© 1991 S. Karger AG, Basel 0001-5792/91/0861-0036 $2.75/0
Acta Haematol 1991 ;86:36-39
Detection of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Aseptic Meningitis Kazuya Shimodaa, Seiichi Okamuraa, Fusayuki Omorv\ Yumi Mizunoc, Toshiro Harac, Tomonobu AokiA, HidekiAkedad, Kohji Uedac, Yoshiyuki Nihob a Cancer Center, b First Department of Internal Medicine, and c Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, and 11Fukuoka Municipal Children’s Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
Key Words. Cerebrospinal fluid • Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor • Meningitis Abstract. The level of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the cerebrospinal fluid from 14 infants and children with meningitis and 6 patients who suffered other diseases besides meningitis was measured by our sensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for GM-CSF. The minimal detection level of GM-CSF was 40 pg/ml. Six of 9 patients (67%) with aseptic meningitis had detectable GM-CSF in cere brospinal fluid and the concentrations of GM-CSF ranged from 49 to 114 pg/ml (mean 72 pg/ml), whereas none of 5 patients with bacterial meningitis or 6 patients with other diseases besides meningitis had detectable GMCSF levels. There was no clear correlation between the GM-CSF levels in cerebrospinal fluid and the leukocyte count in either peripheral blood or cerebrospinal fluid, or the concentration of protein or glucose in cere brospinal fluid.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is one of the cytokines that regulate he mopoiesis [1-3]. It has been reported that it not only stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage [1], but also activates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by macrophages [4] and complement-mediated phagocy tosis by neutrophils [5], in addition to enhancing vari ous functions of mature neutrophils [6-8], GM-CSF can also stimulate nonhemopoietic cell types, such as normal marrow fibroblasts, osteogenic sarcoma cell lines, a breast carcinoma cell line [9] and a colon ade nocarcinoma cell line [10]. The levels of some cytokines, such as tumor necro sis factor-a (TNF-a) [11-14], interleukin ip (IL-lp) [11, 13,15], interleukin 6 (IL-6) [11, 16,17] and interferon-y (IFN-y) [16] in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis have already been described. However, the levels of GM-CSF in cerebrospinal fluid have not
been documented to date. In this article, we report the GM-CSF levels in cerebrospinal fluid from pa tients with meningitis for the first time.
Patients and Methods Patients
Fourteen patients, between the ages of 9 months and 12 years, who had been admitted with meningitis, were evaluated prospec tively. As a control population, cerebrospinal fluid samples from 6 patients, between the ages of 1 month and 5 years, punctured for the exclusion of meningitis (upper respiratory infection, 1 case; fe verish convulsions, 4 cases; otitis media, 1 case) were used. Nine of 14 meningitis patients were diagnosed as suffering from aseptic meningitis according to the following criteria: (1) cerebrospinal leukocyte count of more than 107/H (2) negative bactériologie stud ies, including cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures, and (3) no antibiotic therapy during the previous one week. Whereas the re maining 5 patients were considered to be suffering from bacterial meningitis, because (1) the cerebrospinal fluid contained more than 10* leukocytes/1, and (2) either the cerebrospinal fluid or blood cultures revealed positive bacterial studies. The cerebrospi nal fluid specimens were routinely analyzed for leukocyte count
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Introduction
GM-CSF in Cerebralspinal Fluid
37
Tabic 1. Patients with meningitis (n = 14) and other disease besides meningitis (n = 6) Bacterial meningitis (n = 5)
Aseptic meningitis (n = 9)
Other diseases (n = 6)
Peripheral blood Serum C-reactive protein Leukocytes, x 109/1 Polymorphonuclear, x 109/1
4.6 (2-6) 16.1 (8.3-23.2) 10.9 (4.5-19.4)
0.3 (0-2) 8.6 (5.5-10.2) 5.9 (2.7-10.5)
3.4 (0-6) 11.9 (3.3-18.6) 8.0(1.4-20.1)
Cerebrospinal fluid Leukocytes, x 109/1 Polymorphonuclear, x 109/1 Protein, g/l
7.8 (0.2-20.8) 7.0 (0.2-18.4) 9.2 (1.2-17.1)
0.9 (0.05-2.2) 0.2 (0.02-0.7) 3.9 (1.4-6.9)
0.007 (0-0.01) 0.001 (0-0.003) 1.8 (1.2-3.7)
Data for mean are shown with ranges in parentheses.
