DENTAL ED U CA TIO N 1975-1976: summary of Each y e a r t h e A m e r ic a n D e n ta l A s s o c ia tio n in c o o p e r a tio n w it h t h e A m e r ic a n A s s o c ia tio n o f D e n ta l S c h o o ls s u rv e y s a ll d e n ta l s c h o o ls
in
th e
U n ite d
S ta te s a n d C a n a d a . T h e s u rv e y is c a lle d th e " A n n u a l s u rv e y o f d e n ta l e d u c a tio n a l in s t it u t io n s . "
It w a s
c o n d u c t e d f o r th e f ir s t t im e in 1967. T h e s u rv e y it s e lf is c o m p o s e d o f fiv e p a rts , e a ch o f w h ic h is r e t u r n e d to th e A m e ric a n D e n ta l A s s o c ia tio n a t a s e p a ra te tim e d u r in g th e fa ll s e m e s te r as t h e r e q u e s te d in f o r m a t io n b e c o m e s a v a ila b le . F o l lo w in g th e f o r m a t o f r e c e n t y e a rs , p a r t 1, " G e n e r a l g r a d u a te
in f o r m a t io n , "
re q u e s ts
in f o r m a t io n
on
a d m is s io n s , g ra d u a te s , o p p o r t u n it ie s f o r m in o r itie s , a n d c o n t in u in g e d u c a tio n . P a rt 2 c o n c e rn s in f o r m a t io n
o n d e n ta l s c h o o l fa c u lty . P art 3 tr e a ts th e f i
n a n c ia l r e v e n u e s a n d e x p e n d itu r e s o f th e d e n ta l s c h o o l. P a rt 4 a n d p a r t 5 c o n c e r n a d v a n c e d e d u c a t io n a n d e n r o llm e n t r e s p e c tiv e ly . F ro m th e d a ta c o lle c t e d in th e a n n u a l s u rv e y , an A n n u a l R e p o rt o n D e n t a l E d u c a tio n is p r e p a r e d a n d p u b lis h e d b y t h e A m e r ic a n D e n ta l A s s o c ia tio n . T h is a r t ic le s u m m a r iz e s in p a r t s o m e o f th e in f o r m a t io n c o n ta in e d in t h e c u r r e n t a n n u a l r e p o r t.
D EN TAL S C H O O LS C u r r e n t ly , 54 d e n ta l s c h o o ls in th e U n ite d
S ta te s
a re f u lly o p e r a t io n a l. In a d d it io n , fiv e n e w s c h o o ls a re in v a r io u s s ta g e s o f d e v e lo p m e n t. In th e 1 9 7 5 1976 a c a d e m ic y e a r, t h e U n iv e r s ity o f F lo rid a a n d t h e U n iv e r s it y o f O k la h o m a a c c e p te d t h e ir f o u r t h
T a b le 1 ■ Dental s c h o o l e n ro llm e n t and tu itio n costs, 1975-1976.
