Acta Ophthalmologica 2016
Inverse relationship between sleep duration and myopia Donghyun Jee,1,2 Ian G. Morgan3 and Eun chul Kim4 1
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA 3 Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia 4 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Buchon, Korea 2
ABSTRACT. Purposes: To investigate the association between sleep duration and myopia. Methods: This population-based, cross-sectional study using a nationwide, systemic, stratified, multistage, clustered sampling method included a total of 3625 subjects aged 12–19 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2012. All participants underwent ophthalmic examination and a standardized interview including average sleep duration (hr/day), education, physical activity and economic status (annual household income). Refractive error was measured by autorefraction without cycloplegia. Myopia and high myopia were defined as ≤ 0.50 dioptres (D) and ≤ 6.0 D, respectively. Sleep durations were classified into 5 categories: 9 hr. Results: The overall prevalence of myopia and high myopia were 77.8% and 9.4%, respectively, and the overall sleep duration was 7.1 hr/day. The refractive error increased by 0.10 D per 1 hr increase in sleep after adjusting for potential confounders including sex, age, height, education level, economic status and physical activity. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for refractive error was 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83–0.97) per 1 hr increase in sleep. The adjusted OR for myopia was decreased in those with >9 hr of sleep (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38–0.93; p for trend = 0.006) than in those with
730 0.0 7.4 53.5 15.2 163.8 56.2 20.8
1488 1.6 24.8 52.8 15.3 164.6 57.6 21.1
(21.3) (0.0) (1.3) (2.1) (0.1) (0.4) (0.5) (0.1)
(40.6) (0.0) (1.4) (1.6) (0.1) (0.2) (0.4) (0.1)
3.0 D
Moderate myopia 3.0 D > SE > 6.0 D
High myopia 6.0 D > SE
p
Participants
1048 4.3 85.1 53.1 15.5 165.4 58.2 21.2
359 7.5 94.1 52.2 16.1 167.6 60.8 21.4
Inverse relationship between sleep duration and myopia Donghyun Jee,1,2 Ian G. Morgan3 and Eun chul Kim4 1
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA 3 Research School of Biology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia 4 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Buchon, Korea 2
ABSTRACT. Purposes: To investigate the association between sleep duration and myopia. Methods: This population-based, cross-sectional study using a nationwide, systemic, stratified, multistage, clustered sampling method included a total of 3625 subjects aged 12–19 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2012. All participants underwent ophthalmic examination and a standardized interview including average sleep duration (hr/day), education, physical activity and economic status (annual household income). Refractive error was measured by autorefraction without cycloplegia. Myopia and high myopia were defined as ≤ 0.50 dioptres (D) and ≤ 6.0 D, respectively. Sleep durations were classified into 5 categories: 9 hr. Results: The overall prevalence of myopia and high myopia were 77.8% and 9.4%, respectively, and the overall sleep duration was 7.1 hr/day. The refractive error increased by 0.10 D per 1 hr increase in sleep after adjusting for potential confounders including sex, age, height, education level, economic status and physical activity. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for refractive error was 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83–0.97) per 1 hr increase in sleep. The adjusted OR for myopia was decreased in those with >9 hr of sleep (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38–0.93; p for trend = 0.006) than in those with
730 0.0 7.4 53.5 15.2 163.8 56.2 20.8
1488 1.6 24.8 52.8 15.3 164.6 57.6 21.1
(21.3) (0.0) (1.3) (2.1) (0.1) (0.4) (0.5) (0.1)
(40.6) (0.0) (1.4) (1.6) (0.1) (0.2) (0.4) (0.1)
3.0 D
Moderate myopia 3.0 D > SE > 6.0 D
High myopia 6.0 D > SE
p
Participants
1048 4.3 85.1 53.1 15.5 165.4 58.2 21.2
359 7.5 94.1 52.2 16.1 167.6 60.8 21.4
