Serologic Survey for Selected Microbial Pathogens in Bison from Kansas Author(s): J. G. Vestweber, G. L. Merrill, J. J. Staats, and J. Veatch Source: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 27(3):473-476. Published By: Wildlife Disease Association DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-27.3.473 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.7589/0090-3558-27.3.473
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Journal
of
Wildlife
27(3),
Diseases,
© Wildlife
Serologic
Survey
Pathogens
for Selected
in Bison
J. G. Veetweber,’
from
0. L. MenlII,2
A serologic
ABSTRACT:
Microbial
Kansas
J. J. Staate,’
University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA; USA; 3Department of Veterinary Diagnosis,
on
survey
and J. Veatch,3
‘Department of Biology, Kansas State State University, Manhattan,
2
Kansas
was
conducted
transmit tle.
an
American bison (Bison bison) herd in Kansas for antibodies against Brucella spp., Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, pomona, gnippotyphosa, icterohaemorrhaglae, and hardJo, Anaplasma spp. bluetongue virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus. There was an increase in preyalence of bluetongue antibodies from 38% in 1987 to 100% in 1989 in animals 24-mo-old. Prevalences of antibodies against the other livestock pathogens were either negative or at levels associated with previous vaccination. Key words: American bison, Bison bison, serosurvey,
Recent American
and the of these
minima! that also
heightened to bovine
potential pathogens.
importance
Bnucella
abortus
has been of antibodies
of detection in
cause
of the
serologic isolation
et al.,
1990).
If bison
voir of B. abortus, programs should the
1984)
and wild and
that intact ginale
that to
Zaugg one
the
Ana and
Kuttler
bison became
calf
been separated It consisted of two
that had
that were 24-mo-old. been vaccinated
reser-
arrhea
eradication role of bison
In
disease
and
females
born
hardjo in
bactenin.
1975,
1978,
with were
vaccine
1989,
born
the
in
herd
is little were
and males
spleenA. manable to 473
None
any into
six
females and
that
seven
females
bovine viral di-
and
grown
1984. to
from Kansas,
45
by
Maxfour
bison herd owner 16 bison that were
of these
vaccines. three age
and
with the bacten-
1983
had
of three animals Preserve at Canton,
on site.
received vided
reported one
virus
vaccinated leptospinosis
animals from a private at Longfond, Kansas, and
infections.
(1985)
also been mentioned
the addition well Game
(Mc-
All in serovar ictero-
in and a modified live infectious rhinotnacheitis virus and bovine
sp.
and
had
bison at Fort
Leptospina intenrogans poma, gnippotyphosa,
1979
(Davis
bison
inoculated infected
herd.
be-
also
bovine diarrhea
herd of 22 American in 1987 from a herd
Kansas, that other ruminants.
Three
infectious viral
and
there
and
bovine
had previously
American
sp!enectomized
bison
haemonrhagiae,
of this dishosts (Kutt-
plasma
a captive
1986 with canicola,
1985). summarized
that
bluetongue, and
beor-
epizootiology and domestic reported
evidence
suspectable Later,
of
aplasmosis, rhinotracheitis,
and 13 females bison >7-mo-old
of
a significant
and DiGiacomo, of anaplasmosis
the history ease in both or no
are
bnucellosis consider the
in bison
inferred to the
of B. abontus
epizootiology
Corquodale A review
ler,
surveys
occurrence
males and three females old; one male and one range of 7- to 23-mo-old;
about dis-
as reservoirs
the
cat-
was to determine the serologic of brucellosis, leptospirosis, an-
Riley, from
bison to be carInformation is
of bison
ganism
in
for
to splenectomized
on
The study was established
of and
concern infectious
State 66506,
of this study prevalence
in
on the infectious diseases of bison are found commonly in the cattle.
The cause
numbers in wild
disease
Information
pathogens.
increase in the bison (Bison bison)
private herds has their susceptibility eases niens
microbial
the
of Clinical Sciences, Kansas University, Manhattan, Kansas Kansas 66506, USA
of other infectious diseases commonly found in cattle is minimal. The objective
,
epizootiology,
1991, pp. 473-476 Association 1991
Disease
additional
The groups: were
herd
bison
was ditwo males
24-mo-old.
and
six range eighBison
474
JOURNAL
Prairie the
Research
northern
counties, to graze minimum access
m
and no other on the same erate In tested 1989. ral by
Riley Bison quality and
water.