P re -d o c to ra l e nro llm e n t Dental Schools Alabama P a c ific C a lifo r n ia , San Francisco C a lifo r n ia , Los Angeles Southern C a lifo r n ia Loma Linda Colorado C onnecticut Georgetown Howard F lo rid a Emory Georgia Loyola Northwestern Southern I l l i n o i s I llin o is Indiana Iowa Kentucky L o u is v ille Louisiana Maryland Harvard Boston T u fts D e tro it Michigan Minnesota M is s is s ip p i M issouri-Kansas C ity Washington (S t. Louis) Creighton Nebraska F a irle ig h Dickinson New Jersey Columbia New York SUNY, Stony Brook SUNY, B u ffa lo N orth C arolina Ohio Case Western Reserve Oklahoma Oregon Temple Pennsylvania P itts b u rg h South C aro lin a Meharry Tennessee Baylor Texas, Houston Texas, San Antonio V ir g in ia Washington (S e attle ) West V ir g in ia Marquette Puerto Rico TOTAL +
880 ■ JADA, Vol. 92, May 1976
F irs t-Y e a r 72 138 88 106 139 73 25 52 150 105 60 104 65 139 105 43 148 130 96 60 89 97 138 20 38 156 99 151 150 25 160 87 75 66 83 64 52 192 24 90 83 200 102 36 83 149 161 134 55 47 78 129 124 152 110 100 63 137 66 5,763
T o ta l
Annual t u i t i o n costs Resident
266 $ 1,200 404 5,100 352 762 421 684 519 3,390 291 3,750 10,634 73 159 350 579 4,400 1,818 396 147 1,392 411 3,100 180 1,400 536 2,990 406 3,885 124 760 530 783 508 892 359 1,030 247 910 334 1,050 374 800 521 1,200 79 3 ,750 103 4 ,900 438 5,735 286 2,600 593 1,600 565 1,590 25 1,100 632 1,150 289 4,465 287 3,475 257 900 3,400 325 195 3,115 206 3,750 584 4,500 69 1,600 353 1,600 329 2,007 748 1,050 396 3,000 107 693 316 1, 208 573 1,900 634 + 4,560 528 2,000 165 1, 200 158 2,500 467 1,600 368 500 491 325 245 300 442 1,670 840 378 241 715 540 3,000 567 218 20,767 AVERAGE $ 2,206
N on-reside] $ 2,400 5,100 1,207 2,184 3,390 3,750 10,634 850 4 ,400 1,818 3,140 3,100 2,800 2,990 3,885 1,904 1,641 1,890 2,150 1,805 1,9 80 2,300 2, 800 3,750 4,900 5, 735 2,600 3,200 4,065 1, 300 2, 230 4, 465 3,475 2,000 3, 400 3,583 3, 750 4 , 500 2,000 2, 000 2, 461 2,100 3,000 1, 493 2, 597 3, 800 4,560 4,000 2, 400 2,500 N/A 1,500 975 900 2, 970 1, 839 1,969 3,000 567 $ 2,842
In fo rm a tio n fo r fo u rth -y e a r is n ot a v a ila b le ; fig u re s fo r those students are based on d is t r ib u tio n o f fir s t - v e a r class in 1972-73.
the AD A annual report fr e s h m a n c la ss, th e U n iv e r s ity o f C o lo r a d o a n d th e
DENTAL STUD EN TS
U n iv e r s it y o f N e w Y o r k a t S to n y B r o o k a c c e p te d s ip p i a c c e p te d its f ir s t cla ss. T h e s e n e w s c h o o ls h a v e
T a b le 1 s h o w s th e e n r o llm e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p re d o c t o r a l d e n ta l s tu d e n ts a n d t u it io n c o s ts f o r 1 9 7 5 -
t h e ir s e c o n d c la s s , w h ile t h e U n iv e r s ity o f M is s is n o t re a c h e d t h e ir f ir s t - y e a r s t u d e n t c a p a c ity b u t w ill
1976. In th e p r e s e n t a c a d e m ic y e a r, th e n u m b e r o f
d o s o w h e n t h e ir p h y s ic a l fa c ilitie s a re f u lly d e v e l
f ir s t- y e a r
oped.
5 ,7 6 3 . T h is f ir s t - y e a r e n r o llm e n t r e fle c ts an in c re a s e
s tu d e n ts
e n r o lle d
in
d e n ta l
s c h o o ls
is
o f 2 .6 % c o m p a r e d w it h th e 1 9 7 4-1 9 7 5 a c a d e m ic y e a r e n r o llm e n t o f 5 ,6 17 . T h e g r o w t h p a tte r n o f fir s t- y e a r Fig 1 ■ First-year d e n ta l sch o o l e n ro llm e n t and p a rtic ip a tio n in th e D en ta l A d m is s io n
s tu d e n t e n r o llm e n t f r o m 1965 t o 1975 is p r e s e n te d
T e s tin g P rogram .
in F ig u re 1. F ig u re 1 a ls o d is p la y s d a ta o n th e n u m b e r o f c a n d id a te s w h o p a r tic ip a te d in th e D e n ta l A d m is s io n T e s tin g
P ro g ra m
f o r t h e s a m e p e r io d .
