Research Articles

Evaluation of Fate and Exposure Models

Evaluation of Fate and Exposure Models

Editor: Prof. Dr. Michael Matthies, Institute of Environmental Systems Research, University of Osnabriick, D-49069 Osnabrfick, Germany

Preface As response to the increasing need for reliable predictive system to assess the potential exposure to chemical substances for man and environment, the European Science Foundation (ESF) (-~ Vol. 1, 1994, p. 127) established and supports a working group on "Chemical Exposure Prediction" within the programme "Environmental Damage Assessment (EDA)". Scientists from eleven European countries collaborate in a coordinated effort to direct and encourage to improve the quality of assessments and to achieve confidence in chemical exposure predictions. A large number of models exist for the assessment of the fate of chemicals in the environment, including bioaccumulation, but they have not been validated properly by using field data. Also, a number of field observations on relevant systems are available but have never been compared with the existing models. Leaching, run-off and plant-uptake are major pathways of chemicals in soil/plant systems, thus leading to contamination of food and drinking water. In aquatic systems, bioaccumulation is an important exposure route. Comparing calculated concentrations in soil, plant, water, and animals with field observations would enhance both the confidence into model predictions and the validity of laboratory results for exposure assessments. EFM (Evaluation of Fate and Exposure Models) programme started in 1992 to evaluate mathematical model used to predict the exposure as a result from the environmental behaviour and fate of hazardous chemicals. In particular, field data obtained in different European countries were used to assess the influence of the environmental variability and the capability of predictive models to cope with different environmental situations and scales (local, regional, global). In the 3year programme models for terrestrial and aquatic systems and for multimedia environments are evaluated. To facilitate their general use, a tool-box of submodels is being developed. The outcome of the first two years of the European cooperative research was presented at the 2nd ESF Workshop on Evaluation of Fate and Exposure Models held in Osnabr6ck, Germany, 10. - 13. Nov. 1993. Several papers on aquatic, terrestrial, and multimedia environments from scientists of 10 European countries are published in a series of articles in consecutive issues of ESPR:

ESPR-Environ. Sci. & Pollut. Res. 2 (2) 97-103 (1995) 9 ecomed publishers, D-86899 Landsberg, Germany

E. BACCt, A. FRANCHI, L. BENSI, C. GAGGI (Siena):

Pesticides and Groundwater Quality Protection - Calibrating a Simple Model for Ranking the Contamination Potential (ESPR 1 (2) 93-97, 1994) A. DI GUaRDO (Milan), R. WILLIAMS(Wallingford), P. MATTHIESSEN (Burnham-on-Crouch), D. BROOKE (Garston), D. CALAMARI (Milan): Simulation of Pesticide Runoff at Rosemaund Farm (UK) Using the SoilFug Model (ESPR 1 (3) 151 -160, 1994) S. TRAPP(Osnabrfick); T. RANTIO, J. PAASIVIRTA(Jyvaskyla): Fate of Pulp Mill Effluent Compounds in a Finnish Water Course (ESPR 1 (4) 246-252, 1994) W. KLOPPFER(Frankfurt): Exposure and Hazard Assessment Within the Life Cyde and Impact Assessment (ESPR 2 (I) 3 7 - 40, 1995) S. GAYLER, S. TRAPP, M. MATTHIES ( O s n a b r f i c k ) , H. BEHRENDT, R. SCHROLL, I. SCHEUNERT(Neuherberg): Uptake of Terbuthylazine and its Medium Polar Metabolites Into Maize (ESPR 2 (2) 97-103, 1995)*

S. TKaPp, B. HARLAND (Brixham): Field Test of Volatilization Models (ESPR 2 (3) 1995) S. SCHEIL, M. MATTHIES (Osnabrfick) et al.: An Object-Oriented Software for Fate and Exposure Assessments (ESPR 2 (4) I995) A. DI GUARDO, D. CALAMARI (Milan), S. SINKKONEN, J. PAASIVIRTA(Jyv/iskyl/i), P. VUORrNEN (Helsinki): Simulation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Distribution in Bothnian Bay Using a Level lII Fugacity Model C. WOLFF, W . VEERKAMP ( T h e H a g u e ) :

Validation Criteria for Fate and Exposure Models S. E. JDRGENSEN, B. H. SORENSEN (Copenhagen): Estimation of Parameters in Ecotoxicological Modelling J.-O. WAGNER, M. M~TTHIES (Osnabrfick) et al.: Guidelines for Selection and Application of Fate and Exposure Models - Criteria and Model Data Base * The above list of articles on Evaluation of Fate and Exposure Models does not correspond with the order of appearance in ESPR. In this issue (2/1995) the article which carries an asterisk is published.

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