Immunology 7bday, voL 5, No. 6, 1984

158 by B-cells is also influenced by proteins synthesized by activated continuous T-cell clones: e.g. B-cell differentiating factor, BCDFg, which specifically stimulates I g M secretion and BCDF)' which is able to induce IgG-class switching (from IgG s to IgGl) and the subsequent secretion of the IgGl (E. Vitetta, Univ. of Texas). BCDFg (molecular weight 45 000) stimulates a surface IgM-positive cell line (BCL 0 to secrete IgM. Northern analysis of IgGp m R N A from BCL 1 before and after exposure to partially purified BCDF/~, revealed a switch from the synthesis of m R N A for Surface IgM (2.7 kb) to the synthesis of m R N A (2.4 kb) for secreted IgM. Although there is, as yet, no cell line which responds to BCDFy, activated splenic B lymphocytes can be induced to switch from IgG 3 production to IgG1

production in the presence of BCDF)'. Limit dilution analysis has indicated that BCDFy induces IgG class switching rather than the expansion of a new clone of IgGl-secreting B-lymphocytes. This conference served as an introduction to many of the 'developing' systems in cell biology. At present, protein chemistry, nucleic acid manipulation and cell cloning are unravelling the complexity which undoubtedly exists within each of these systems. It was exciting to learn of the latest progress in the purification, characterization and use of the growth factors controlling epithelial cells, fibroblasts, nerve cells and blood cells. Certainly all of us were stimulated to transfer some new techniques from one cellular system to our particular field. It will be fascinating to follow the progress of all these systems

during the next 12 months, but the meeting has provided many of us with a feeling that our understanding of mammalian cell biology is entering an extraordinary phase o f growth and maturation. [] Antony Burgess is Director of the Tumour Biology Branch of the Ludwig Institutefor CancerResearch, Melbourne, Australia, 3050.

References 1 Downward, J. et al. (1984) Nature (London) 307, 521 2 Baldwin,G. S. etal. (1982)FEBSLett. 137, 1 3 Baldwin, G. S. et aL(1982) Proe. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 80, 5276 4 Taniguchi, T. et al. (1983) Nature (London) 302, 305 5 Fung,M. C. et aL (1984)Nature(London) 307, 233 6 Gough, N. M. et al. (1984)Nature(London)in press

Differentiation human leukocyte antigens: a proposed nomenclature A t the First I n t e r n a t i o n a l W o r k s h o p on H u m a n Leukocyte Differentiation A n t i g e n s in Paris in 1982, 139 m o n o c l o n a l antibodies to h u m a n differentiation antigens were tested b y i m m u n o f l u o r e s c e n c e . Analysis of the results suggeste d the existence of clusters of differentiation on each target cell type, a n d oral a n d written designations of the first eleven clusters ( T a b l e I) were officially a d o p t e d b y the N o m e n clature S u b c o m m i t t e e w h i c h m e t in K y o t o d u r i n g the V t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n g r e s s of I m m u n o l o g y . T h e 'cluster of differentiation' ( C D ) n o m e n c l a t u r e relies o n a simple, logistically u n a m b i g u o u s , n e u t r a l , u n i v e r s a l a n d a d a p t a b l e system, thus a v o i d i n g the m a j o r difficulties in c o m m u n i c a t i o n w h i c h h a d previously arisen from the multiplicity of n o m e n c l a t u r e used. TABLE I. Nomenclature system adopted by the Nomenclature Subcommktee, and clusters of differentiation defined by the First International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens. NOMENCLATURE SYSTEM ADOPTED BY THE NOMENCLATURE SUBCOMMITTEE CD # [cell,MW] 'as authors wish' CD : Cluster of differentiation # : Arbitrary number officially ascribed to the cluster In brackets Cell : Typical cell of the particular CD, or cell type on which MW was determined MW: Molecular weight of the antigen on the particular cell type given in brackets - gp : glycoprotein followed by molecular weight or " u " ( = unknown) - gl : glycolipid - cho : carbohydrate Alter the brackets 'as authors wish' : name of the particular monoelonal antibody used (Example : CALLA, investigated by the monoclonal antibody J5 on non-T, non-B leukaemic cells, should be designated: CD10 [nT-nB, pl00] 'J5' Oral designation should be limited to 'CD10') Whenever definitive official recognition of a given CD cannot be achieved, but it is nevertheless felt that an official designation should be provisionally adopted, the CD could be termed CDw # . In Kyoto (August 1983), the Nomenclature Subcommittee officially recognized 11 CDs and provisionally termed 4 additional CDws. Their identity and designation are indicated on the opposite page.