A n e x a m in a tio n o f th e g ra p h in d ic a te s th e v a s t in c re a s e in th e a p p lic a n t p o o l in p r o p o r t io n t o th e n u m b e r o f a c c e p te d s tu d e n ts , e s p e c ia lly s in c e 1971. In 1965, 8,0 52 c a n d id a te s p a r t ic ip a t e d in t h e D e n ta l A d m is s io n
T e s tin g
P ro g ra m ,
and
o f th e s e , 3,8 06
w e r e a c c e p te d in t o th e fir s t- y e a r cla ss. T e n y e a rs la te r , in 1975, 2 1 ,3 6 7 c a n d id a te s p a r tic ip a te d in th e D e n ta l A d m is s io n T e s tin g P ro g ra m a n d 5,763 w e r e a c c e p te d . T h is r e p r e s e n ts a d e c re a s e in th e r a tio o f d e n ta l a d m is s io n te s t a p p lic a n ts t o fir s t- y e a r e n r o ll m e n t f r o m 0 .4 7 t o 0 .2 7 . It is d if f ic u lt t o d e t e r m in e th e c a u s e o f th is in c re a s e in th e a p p lic a n t p o o l, b u t i t c a n b e a t t r ib u t e d p a r t ly t o s t u d e n t c h a n g e s in c a r e e r o b je c tiv e s b e c a u s e o f th e p o o r jo b o p p o r t u n i tie s th a t h a v e e x is te d in o t h e r s c ie n c e a n d e d u c a t io n a l f ie ld s d u r in g t h e p a s t f e w y e a rs . T h e t o ta l e n r o llm e n t o f u n d e r g r a d u a te s tu d e n ts in th e 1 9 7 5 -1 9 7 6 a c a d e m ic y e a r w a s 2 0 ,7 6 7 , a n in c re a s e o f 3 .0 % o v e r t h e 1 9 7 4 -1 9 7 5 a c a d e m ic y e a r. T h e s e e n r o llm e n t fig u r e s a re b a s e d n o t o n ly o n th e f o u r - c a le n d a r - y e a r p ro g r a m s b u t a ls o o n th e f o u r a c a d e m ic , th re e - c a le n d a r - y e a r p ro g r a m s . A t p re s e n t, 15 s c h o o ls h a v e a fo u r - a c a d e m ic , th r e e - c a le n d a r- y e a r p r o g r a m , as o p p o s e d t o 14 la s t y e a r. T h e g r o w th p a tte r n o f d e n ta l s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t —
Dent al Admission Test applicants
— ———
First-year dental school enrollment
f r o m 1959 t o 1975 is s h o w n in F ig u re 2. D u r in g th is
DENTAL EDUCATION: ADA ANNUAL REPORT ■ 881
Fig 2 ■ Total e n ro llm e n t in d e n ta l sch oo ls.
1 6 -y e a r p e r io d , t o ta l u n d e r g r a d u a te e n r o llm e n t in
ta l s c h o o ls a re f ir s t- y e a r s tu d e n ts , it ca n b e e x p e c te d
c re a s e d b y 7 ,1 86 s tu d e n ts ; 94% o f th is g r o w t h has
t h a t t h e n u m b e r o f w o m e n d e n ta l s tu d e n ts w ill c o n t in u e t o ris e in th e c o m in g y e a rs .
