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Direct and complete phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater using a hybrid microfiltration-forward osmosis membrane bioreactor process with seawater brine as draw solution Guanglei Qiu, Yi Ming Law, Subhabrata Das, and Yen Peng TING Environ. Sci. Technol., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/es504554f • Publication Date (Web): 28 Apr 2015 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on May 5, 2015
Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides “Just Accepted” as a free service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. “Just Accepted” manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are accessible to all readers and citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the “Just Accepted” Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the “Just Accepted” Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these “Just Accepted” manuscripts.
Environmental Science & Technology is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society. However, no copyright claim is made to original U.S. Government works, or works produced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the course of their duties.
Page 1 of 26
Environmental Science & Technology
1
Direct and complete phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater
2
using a hybrid microfiltration-forward osmosis membrane bioreactor
3
process with seawater brine as draw solution
4
Guanglei Qiu∗, Yi-Ming Law, Subhabrata Das, Yen-Peng Ting∗
5
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4
6
Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
7
∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +65 65162190; fax: +65 67791936;
8
E-mail: [email protected] (Y.P. Ting); [email protected] (G. Qiu)
9
ABSTRACT
10
We report a hybrid microfiltration-forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (MF-FOMBR)
11
for direct phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater in the course of its treatment. In
12
the process, a forward osmosis (FO) membrane and a microfiltration (MF) membrane are
13
operated in parallel in a bioreactor. FO membrane rejects the nutrients (e.g. PO43-, Ca2+, Mg2+,
14
etc.) and results in their enrichment in the bioreactor. The nutrients are subsequently
15
extracted via the MF membrane. Phosphorus is then recovered from the nutrients enriched
16
MF permeate via precipitation without addition of an external source of calcium or
17
magnesium. The use of seawater brine as a draw solution (DS) is another novel aspect of the
18
system. The process achieved 90% removal of total organic carbon and 99% removal of
19
NH4+–N. 97.9% of phosphate phosphorus (PO43-–P) was rejected by the FO membrane and
20
enriched within the bioreactor. >90% phosphorus recovery was achieved at pH 9.0. The
21
precipitates were predominantly amorphous calcium phosphate with a phosphorus content of
ACS Paragon Plus Environment
1
Environmental Science & Technology
Page 2 of 26
22
11.1–13.3 %. In principal, this process can recover almost all the phosphorus, apart from that
23
assimilated by bacteria for growth. Global evaluation showed an overall phosphorus recovery
24
of 71.7% over 98 days.
25 26
TOC Art
27
INTRODUCTION
28
Phosphorus is a pollutant but is also an important non-renewable resource. The world
29
phosphorus reserves will run out in a few decades, while its demand continues to rise.1 One
30
way out of this problem is to recycle phosphorus from various phosphorus-containing waste
31
streams. Municipal wastewater is a hidden treasure for phosphorus, from which 15–20% of
32
the world’s phosphorus demand can be satisfied by its recovery.2
33
Calcium phosphate precipitation is one of the most promising phosphorus recovery
34
processes. Similar to struvite, calcium phosphate is a very important phosphate mineral.1
35
Since it is the effective composition of phosphate rocks, it can be more readily accepted by
36
the phosphate industry without limitation.3,4 However, the economic application of a
37
phosphorus recovery process usually requires a liquid phase containing high phosphorus
38
content (typically, >50 mg/L 3,4), which is not directly suited to municipal wastewater (which
39
typically has phosphorus concentrations of
Article
Direct and complete phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater using a hybrid microfiltration-forward osmosis membrane bioreactor process with seawater brine as draw solution Guanglei Qiu, Yi Ming Law, Subhabrata Das, and Yen Peng TING Environ. Sci. Technol., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/es504554f • Publication Date (Web): 28 Apr 2015 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on May 5, 2015
Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides “Just Accepted” as a free service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. “Just Accepted” manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are accessible to all readers and citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the “Just Accepted” Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the “Just Accepted” Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these “Just Accepted” manuscripts.
Environmental Science & Technology is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society. However, no copyright claim is made to original U.S. Government works, or works produced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the course of their duties.
Page 1 of 26
Environmental Science & Technology
1
Direct and complete phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater
2
using a hybrid microfiltration-forward osmosis membrane bioreactor
3
process with seawater brine as draw solution
4
Guanglei Qiu∗, Yi-Ming Law, Subhabrata Das, Yen-Peng Ting∗
5
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4
6
Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
7
∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +65 65162190; fax: +65 67791936;
8
E-mail: [email protected] (Y.P. Ting); [email protected] (G. Qiu)
9
ABSTRACT
10
We report a hybrid microfiltration-forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (MF-FOMBR)
11
for direct phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater in the course of its treatment. In
12
the process, a forward osmosis (FO) membrane and a microfiltration (MF) membrane are
13
operated in parallel in a bioreactor. FO membrane rejects the nutrients (e.g. PO43-, Ca2+, Mg2+,
14
etc.) and results in their enrichment in the bioreactor. The nutrients are subsequently
15
extracted via the MF membrane. Phosphorus is then recovered from the nutrients enriched
16
MF permeate via precipitation without addition of an external source of calcium or
17
magnesium. The use of seawater brine as a draw solution (DS) is another novel aspect of the
18
system. The process achieved 90% removal of total organic carbon and 99% removal of
19
NH4+–N. 97.9% of phosphate phosphorus (PO43-–P) was rejected by the FO membrane and
20
enriched within the bioreactor. >90% phosphorus recovery was achieved at pH 9.0. The
21
precipitates were predominantly amorphous calcium phosphate with a phosphorus content of
ACS Paragon Plus Environment
1
Environmental Science & Technology
Page 2 of 26
22
11.1–13.3 %. In principal, this process can recover almost all the phosphorus, apart from that
23
assimilated by bacteria for growth. Global evaluation showed an overall phosphorus recovery
24
of 71.7% over 98 days.
25 26
TOC Art
27
INTRODUCTION
28
Phosphorus is a pollutant but is also an important non-renewable resource. The world
29
phosphorus reserves will run out in a few decades, while its demand continues to rise.1 One
30
way out of this problem is to recycle phosphorus from various phosphorus-containing waste
31
streams. Municipal wastewater is a hidden treasure for phosphorus, from which 15–20% of
32
the world’s phosphorus demand can be satisfied by its recovery.2
33
Calcium phosphate precipitation is one of the most promising phosphorus recovery
34
processes. Similar to struvite, calcium phosphate is a very important phosphate mineral.1
35
Since it is the effective composition of phosphate rocks, it can be more readily accepted by
36
the phosphate industry without limitation.3,4 However, the economic application of a
37
phosphorus recovery process usually requires a liquid phase containing high phosphorus
38
content (typically, >50 mg/L 3,4), which is not directly suited to municipal wastewater (which
39
typically has phosphorus concentrations of
