Accepted Manuscript Title: Investigating the effects of inhaling ginger essence on post-nephrectomy nausea and vomiting Author: Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini PII: DOI: Reference:
S0965-2299(15)30010-8 http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2015.10.002 YCTIM 1495
To appear in:
Complementary Therapies in Medicine
Received date: Revised date: Accepted date:
25-10-2014 2-8-2015 11-10-2015
Please cite this article as: Adib-Hajbaghery Mohsen, Hosseini Fatemeh Sadat.Investigating the effects of inhaling ginger essence on postnephrectomy nausea and vomiting.Complementary Therapies in Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2015.10.002 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
YCTIM_1495
Investigating the effects of inhaling ginger essence on post-nephrectomy nausea and vomiting
Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery a * , Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini b a
Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
b
Labbafinejad Hospital, Social Security Organization, Tehran, Iran
*
Corresponding author.
Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Tel.: +98 36155540021; Fax: +98 36155546633. E-mail addresses: [email protected],
Corresponding author address: Telephone: +983155540021 Fax number: +983155546633 Email address: [email protected] , [email protected]
1
Highlights:
Nausea and vomiting are among the most common postoperative complications.
Commonly some medications such as metoclopramide and droperidol are being used to manage postoperative nausea and vomiting.
There is a knowledge gap regarding the effects of ginger essence on postoperative nausea and vomiting.
The mean post-nephrectomy nausea intensity was significantly decreased after inhaling ginger essence.
The numbers of post-nephrectomy vomiting episodes were significantly decreased after inhaling ginger essence.
2
ABSTRACT Objective: There is a knowledge gap regarding the effects of ginger essence on postoperative nausea and vomiting. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ginger essence on post-nephrectomy nausea and vomiting. Design: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Setting: This study was conducted from third April to first October 2014 in Labbafinejad hospital, Tehran, Iran. Totally, 120 nephrectomy patients were randomly allocated to either the treatment or the control groups. After nephrectomy, we applied two drops of ginger essence to a 2×2-inch gauze that was attached to the patients’ collars in the treatment group to allow patients to inhale the evaporated essence along with the air room and then repeated every 30 minutes for two hours. The control group was similarly treated with normal saline. Nausea was assessed using a visual analogue scale every 30 minutes for two hours and at the sixth hour after surgery. The paired- and independent-samples t and repeated measures analysis of variance tests were used for data analysis. Results: The means nausea intensity were in the treatment and the control groups were 7.09±1.59 and 7.40±1.71 at thirty minutes after surgery(P value>0.05). However, the mean nausea intensity in the treatment group at the four subsequent times were significantly lower than the control group (P value0.99***
Gender Female
20 (33.3)
20 (33.3)
Male
40 (66.7)
40 (66.7) 0.17***
Marital status Single
11 (18.3)
4 (6.7)
Marriage
44 (73.4)
52 (86.6)
5 (8.3)
4 (6.7)
Widow
0.90***
Education level Primary school
26 (43.3)
24 (40)
Diploma
30 (50)
31 (51.7)
University
4 (6.7)
5 (8.3) 0.77***
Employment Workless
11 (18.3)
8 (13.3)
4 (6.7)
6 (10)
Business
22 (36.7)
19 (31.7)
Housewife
23 (38.3)
27 (45)
Employment
0.56***
Type of surgery Open
23 (38.3)
15
20 (33.3)
Laparoscopy
37 (61.7)
40 (66.7) 0.47***
Reason for nephrectomy Donation
*All **
24 (40)
18 (30)
Tumor
26 (43.3)
32 (53.3)
Non functional kidney
10 (16.7)
10 (16.7)
data are presented as Mean ± Sd or No. (%)
Independent Samples Test
***Chi-square
test
16
Table 2. Comparing the study groups regarding age, BMI, vital signs, and the amount of administered intravenous fluids and medications during surgery and in the recovery unit Variables
Group
P value
Control
Experiment
(Mean ± Sd )
(Mean ± Sd )
BMI (kg/m2)
25.92 ± 4.66
25.36±3.98
0.47
Cystolic blood pressure (mmHg)
139.0 ± 19.59
131.0 ± 17.37
0.01
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
70.25 ± 28.21
74.22 ± 19.09
0.36
Heart rate (per min.)