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CLUSTERS OF DIFFERENTIATION DEFINED BY T H E FIRST INTERNATIONAL W O R K S H O P ON H U M A N LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGENS Cluster designation

Workshop antibodies ~'d

Typical leukocyte subpopulations

Leukocyte malignanciesb

CD1 [Thy, p45, 121 CD2 IT, p50] CD3 IT, p19-291

HA1/34, T6, M241, D47 9.6, T l l , 35.1 T3, U C H T 1, 89bl, 38.1

Corticothymocytes All T cells forming E rosette Mature T cells

Few c T-ALL and T-LL Most c T-cell malignancies

CD4 [T, p551

T4, Leu3a, 91D6

Subset T cells, mostly inducers

CD5 [T, p67]

A50, 10.2, T1, UCHT2, SCI, AMG4, T101, Cris 1, H65, HH9 12.1, T411, B614, WT31, MBG6 3A1, 4A, CL1.3

Pan T + subpopulation B cells

Subset of T cells, mostly cytotoxic/ suppressor

CD10 [nT-nB, pl00] CDll [M,G, u]

Leu2a, TB, M236, 51.1, UCHT4, 2D2, B9.4.1, B9.3.1, B9.7.6, B9.2.4, B9.8.6, B9.11.10, B9.1.1, C10, T S l l BA2, DU-ALL- 1, FMCS, SJ9A-4, WB3 J5, BA3, NL-1, 24.1, VIL-A1 MO1, B2.12, M522

CDw12 [M,G, u] CDwl3 [M,G, u]

20.2, M67 MY7, DU-HL60-4, MCS.2

CDwl4 [M, u]

20.3, 5F1, MOP15, MO2, Monocytes MOS1, MY4, MOS39, TM18, MOP9, FMC17 BOH3, B13.9, MCS.1, 82H7 Granulocytes, some bone-marrow FMC12, FMC13, WM37, cells DU-HL60-1, FMC10, WM27, WM30, Gl120, TGS, WM38, TG1, DU-HL60-3, G2, B4.3, VIMD5, WM41, 1G10

CD6 IT, p1201 CD7 [T, p41] GD8 [T, p32-33]

CD9 [nT-nB, p24]

CDw15 [G, u]

Mature T + subpopulation B cells Pan T

Monocytes Pre-B-cell polymorphs Monocytes and granulocytes, some bone-marrow cells Monocytes and granulocytes Monocytes and granulocytes

Most T - C L L and CTCL, few T-ALL and T-LL Few T-ALL, some c T-CLL, all C T C L Most T-cell malignancies, some B-CLL Few T-ALL, most T-CLL and CTCL, some B-CLL Most T-ALL, some T-CLL, few C T C L Few T-ALL and T-CLL

Most non-T-non-B ALL, few B-CLL Most non-T-non-B ALL Some M4 and most M5 stages of AML, some C M L Few M4 and M5 stages of A M L Most M1 and few M4 or M5 stages of AML, some C M L Few M4 and some M5 stages of A M L Most M4 and some M5 stages of AML, some C M L

" List of antibodies in the cluster. b Abbreviations used: ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; LL, lymphoblastic lymphoma; CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; CTCL, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; AML, acute myeloblastic leukaemia; CML, chronic myelogenous leukaemia. c Frequency of positive cases is indicated as: few for 10 2>frequency < 35 % ; some for 40 2>frequency < 70 % ; most for 70 2> frequency. d A list of the antibodies' references is available on request from Dr A. Bernard or L. Boumsell, Institut G. Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France.

COMMITTEE ON HUMAN LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION ANTIGENS: IUIS-WHO NOMENCLATURE SUBCOMMITTEE A. BERNARD (Villejuif), I. BERNSTEIN (Seattle), L. BOUMSELL (Paris), J. DAUSSET (Paris), R. EVANS (New York), J. HANSEN (Seattle), B. HAYNES (Durham), J. KERSEY (Minneapolis). W. KNAPP (Vienna), A. McMICHAEL (Oxford), C. MILSTEIN (Cambridge), E. REINHERZ (Boston), R. E. RITTS ( W H O representative), S. F. SCHLOSSMAN (Boston)

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