ta k e n p la c e a fte r 1965. T h e m a jo r p o r t io n o f th e in c re a s e has b e e n r e la te d t o th e a v a ila b ility o f fe d e r a l
T a b le 3 p re s e n ts th e s u m m a r y s ta tis tic s o f m in o r
f u n d s f o r in it ia t in g , e x p a n d in g , a n d im p r o v in g d e n
it y s tu d e n t e n r o llm e n t a n d g ra d u a te s . T h e t o ta l m in
ta l e d u c a tio n s o th a t m o r e d e n ta l p r a c tit io n e r s w ill
o r it y s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t in c r e a s e d 11% c o m p a r e d
b e g ra d u a te d a n n u a lly . T h e e n r o llm e n t s o f f e m a le
w it h th e d a ta f o r th e 1 9 7 4 -1 9 7 5 a c a d e m ic y e a r. d e n ta l s tu d e n ts f o r
th e a c a d e m ic y e a rs o f 1 9 7 4 -1 9 7 5 a n d 1 9 7 5 -1 9 7 6 a re D E N T A L SP EC IA LTY E D U C A T IO N
s h o w n in T a b le 2. T h is ta b le r e p o r ts th e fe m a le e n r o llm e n t f o r e a c h class as w e ll as th e to ta l fe m a le d e n ta l s c h o o l e n r o llm e n t f o r th e y e a r. T h e p e r c e n t
In th e c u r r e n t a c a d e m ic y e a r, 1 9 7 5 -1 9 7 6 , 924 fir s t -
a g e o f w o m e n in th e fir s t- y e a r class has in c re a s e d
y e a r s tu d e n ts a re e n r o lle d in th e a d v a n c e d s p e c ia lty
1 .1 % th is p a s t y e a r. F e m a le s n o w r e p r e s e n t 12 .3%
p r o g r a m s c o n d u c te d
o f th e fir s t- y e a r cla ss. T h is d e m o n s tr a te s a s u b s ta n
In a d d it io n t o th e s e s tu d e n ts e n r o lle d in p ro g r a m s
tia l in c r e a s e c o m p a r e d w it h th e d a ta f o r f iv e ye a rs
a f f ilia te d w ith d e n ta l s c h o o ls , 303 fir s t- y e a r s tu d e n ts
ago.
In th e 1 9 6 9 -1 9 7 0 c la ss, fe m a le s
a re
o n ly
1 .3 %
o f th e
fir s t- y e a r
r e p r e s e n te d
e n r o llm e n t .
e n r o lle d
in
b y d e n ta l s c h o o ls (T a b le 4 ).
h o s p ita ls
and
o th e r
in s t it u t io n a l-
r e la te d p ro g r a m s . T h e t o ta l fir s t- y e a r s p e c ia lty e n
B e ca u se
r o llm e n t f o r th e a c a d e m ic y e a r o f 1 9 7 5 -1 9 7 6 is 1,227.
n e a rly h a lf o f th e w o m e n c u r r e n t ly e n r o lle d in d e n -
T h is re p r e s e n ts a d e c re a s e o f 4 %
c o m p a r e d w it h
th e fir s t- y e a r e n r o llm e n t o f t h e 1 9 7 4 -1 9 7 5 a c a d e m ic T a b le 2 ■ 1975-1976. 1974-1975 1975-1976 % in cre a se
y e a r.
E n ro llm e n t o f w o m e n by class, 1974-1975 and
In a d d it io n , th e r e a re 694 fir s t- y e a r s tu d e n ts e n 1st yr
2nd yr
3 rd y r
4 th yr
T o ta l
r o lle d in g e n e r a l p r a c tic e r e s id e n c y p ro g r a m s . T h is
631 707 12.0
388 603 55.4
202 319 57.9
140 232 65.7
1,361 1,861 36.7
g e n e ra l
to ta l o f 1,921 s tu d e n ts e n r o lle d in e it h e r s p e c ia lty o r 3 8 .7 %
T ab le 3 ■
r e s id e n c y
p ro g r a m s
M in o rity e n ro llm e n t and graduates, 1975-1976.
F irs t yr S e c o n d yr T h ird yr F o u rth yr T o ta l 1975 G ra d u a te s
882 ■ JADA, Vol. 92, May 1976
p r a c tic e
r e p r e s e n ts
o f th e 1 9 7 4-1 9 7 5 g r a d u a tin g cla ss o f 4 ,9 69 .
B la c k
P u e rto R ican
M e x ic a n A m e ric a n
A m e ric a n In d ia n
O rie n ta l
O th e r
T o ta l no. s tu d e n ts
298 258 207 214 977 187
11 7 5 1 24 6
64 67 57 51 239 33
22 12 11 3 48 5
186 145 115 142 588 107
56 47 20 21 144 30
5,763 5,480 4,561 4,963 20,767 4,969
T a b le 5 ■ Full- and part-tim e faculty positions in the dental scho olsaccordin gtod epartm en ts, 1975-1976.