1 ,000
They
from
wild range.
located
in
(96#{176}32’to 96#{176}37’W, in
Kansas (USA). freely on good management pond
VOL. 27, NO. 3, JULY
Area,
Hills
39#{176}07’N),
to
least
DISEASES,
Natural Flint
to
39003?
at
OF WiLDLIFE
and Geary are allowed range, with continuous were
domestic
were raised had a mod-
sampling
hay
with
brome
and
water
tinuously available bison were randomly
during this handled
period restraint
corral collected
in
a circular chute. We
nipuncture of the cygeal veins into was were
removed refrigerated
external serum
from
et a!., cheitis
1975), infectious and bovine viral
by
serum
the
neutralization
et a!., 1971), test (Amerault tongue (Pearson against
Ana plasma and Roby,
and
positive or negative minimum titers
to
a ye-
based upon tion of the
natural bovine
arrhea greater
(Kelling et a!., for Leptospira
1990) and intenrogans
bovine
19
ND
0
0
0
diarrhea
1987
ND
1989
ND
0
Leptospira
0
rhinotracheitis ND
viral
0 0
interrogans
19 9
0 serovar
canicola ND
1987
13
ND 0
0
1989
9
pomona ND
1987
13
ND
0
0
9
ND
ND 0
0 0
0
icterohaemorrhagiae 1987
ND
1989
1987
13 0
0
0
13
10
23
ND
ND
0
1989
0
size
1987
on
ND
0
hardfo
Sample
infectious et a!., viral diserovan
0
ND
0
1989
infecantibody
1:100
0 0
ND
1987
for other established
titers that were 1:4 or greater for bovine rhinotracheitis (Carbrey 1971), 1:16 or greater for bovine
ND
0
grippotyphosa
ictenodetected
or experimental species. Any
ND
1989
spp. by the card 1968), and blue-
whereas were
100
Bovine
by the microscopic agglutination test (Cole et a!., 1973). For the card and immunodiffusion tests, specimens were considered either tests,
38
100
1989
(Canbrey
gnippotyphosa, hard Jo were
3d
ND
1987
virus by the immunodiffusion test and Jochim, 1979). Antibodies Leptospira interrogans serovar ca-
nicola, pomona, haemonnhagiae,
Group
57
Infectious
rhinotraviruses
test
2’
ND’
1989
to Bnucella test (Alton
bovine diarrhea
Group
U’
1989
1987
and the sera until tested.
Sera were tested for antibodies abortus by means of the card
Area,
Brucellosis
jugular and coctubes. The serum
the clots or frozen
Research
of six
(Bison Kansas (1987
1987
1989
con-
by
Group
1987
period. All over a 5 hr leading blood
antibody prevalence’ in American bison
Anaplasmosis
deer population. this study, bison were either blood on 15 October 1987 on 30 October The animals were attracted to a cona 12-hr period of supplemental feedpellet. They were 24 hr prior to blood
serum
agents Prairie
Bluetongue
located
ing with a 14% protein kept in the corral for
1. Percent microbial disease bison) from Konza and 1989). TABLE
Disease
livestock
ruminants The area
1991
ND
ND
1989
7
Prevalence is number positive Group 1 are bison 6-mo-old. Group Group
2 are bison 3 are bison
‘Specimen
not
divided
7- to 23-mo-old 24-mo-old.
16
by number
tested.
of age.
available.
canicola, pomona, haemonnhagiae,
gnippotyphosa, and hand Jo
(Ellis
ictenoand
Thiermann, 1986) were considered to provide evidence of past exposure to the infectious agent or vaccine in question.
SHORT
Results sented
of
the
tibodies
the group 24 100% in 1989; and 100% seropositive test
used
bodies otic both
serologic
in Table 1 . The to bluetongue
of
tests
are
pre-
prevalence of virus increased
anin
mo from 38% in 1987 to 57% of bison