81.17 ± 8.59
81.42 ± 8.50
0.87
Respiratory rate (per min.)
14.30 ± 3.27
13.43 ± 1.51
0.06
Body temperature (C°)
36.61 ± 2.45
42.37 ± 2.35
0.29
Times anesthesia (h)
3.59 ± 0.93
3.50 ± 0.81
0.60
Fluid intake on operative room (ml)
3516.67 ± 1157.02
3300 ± 1142.98
0.3
Fluid intake on recovery room (ml)
545.0 ± 228.62
506.67 ± 162.46
0.35
Oxygen (L/min.)
4.95 ± 1.32
4.76 ± 1.19
0.42
Isofluran
0.94 ± 0.18
0.99 ± 0.02
0.20
280.83 ± 95.71
297.87 ± 70.04
0.26
Fentanil (µ/kg)
2.36 ± 1.12
2.20 ± 0.76
0.32
Midazolam (mg)
1.44 ± 0.76
1.37 ± 0.52
0.53
Transfused blood (unit)
1.77 ± 0.42
1.92 ± 0.27
0.02
Ondansetron (mg)
3.85 ± 1.99
1.90 ± 0.76
0.001
Medication received
Thiopental sodium (mg)
17
Table 3. The mean of nausea intensity in both groups at different measurement time-points Group
P value*
Time T1**
T2
T3
T4
T5
Mean ± Sd
Mean ± Sd
Mean ± Sd
Mean ± Sd
Mean ± Sd
7.40±1.71
7.40±1.71
7.40±1.71
7.40±1.71
6.50±1.98
Experiment 7.09±1.59
4.19±1.73
2.44±1.57
2.03±1.59
1.11±0.97
Control
*
Repeated measures ANOVA
**
Every 30 minutes for two hours:T1–T; the sixth hour after surgery:T5.
18
0.001
Table 4. The numbers of vomiting episodes in both groups at different measurement time-points Group
Numbers of vomiting episodes In the recovery room
Till the end of 6th hour
Mean ± Sd
Mean ± Sd
Control
4.80±1.87
2.58±1.35
Experiment
0.88±0.78
0.15±0.36
*
Independent Samples Test
19
P value*
0.001
S0965-2299(15)30010-8 http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2015.10.002 YCTIM 1495
To appear in:
Complementary Therapies in Medicine
Received date: Revised date: Accepted date:
25-10-2014 2-8-2015 11-10-2015
Please cite this article as: Adib-Hajbaghery Mohsen, Hosseini Fatemeh Sadat.Investigating the effects of inhaling ginger essence on postnephrectomy nausea and vomiting.Complementary Therapies in Medicine http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2015.10.002 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
YCTIM_1495
Investigating the effects of inhaling ginger essence on post-nephrectomy nausea and vomiting
Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery a * , Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini b a
Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
b
Labbafinejad Hospital, Social Security Organization, Tehran, Iran
*
Corresponding author.
Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Tel.: +98 36155540021; Fax: +98 36155546633. E-mail addresses: [email protected],
Corresponding author address: Telephone: +983155540021 Fax number: +983155546633 Email address: [email protected] , [email protected]
1
Highlights:
Nausea and vomiting are among the most common postoperative complications.
Commonly some medications such as metoclopramide and droperidol are being used to manage postoperative nausea and vomiting.
There is a knowledge gap regarding the effects of ginger essence on postoperative nausea and vomiting.
The mean post-nephrectomy nausea intensity was significantly decreased after inhaling ginger essence.
The numbers of post-nephrectomy vomiting episodes were significantly decreased after inhaling ginger essence.