T ab le 4 ■ First-year enrollm ent in advanced education programs, 1975-1976._____________________________________ First-yr e n rollm e nt Flrst-yr enrollm ent S pecialty________________dental school______ non-dental school Dental pu blic health E ndodontics Oral pathology Oral surgery O rthodo ntics P edodontics P eriodontics P rosthodontics Total
4 114 21 112 280 124 159 110 924
31 20 4 111 24 52 19 42 303
BIO-MEDICAL DEPARTMENTS A natom y B io c h e m is t r y B io m a t e r ia ls H is t o lo g y M ic r o b io lo g y P a t h o lo g y (G e n e ra l) P h a rm a c o lo g y P h y s io lo g y O th e r B a s ic S c ie n c e s
F u ll- T im e
P a r t- T im e
F .T .E .*
C L IN IC A L DEPARTMENTS A natom y A n e s t h e s io lo g y B e h a v io r a l S c ie n c e C om m unity D e n t i s t r y D e n ta l A ux. U t i l i z a t i o n D ia g n o s is & T re a tm e n t P la n E m b ry o lo g y E n d o d o n tic s E t h ic s G e n e tic s H o s p i t a l D e n t a l S e r v ic e I n t e r n a l M e d ic in e J u r is p r u d e n c e N u t r i t i on O c c lu s io n O p e r a t iv e D e n t i s t r y O r a l B io lo g y O r a l S u r g e ry O r t h o d o n t ic s P a in fi A n x ie t y C o n t r o l P a th o lo g y ( O r a l) P e d o d o n tic s P e r io d o n t ic s P r a c t i c e A d m in i s t r a t io n P r e v e n t iv e D e n t i s t r y P r o s t h o d o n t ic s ( F ix e d ) P r o s t h o d o n t ic s ( M a x i l l o f a c i a l ) P r o s t h o d o n t ic s (R em ovable) P u b lic H e a lth R a d io lo g y R e s t o r a t iv e S o c io lo g y S p e c ia l P a t i e n t Care S ta tis tic s TEAM O th e r T e a n h in c j A re a s TOTAL
F u ll- T im e
P a r t- T im e
F .T .E .*
TOTAL
D E N T A L S C H O O L T U IT IO N
Table 1 lists the annual tuition paid by dental stu dents in support of their dental education. The av erage annual tuition cost incurred by state residents in all dental schools amounted to $2,206 during the 1975-1976 academic year. The state nonresident paid an average of $2,842 to the dental school. Cate gorically, dental students paid the following average tuitions: public schools—resident $1,362, nonresi dent $2,295; private schools—resident $3,436, non resident $3,640. Figure 3 displays the average tuition for resident students from 1965 to the present. The figure also displays the average cost to the institution for edu cating the same student from 1968 to 1974. The insti tutional cost data were collected by the American Dental Association for the first time in 1968. Al though the tuition rates during the ten-year period have been rising rapidly (from $973 in 1965 to $2,206 in 1975), it must be pointed out that the slope of in crease has been much greater for the institutional cost per student. In 1967, the student paid 14.1% of
y
y
y
DEN TAL S C H O O L FAC U LTY
/
10,000
*-*
8,000 6,000 4.000 2.000
19651966
19661967 — ——
19671968
1968* 1969
19691970
Average institutional cost per
19701971
19711972
19721973
7.20 2.70 13.49 29.98 11.90 63.19 90.42 .65 .80 9.20 10.08 .90 .20 15.65 144.62 21.75 97.78 119.64 ,80 14.66 100.85 139.39 2.40 13.74 127.53 2.10 129.24 5.60 13.67 92.24 .30 7.59 .60 4.30 46.92 1, 431.78
y
r S'
_
27 17 30 223 55 222 415 7 1 40 50 10 2 85 535 37 537 580 4 69 396 603 19 52 451 11 504 43 51 370 1 14 2 19 209 5,691
36.03 22.00 10.96 11.88 34.55 35.85 18.12 20.14 3.61 193.14
the institutional cost of his education, whereas in 1974 he paid only 11.6% of it.
