Original Article
Does the usage of digital chest drainage systems reduce pleural inflammation and volume of pleural effusion following oncologic pulmonary resection?—A prospective randomized trial Michèle De Waele1, John Agzarian1, Waël C. Hanna1, Colin Schieman2, Christian J. Finley1, Joseph Macri3, Laura Schneider1, Terri Schnurr1, Forough Farrokhyar1,4, Katherine Radford5, Parameswaran Nair5, Yaron Shargall1 1
Department of Surgery, McMaster University, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; 2Foothills Medical Centre,
Calgary, AB T2T 2Y6, Canada; 3Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada; 4Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; 5
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
Contributions: (I) Conception and design: M De Waele, L Schneider, J Agzarian, T Schnurr, P Nair, Y Shargall; (II) Administrative support: L Schneider, T Schnurr, K Radford, J Macri; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: WC Hanna, Y Shargall, L Schieman, CJ Finley; (IV) Collection & assembly of data: L Schneider, T Schnurr, F Farrokhyar, J Macri, K Radford; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: L Schneider, F Farrokhyar, J Agzarian, Y Shargall; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Dr. Yaron Shargall. St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Juravinski Tower T-2105, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada. Email: [email protected].
Background: Prolonged air leak and high-volume pleural drainage are the most common causes for delays in chest tube removal following lung resection. While digital pleural drainage systems have been successfully used in the management of post-operative air leak, their effect on pleural drainage and inflammation has not been studied before. We hypothesized that digital drainage systems (as compared to traditional analog continuous suction), using intermittent balanced suction, are associated with decreased pleural inflammation and postoperative drainage volumes, thus leading to earlier chest tube removal. Methods: One hundred and three [103] patients were enrolled and randomized to either analog (n=50) or digital (n=53) drainage systems following oncologic lung resection. Chest tubes were removed according to standardized, pre-defined protocol. Inflammatory mediators [interleukin-1B (IL-1B), 6, 8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)] in pleural fluid and serum were measured and analysed. The primary outcome of interest was the difference in total volume of postoperative fluid drainage. Secondary outcome measures included duration of chest tube in-situ, prolonged air-leak incidence, length of hospital stay and the correlation between pleural effusion formation, degree of inflammation and type of drainage system used. Results: There was no significant difference in total amount of fluid drained or length of hospital stay between the two groups. A trend for shorter chest tube duration was found with the digital system when compared to the analog (P=0.055). Comparison of inflammatory mediator levels revealed no significant differences between digital and analog drainage systems. The incidence of prolonged post-operative air leak was significantly higher when using the analog system (9 versus 2 patients; P=0.025). Lobectomy was associated with longer chest tube duration (P=0.001) and increased fluid drainage when compared to sublobar resection (P
Does the usage of digital chest drainage systems reduce pleural inflammation and volume of pleural effusion following oncologic pulmonary resection?—A prospective randomized trial Michèle De Waele1, John Agzarian1, Waël C. Hanna1, Colin Schieman2, Christian J. Finley1, Joseph Macri3, Laura Schneider1, Terri Schnurr1, Forough Farrokhyar1,4, Katherine Radford5, Parameswaran Nair5, Yaron Shargall1 1
Department of Surgery, McMaster University, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; 2Foothills Medical Centre,
Calgary, AB T2T 2Y6, Canada; 3Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada; 4Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; 5
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
Contributions: (I) Conception and design: M De Waele, L Schneider, J Agzarian, T Schnurr, P Nair, Y Shargall; (II) Administrative support: L Schneider, T Schnurr, K Radford, J Macri; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: WC Hanna, Y Shargall, L Schieman, CJ Finley; (IV) Collection & assembly of data: L Schneider, T Schnurr, F Farrokhyar, J Macri, K Radford; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: L Schneider, F Farrokhyar, J Agzarian, Y Shargall; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Dr. Yaron Shargall. St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Juravinski Tower T-2105, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada. Email: [email protected].
Background: Prolonged air leak and high-volume pleural drainage are the most common causes for delays in chest tube removal following lung resection. While digital pleural drainage systems have been successfully used in the management of post-operative air leak, their effect on pleural drainage and inflammation has not been studied before. We hypothesized that digital drainage systems (as compared to traditional analog continuous suction), using intermittent balanced suction, are associated with decreased pleural inflammation and postoperative drainage volumes, thus leading to earlier chest tube removal. Methods: One hundred and three [103] patients were enrolled and randomized to either analog (n=50) or digital (n=53) drainage systems following oncologic lung resection. Chest tubes were removed according to standardized, pre-defined protocol. Inflammatory mediators [interleukin-1B (IL-1B), 6, 8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)] in pleural fluid and serum were measured and analysed. The primary outcome of interest was the difference in total volume of postoperative fluid drainage. Secondary outcome measures included duration of chest tube in-situ, prolonged air-leak incidence, length of hospital stay and the correlation between pleural effusion formation, degree of inflammation and type of drainage system used. Results: There was no significant difference in total amount of fluid drained or length of hospital stay between the two groups. A trend for shorter chest tube duration was found with the digital system when compared to the analog (P=0.055). Comparison of inflammatory mediator levels revealed no significant differences between digital and analog drainage systems. The incidence of prolonged post-operative air leak was significantly higher when using the analog system (9 versus 2 patients; P=0.025). Lobectomy was associated with longer chest tube duration (P=0.001) and increased fluid drainage when compared to sublobar resection (P