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Acta Haematol 1991 ;86:36-39
Detection of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Aseptic Meningitis Kazuya Shimodaa, Seiichi Okamuraa, Fusayuki Omorv\ Yumi Mizunoc, Toshiro Harac, Tomonobu AokiA, HidekiAkedad, Kohji Uedac, Yoshiyuki Nihob a Cancer Center, b First Department of Internal Medicine, and c Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, and 11Fukuoka Municipal Children’s Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
Key Words. Cerebrospinal fluid • Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor • Meningitis Abstract. The level of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the cerebrospinal fluid from 14 infants and children with meningitis and 6 patients who suffered other diseases besides meningitis was measured by our sensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for GM-CSF. The minimal detection level of GM-CSF was 40 pg/ml. Six of 9 patients (67%) with aseptic meningitis had detectable GM-CSF in cere brospinal fluid and the concentrations of GM-CSF ranged from 49 to 114 pg/ml (mean 72 pg/ml), whereas none of 5 patients with bacterial meningitis or 6 patients with other diseases besides meningitis had detectable GMCSF levels. There was no clear correlation between the GM-CSF levels in cerebrospinal fluid and the leukocyte count in either peripheral blood or cerebrospinal fluid, or the concentration of protein or glucose in cere brospinal fluid.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is one of the cytokines that regulate he mopoiesis [1-3]. It has been reported that it not only stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage [1], but also activates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by macrophages [4] and complement-mediated phagocy tosis by neutrophils [5], in addition to enhancing vari ous functions of mature neutrophils [6-8], GM-CSF can also stimulate nonhemopoietic cell types, such as normal marrow fibroblasts, osteogenic sarcoma cell lines, a breast carcinoma cell line [9] and a colon ade nocarcinoma cell line [10]. The levels of some cytokines, such as tumor necro sis factor-a (TNF-a) [11-14], interleukin ip (IL-lp) [11, 13,15], interleukin 6 (IL-6) [11, 16,17] and interferon-y (IFN-y) [16] in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis have already been described. However, the levels of GM-CSF in cerebrospinal fluid have not
been documented to date. In this article, we report the GM-CSF levels in cerebrospinal fluid from pa tients with meningitis for the first time.
Patients and Methods Patients
Fourteen patients, between the ages of 9 months and 12 years, who had been admitted with meningitis, were evaluated prospec tively. As a control population, cerebrospinal fluid samples from 6 patients, between the ages of 1 month and 5 years, punctured for the exclusion of meningitis (upper respiratory infection, 1 case; fe verish convulsions, 4 cases; otitis media, 1 case) were used. Nine of 14 meningitis patients were diagnosed as suffering from aseptic meningitis according to the following criteria: (1) cerebrospinal leukocyte count of more than 107/H (2) negative bactériologie stud ies, including cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures, and (3) no antibiotic therapy during the previous one week. Whereas the re maining 5 patients were considered to be suffering from bacterial meningitis, because (1) the cerebrospinal fluid contained more than 10* leukocytes/1, and (2) either the cerebrospinal fluid or blood cultures revealed positive bacterial studies. The cerebrospi nal fluid specimens were routinely analyzed for leukocyte count
Downloaded by: Stockholm University Library 130.237.165.40 - 11/20/2018 3:31:49 AM
Introduction
GM-CSF in Cerebralspinal Fluid
37
Tabic 1. Patients with meningitis (n = 14) and other disease besides meningitis (n = 6) Bacterial meningitis (n = 5)
Aseptic meningitis (n = 9)
Other diseases (n = 6)
Peripheral blood Serum C-reactive protein Leukocytes, x 109/1 Polymorphonuclear, x 109/1
4.6 (2-6) 16.1 (8.3-23.2) 10.9 (4.5-19.4)
0.3 (0-2) 8.6 (5.5-10.2) 5.9 (2.7-10.5)
3.4 (0-6) 11.9 (3.3-18.6) 8.0(1.4-20.1)
Cerebrospinal fluid Leukocytes, x 109/1 Polymorphonuclear, x 109/1 Protein, g/l
7.8 (0.2-20.8) 7.0 (0.2-18.4) 9.2 (1.2-17.1)
0.9 (0.05-2.2) 0.2 (0.02-0.7) 3.9 (1.4-6.9)
0.007 (0-0.01) 0.001 (0-0.003) 1.8 (1.2-3.7)
Data for mean are shown with ranges in parentheses.
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