S s/
12.000
26 3 46 178 45 206 2 121 1 S 26 29 4 33 259 122 211 135 5 113 234 275 10 38 249 13 269 8 70 194 3 11 9 58 225 3,239
104 63 50 35 58 135 46 72 11 574
♦ F u ll- T im e E q u iv a le n t
$16,000 14.000
299 221 56 54 246 239 218 259 54 1,646
19731974
19741975
19751976
dental student
Table 5 provides information on faculty positions according to teaching discipline. The biomedical departments in all dental schools reported 1,646 full-time and 574 part-time faculty members. These 574 part-time positions were equivalent to 193.14 full-time positions. A total of 3,239 full-time and 5,691 part-time facul ty positions were filled in the dental school clinical departments. The 5,691 part-time positions repre sent 1,341.78 full-time equivalent positions. With regard to full-time positions, this represents an in crease of 15.9% for the biomedical departments and 9.0% for the clinical departments compared to the data for the 1974-1975 academic year.
Average annual dental school tuition
Fig 3 ■ A verage in s titu tio n a l co st p e r d e n ta l s tu d e n t a nd average annual d e n ta l sch oo l tu itio n .
This re p o rt w as p re p a re d b y James G ra h a m , P hD , o f th e D iv is io n o f E ducational M e a s u re m e n ts , A D A C o u n c il o n D en ta l E ducation.
DENTAL EDUCATION: ADA ANNUAL REPORT ■ 883
in
th e
U n ite d
S ta te s a n d C a n a d a . T h e s u rv e y is c a lle d th e " A n n u a l s u rv e y o f d e n ta l e d u c a tio n a l in s t it u t io n s . "
It w a s
c o n d u c t e d f o r th e f ir s t t im e in 1967. T h e s u rv e y it s e lf is c o m p o s e d o f fiv e p a rts , e a ch o f w h ic h is r e t u r n e d to th e A m e ric a n D e n ta l A s s o c ia tio n a t a s e p a ra te tim e d u r in g th e fa ll s e m e s te r as t h e r e q u e s te d in f o r m a t io n b e c o m e s a v a ila b le . F o l lo w in g th e f o r m a t o f r e c e n t y e a rs , p a r t 1, " G e n e r a l g r a d u a te
in f o r m a t io n , "
re q u e s ts
in f o r m a t io n
on
a d m is s io n s , g ra d u a te s , o p p o r t u n it ie s f o r m in o r itie s , a n d c o n t in u in g e d u c a tio n . P a rt 2 c o n c e rn s in f o r m a t io n
o n d e n ta l s c h o o l fa c u lty . P art 3 tr e a ts th e f i
n a n c ia l r e v e n u e s a n d e x p e n d itu r e s o f th e d e n ta l s c h o o l. P a rt 4 a n d p a r t 5 c o n c e r n a d v a n c e d e d u c a t io n a n d e n r o llm e n t r e s p e c tiv e ly . F ro m th e d a ta c o lle c t e d in th e a n n u a l s u rv e y , an A n n u a l R e p o rt o n D e n t a l E d u c a tio n is p r e p a r e d a n d p u b lis h e d b y t h e A m e r ic a n D e n ta l A s s o c ia tio n . T h is a r t ic le s u m m a r iz e s in p a r t s o m e o f th e in f o r m a t io n c o n ta in e d in t h e c u r r e n t a n n u a l r e p o r t.
D EN TAL S C H O O LS C u r r e n t ly , 54 d e n ta l s c h o o ls in th e U n ite d
S ta te s
a re f u lly o p e r a t io n a l. In a d d it io n , fiv e n e w s c h o o ls a re in v a r io u s s ta g e s o f d e v e lo p m e n t. In th e 1 9 7 5 1976 a c a d e m ic y e a r, t h e U n iv e r s ity o f F lo rid a a n d t h e U n iv e r s it y o f O k la h o m a a c c e p te d t h e ir f o u r t h
T a b le 1 ■ Dental s c h o o l e n ro llm e n t and tu itio n costs, 1975-1976.