2
ABSTRACT Objective: There is a knowledge gap regarding the effects of ginger essence on postoperative nausea and vomiting. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ginger essence on post-nephrectomy nausea and vomiting. Design: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Setting: This study was conducted from third April to first October 2014 in Labbafinejad hospital, Tehran, Iran. Totally, 120 nephrectomy patients were randomly allocated to either the treatment or the control groups. After nephrectomy, we applied two drops of ginger essence to a 2×2-inch gauze that was attached to the patients’ collars in the treatment group to allow patients to inhale the evaporated essence along with the air room and then repeated every 30 minutes for two hours. The control group was similarly treated with normal saline. Nausea was assessed using a visual analogue scale every 30 minutes for two hours and at the sixth hour after surgery. The paired- and independent-samples t and repeated measures analysis of variance tests were used for data analysis. Results: The means nausea intensity were in the treatment and the control groups were 7.09±1.59 and 7.40±1.71 at thirty minutes after surgery(P value>0.05). However, the mean nausea intensity in the treatment group at the four subsequent times were significantly lower than the control group (P value0.99***
Gender Female
20 (33.3)
20 (33.3)
Male
40 (66.7)
40 (66.7) 0.17***
Marital status Single
11 (18.3)
4 (6.7)
Marriage
44 (73.4)
52 (86.6)
5 (8.3)
4 (6.7)
Widow
0.90***
Education level Primary school
26 (43.3)
24 (40)
Diploma
30 (50)
31 (51.7)
University
4 (6.7)
5 (8.3) 0.77***
Employment Workless
11 (18.3)
8 (13.3)
4 (6.7)
6 (10)
Business
22 (36.7)
19 (31.7)
Housewife
23 (38.3)
27 (45)
Employment
0.56***
Type of surgery Open
23 (38.3)
15
20 (33.3)
Laparoscopy
37 (61.7)
40 (66.7) 0.47***
Reason for nephrectomy Donation
*All **
24 (40)
18 (30)
Tumor
26 (43.3)
32 (53.3)
Non functional kidney
10 (16.7)
10 (16.7)
data are presented as Mean ± Sd or No. (%)
Independent Samples Test
***Chi-square
test
16
Table 2. Comparing the study groups regarding age, BMI, vital signs, and the amount of administered intravenous fluids and medications during surgery and in the recovery unit Variables
Group
P value
Control
Experiment
(Mean ± Sd )
(Mean ± Sd )
BMI (kg/m2)
25.92 ± 4.66
25.36±3.98
0.47
Cystolic blood pressure (mmHg)
139.0 ± 19.59
131.0 ± 17.37
0.01
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
70.25 ± 28.21
74.22 ± 19.09
0.36
Heart rate (per min.)
81.17 ± 8.59
81.42 ± 8.50
0.87
Respiratory rate (per min.)
14.30 ± 3.27
13.43 ± 1.51
0.06
Body temperature (C°)
36.61 ± 2.45
42.37 ± 2.35
0.29
Times anesthesia (h)
3.59 ± 0.93
3.50 ± 0.81
0.60
Fluid intake on operative room (ml)
3516.67 ± 1157.02
3300 ± 1142.98
0.3
Fluid intake on recovery room (ml)
545.0 ± 228.62
506.67 ± 162.46
0.35
Oxygen (L/min.)
4.95 ± 1.32
4.76 ± 1.19
0.42
Isofluran
0.94 ± 0.18
0.99 ± 0.02
0.20
280.83 ± 95.71
297.87 ± 70.04
0.26
Fentanil (µ/kg)
2.36 ± 1.12
2.20 ± 0.76
0.32
Midazolam (mg)
1.44 ± 0.76
1.37 ± 0.52
0.53
Transfused blood (unit)
1.77 ± 0.42
1.92 ± 0.27
0.02
Ondansetron (mg)
3.85 ± 1.99
1.90 ± 0.76
0.001
Medication received
Thiopental sodium (mg)
17
Table 3. The mean of nausea intensity in both groups at different measurement time-points Group
P value*
Time T1**
T2
T3
T4
T5
Mean ± Sd
Mean ± Sd
Mean ± Sd
Mean ± Sd
Mean ± Sd
7.40±1.71
7.40±1.71
7.40±1.71
7.40±1.71
6.50±1.98
Experiment 7.09±1.59
4.19±1.73
2.44±1.57
2.03±1.59
1.11±0.97
Control
*
Repeated measures ANOVA
**
Every 30 minutes for two hours:T1–T; the sixth hour after surgery:T5.
18
0.001
Table 4. The numbers of vomiting episodes in both groups at different measurement time-points Group
Numbers of vomiting episodes In the recovery room
Till the end of 6th hour
Mean ± Sd
Mean ± Sd
Control
4.80±1.87
2.58±1.35
Experiment
0.88±0.78
0.15±0.36
*
Independent Samples Test
19
P value*
0.001
