ž„›–Š‡…‡”‡„‡ŽŽƒ”ˆŽ‘……—Ž—•Ǥ”ƒ‹‡•”ƒ‹‡•‡˜ͳͻͻͳǢͳ ͵  ͳ —•Š‹‹ ǡƒ–‘ǡ‹—”ƒǡƒ™ƒ•ƒ‹ǣŽ‹„‹‰ˆ‹„‡””‡•’‘•‡•‘ˆ—”‹Œ‡…‡ŽŽ•–‘”‡–‹ƒŽ‹ƒ‰‡‘˜‡‡–  ͳǣͳ  ͵͵͸Ȃͳ͵ͷͲǤ ‹…ƒ–…‡”‡„‡ŽŽƒ”ˆŽ‘……—Ž—•Ǥ ‡—”‘’Š›•‹‘ŽͳͻͻͶǢ͹ ͵  ʹ ‡‘‰ǡŠ‘ǡƒ” ǡƒ‰ ǡ‡‡ ǡƒ‰ǡƒǡ‹ǣͳͺ Ǧ  ˆ‹†‹‰•‹ˆ”‘–‘–‡’‘”ƒŽ  ͸ǣʹ  ͵͵Ȃʹ͵ͻǤ †‡‡–‹ƒǣƒƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆʹͻ’ƒ–‹‡–•Ǥ —…Ž‡†ʹͲͲͷǢͶ ͵  ͵ ‡‡Žƒƒ” ǡƒ’ƒ ǡ ƒ””ƒ—š ǡ†‡‘‹‰ ǡ‡‹Œ•ǡƒŽ‡ƒǡ‘œ‡—ŽŽ‡” ǡƒŽ‘ǡ˜ƒ™‹‡–‡ ǣ  ͹ǣ͵  ͺͶȂ͵ͻʹǤ ”ƒ‹’‡”ˆ—•‹‘’ƒ––‡”•‹ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒŽˆ”‘–‘–‡’‘”ƒŽŽ‘„ƒ”†‡‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ‡—”‘Ž‘‰›ʹͲͳͳǢ͹ ͵  Ͷ ‡”ˆƒ‹ŽŽ‹‡ǡ†”‹ƒƒ•‡ǡ‹‡™‹Œœ‡†ǡ‡‡†‹…–—•ǡ••‡‘’’‡Ž‡ǡƒ––Œ‡•ǡ‹Œ‡„—”‰ǡ ˜ƒ†‡” Ž‹‡”ǡƒ‡”–•ƒǡ—‹Œ‡” ǡ‘‡ŽŽƒƒ”†ǡ…Š‡Ž–‡•ǡ˜ƒ‡”…‡Žǡƒ”Š‘ˆ ǣ‡”‡„”ƒŽ ’‡”ˆ—•‹‘ƒ†‰Ž—…‘•‡‡–ƒ„‘Ž‹•‹ŽœŠ‡‹‡”ǯ•†‹•‡ƒ•‡ƒ†ˆ”‘–‘–‡’‘”ƒŽ†‡‡–‹ƒǣ–™‘•‹†‡•‘ˆ–Š‡•ƒ‡  ͷǣ͵  ͲͷͲȂ͵ͲͷͻǤ …‘‹ǫ—”ƒ†‹‘ŽʹͲͳͷǢʹ ͵  ͷ ƒ†‡ƒ‡”•ǡ‡—ƒǡƒ…‡œ‹‡ ǣ†˜ƒ…‡•‹—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰–Š‡‘Ž‡…—Žƒ”„ƒ•‹•‘ˆˆ”‘–‘–‡’‘”ƒŽ  ǣͶ  ʹ͵ȂͶ͵ͶǤ †‡‡–‹ƒǤƒ–‡˜‡—”‘ŽʹͲͳʹǢͺ  















































































Vestibular Impairment in Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome.

No studies to date have attempted to evaluate frontotemporal lobar degeneration from the perspective of the vestibular system...
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