P re -d o c to ra l e nro llm e n t Dental Schools Alabama P a c ific C a lifo r n ia , San Francisco C a lifo r n ia , Los Angeles Southern C a lifo r n ia Loma Linda Colorado C onnecticut Georgetown Howard F lo rid a Emory Georgia Loyola Northwestern Southern I l l i n o i s I llin o is Indiana Iowa Kentucky L o u is v ille Louisiana Maryland Harvard Boston T u fts D e tro it Michigan Minnesota M is s is s ip p i M issouri-Kansas C ity Washington (S t. Louis) Creighton Nebraska F a irle ig h Dickinson New Jersey Columbia New York SUNY, Stony Brook SUNY, B u ffa lo N orth C arolina Ohio Case Western Reserve Oklahoma Oregon Temple Pennsylvania P itts b u rg h South C aro lin a Meharry Tennessee Baylor Texas, Houston Texas, San Antonio V ir g in ia Washington (S e attle ) West V ir g in ia Marquette Puerto Rico TOTAL +
880 ■ JADA, Vol. 92, May 1976
F irs t-Y e a r 72 138 88 106 139 73 25 52 150 105 60 104 65 139 105 43 148 130 96 60 89 97 138 20 38 156 99 151 150 25 160 87 75 66 83 64 52 192 24 90 83 200 102 36 83 149 161 134 55 47 78 129 124 152 110 100 63 137 66 5,763
T o ta l
Annual t u i t i o n costs Resident
266 $ 1,200 404 5,100 352 762 421 684 519 3,390 291 3,750 10,634 73 159 350 579 4,400 1,818 396 147 1,392 411 3,100 180 1,400 536 2,990 406 3,885 124 760 530 783 508 892 359 1,030 247 910 334 1,050 374 800 521 1,200 79 3 ,750 103 4 ,900 438 5,735 286 2,600 593 1,600 565 1,590 25 1,100 632 1,150 289 4,465 287 3,475 257 900 3,400 325 195 3,115 206 3,750 584 4,500 69 1,600 353 1,600 329 2,007 748 1,050 396 3,000 107 693 316 1, 208 573 1,900 634 + 4,560 528 2,000 165 1, 200 158 2,500 467 1,600 368 500 491 325 245 300 442 1,670 840 378 241 715 540 3,000 567 218 20,767 AVERAGE $ 2,206
N on-reside] $ 2,400 5,100 1,207 2,184 3,390 3,750 10,634 850 4 ,400 1,818 3,140 3,100 2,800 2,990 3,885 1,904 1,641 1,890 2,150 1,805 1,9 80 2,300 2, 800 3,750 4,900 5, 735 2,600 3,200 4,065 1, 300 2, 230 4, 465 3,475 2,000 3, 400 3,583 3, 750 4 , 500 2,000 2, 000 2, 461 2,100 3,000 1, 493 2, 597 3, 800 4,560 4,000 2, 400 2,500 N/A 1,500 975 900 2, 970 1, 839 1,969 3,000 567 $ 2,842
In fo rm a tio n fo r fo u rth -y e a r is n ot a v a ila b le ; fig u re s fo r those students are based on d is t r ib u tio n o f fir s t - v e a r class in 1972-73.
the AD A annual report fr e s h m a n c la ss, th e U n iv e r s ity o f C o lo r a d o a n d th e
DENTAL STUD EN TS
U n iv e r s it y o f N e w Y o r k a t S to n y B r o o k a c c e p te d s ip p i a c c e p te d its f ir s t cla ss. T h e s e n e w s c h o o ls h a v e
T a b le 1 s h o w s th e e n r o llm e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f p re d o c t o r a l d e n ta l s tu d e n ts a n d t u it io n c o s ts f o r 1 9 7 5 -
t h e ir s e c o n d c la s s , w h ile t h e U n iv e r s ity o f M is s is n o t re a c h e d t h e ir f ir s t - y e a r s t u d e n t c a p a c ity b u t w ill
1976. In th e p r e s e n t a c a d e m ic y e a r, th e n u m b e r o f
d o s o w h e n t h e ir p h y s ic a l fa c ilitie s a re f u lly d e v e l
f ir s t- y e a r
oped.
