Journal of Pediatric Psychology Advance Access published June 27, 2015
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2015, 1–8 doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv062 Original Research Article
Disentangling the Longitudinal Relations of Race, Sex, and Socioeconomic Status, for Childhood Body Mass Index Trajectories Gabrielle G. Banks,1 MS, Kristoffer S. Berlin,1,2 PHD, Tiffany M. Rybak,1 BA, Rebecca C. Kamody,1 MS, and Robert Cohen,1 PHD 1
Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis and 2Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Gabrielle G. Banks, MS, Department of Psychology, 202 Psychology Building, University of Memphis, 400 Innovation Drive, Memphis, TN 83152-3230, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Received January 21, 2015; revisions received May 30, 2015; accepted June 1, 2015
Abstract Objective Race, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with childhood obesity. The present research longitudinally examines these factors with 12,674 White and Black children from kindergarten through 8th grade. Methods Body mass index (BMI) data were collected and standardized at six time points (zBMI). Using Latent Growth Curve Modeling, race and sex were evaluated as moderators for the relation between SES and initial zBMI and rate of zBMI change. Results Higher SES significantly predicted higher initial zBMI for Black males and lower initial zBMI and rate of change for White males. A nonlinear relation between SES and zBMI was found for White females. Conclusions SES has a differential impact on adiposity for different demographic groups. The longitudinal nature of the study and the focus on younger school-aged children provide important information regarding the complex interplay of race, sex, and SES for the prediction of childhood adiposity. Key words: longitudinal study; pediatric obesity; race/ethnicity; sex; socio-economic status.
Prevalence rates of pediatric overweight (body mass index [BMI] ¼ weight in kilograms/height in meters2 score 85th and
Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2015, 1–8 doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv062 Original Research Article
Disentangling the Longitudinal Relations of Race, Sex, and Socioeconomic Status, for Childhood Body Mass Index Trajectories Gabrielle G. Banks,1 MS, Kristoffer S. Berlin,1,2 PHD, Tiffany M. Rybak,1 BA, Rebecca C. Kamody,1 MS, and Robert Cohen,1 PHD 1
Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis and 2Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Gabrielle G. Banks, MS, Department of Psychology, 202 Psychology Building, University of Memphis, 400 Innovation Drive, Memphis, TN 83152-3230, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Received January 21, 2015; revisions received May 30, 2015; accepted June 1, 2015
Abstract Objective Race, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with childhood obesity. The present research longitudinally examines these factors with 12,674 White and Black children from kindergarten through 8th grade. Methods Body mass index (BMI) data were collected and standardized at six time points (zBMI). Using Latent Growth Curve Modeling, race and sex were evaluated as moderators for the relation between SES and initial zBMI and rate of zBMI change. Results Higher SES significantly predicted higher initial zBMI for Black males and lower initial zBMI and rate of change for White males. A nonlinear relation between SES and zBMI was found for White females. Conclusions SES has a differential impact on adiposity for different demographic groups. The longitudinal nature of the study and the focus on younger school-aged children provide important information regarding the complex interplay of race, sex, and SES for the prediction of childhood adiposity. Key words: longitudinal study; pediatric obesity; race/ethnicity; sex; socio-economic status.
Prevalence rates of pediatric overweight (body mass index [BMI] ¼ weight in kilograms/height in meters2 score 85th and
