RESEARCH ARTICLE
Optimization of Quantitative PCR Methods for Enteropathogen Detection Jie Liu1*, Jean Gratz1, Caroline Amour2, Rosemary Nshama2, Thomas Walongo2, Athanasia Maro3, Esto Mduma2, James Platts-Mills1, Nadia Boisen4, James Nataro4, Doris M. Haverstick5, Furqan Kabir6, Paphavee Lertsethtakarn7, Sasikorn Silapong7, Pimmada Jeamwattanalert7, Ladaporn Bodhidatta7, Carl Mason7, Sharmin Begum8, Rashidul Haque8, Ira Praharaj9, Gagandeep Kang9, Eric R. Houpt1
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1 Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America, 2 Haydom Global Health Institute, Haydom, Tanzania, 3 Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania, 4 Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America, 5 Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America, 6 Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, 7 Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand, 8 International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh, 9 Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India * [email protected]
OPEN ACCESS Citation: Liu J, Gratz J, Amour C, Nshama R, Walongo T, Maro A, et al. (2016) Optimization of Quantitative PCR Methods for Enteropathogen Detection. PLoS ONE 11(6): e0158199. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0158199 Editor: Kwok Hung Chan, Hong Kong Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences, HONG KONG Received: February 21, 2016 Accepted: June 13, 2016 Published: June 23, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the Supporting Information files. Funding: This study was supported by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (http://www. gatesfoundation.org/, OPP1019093 to ERH), Henry M. Jackson Foundation (http://www.hjf.org/, SA2885/ PO832803 to JL), and CDC (http://www.cdc.gov/, 200-2015-M-64083 to JL). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Abstract Detection and quantification of enteropathogens in stool specimens is useful for diagnosing the cause of diarrhea but is technically challenging. Here we evaluate several important determinants of quantification: specimen collection, nucleic acid extraction, and extraction and amplification efficiency. First, we evaluate the molecular detection and quantification of pathogens in rectal swabs versus stool, using paired flocked rectal swabs and whole stool collected from 129 children hospitalized with diarrhea in Tanzania. Swabs generally yielded a higher quantification cycle (Cq) (average 29.7, standard deviation 3.5 vs. 25.3 ± 2.9 from stool, P
Optimization of Quantitative PCR Methods for Enteropathogen Detection Jie Liu1*, Jean Gratz1, Caroline Amour2, Rosemary Nshama2, Thomas Walongo2, Athanasia Maro3, Esto Mduma2, James Platts-Mills1, Nadia Boisen4, James Nataro4, Doris M. Haverstick5, Furqan Kabir6, Paphavee Lertsethtakarn7, Sasikorn Silapong7, Pimmada Jeamwattanalert7, Ladaporn Bodhidatta7, Carl Mason7, Sharmin Begum8, Rashidul Haque8, Ira Praharaj9, Gagandeep Kang9, Eric R. Houpt1
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1 Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America, 2 Haydom Global Health Institute, Haydom, Tanzania, 3 Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania, 4 Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America, 5 Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America, 6 Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, 7 Department of Enteric Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand, 8 International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh, 9 Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India * [email protected]
OPEN ACCESS Citation: Liu J, Gratz J, Amour C, Nshama R, Walongo T, Maro A, et al. (2016) Optimization of Quantitative PCR Methods for Enteropathogen Detection. PLoS ONE 11(6): e0158199. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0158199 Editor: Kwok Hung Chan, Hong Kong Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences, HONG KONG Received: February 21, 2016 Accepted: June 13, 2016 Published: June 23, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the Supporting Information files. Funding: This study was supported by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (http://www. gatesfoundation.org/, OPP1019093 to ERH), Henry M. Jackson Foundation (http://www.hjf.org/, SA2885/ PO832803 to JL), and CDC (http://www.cdc.gov/, 200-2015-M-64083 to JL). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Abstract Detection and quantification of enteropathogens in stool specimens is useful for diagnosing the cause of diarrhea but is technically challenging. Here we evaluate several important determinants of quantification: specimen collection, nucleic acid extraction, and extraction and amplification efficiency. First, we evaluate the molecular detection and quantification of pathogens in rectal swabs versus stool, using paired flocked rectal swabs and whole stool collected from 129 children hospitalized with diarrhea in Tanzania. Swabs generally yielded a higher quantification cycle (Cq) (average 29.7, standard deviation 3.5 vs. 25.3 ± 2.9 from stool, P