5 ,7 6 3 . T h is f ir s t - y e a r e n r o llm e n t r e fle c ts an in c re a s e
s tu d e n ts
e n r o lle d
in
d e n ta l
s c h o o ls
is
o f 2 .6 % c o m p a r e d w it h th e 1 9 7 4-1 9 7 5 a c a d e m ic y e a r e n r o llm e n t o f 5 ,6 17 . T h e g r o w t h p a tte r n o f fir s t- y e a r Fig 1 ■ First-year d e n ta l sch o o l e n ro llm e n t and p a rtic ip a tio n in th e D en ta l A d m is s io n
s tu d e n t e n r o llm e n t f r o m 1965 t o 1975 is p r e s e n te d
T e s tin g P rogram .
in F ig u re 1. F ig u re 1 a ls o d is p la y s d a ta o n th e n u m b e r o f c a n d id a te s w h o p a r tic ip a te d in th e D e n ta l A d m is s io n T e s tin g
P ro g ra m
f o r t h e s a m e p e r io d .
A n e x a m in a tio n o f th e g ra p h in d ic a te s th e v a s t in c re a s e in th e a p p lic a n t p o o l in p r o p o r t io n t o th e n u m b e r o f a c c e p te d s tu d e n ts , e s p e c ia lly s in c e 1971. In 1965, 8,0 52 c a n d id a te s p a r t ic ip a t e d in t h e D e n ta l A d m is s io n
T e s tin g
P ro g ra m ,
and
o f th e s e , 3,8 06
w e r e a c c e p te d in t o th e fir s t- y e a r cla ss. T e n y e a rs la te r , in 1975, 2 1 ,3 6 7 c a n d id a te s p a r tic ip a te d in th e D e n ta l A d m is s io n T e s tin g P ro g ra m a n d 5,763 w e r e a c c e p te d . T h is r e p r e s e n ts a d e c re a s e in th e r a tio o f d e n ta l a d m is s io n te s t a p p lic a n ts t o fir s t- y e a r e n r o ll m e n t f r o m 0 .4 7 t o 0 .2 7 . It is d if f ic u lt t o d e t e r m in e th e c a u s e o f th is in c re a s e in th e a p p lic a n t p o o l, b u t i t c a n b e a t t r ib u t e d p a r t ly t o s t u d e n t c h a n g e s in c a r e e r o b je c tiv e s b e c a u s e o f th e p o o r jo b o p p o r t u n i tie s th a t h a v e e x is te d in o t h e r s c ie n c e a n d e d u c a t io n a l f ie ld s d u r in g t h e p a s t f e w y e a rs . T h e t o ta l e n r o llm e n t o f u n d e r g r a d u a te s tu d e n ts in th e 1 9 7 5 -1 9 7 6 a c a d e m ic y e a r w a s 2 0 ,7 6 7 , a n in c re a s e o f 3 .0 % o v e r t h e 1 9 7 4 -1 9 7 5 a c a d e m ic y e a r. T h e s e e n r o llm e n t fig u r e s a re b a s e d n o t o n ly o n th e f o u r - c a le n d a r - y e a r p ro g r a m s b u t a ls o o n th e f o u r a c a d e m ic , th re e - c a le n d a r - y e a r p ro g r a m s . A t p re s e n t, 15 s c h o o ls h a v e a fo u r - a c a d e m ic , th r e e - c a le n d a r- y e a r p r o g r a m , as o p p o s e d t o 14 la s t y e a r. T h e g r o w th p a tte r n o f d e n ta l s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t —
Dent al Admission Test applicants
— ———
First-year dental school enrollment
f r o m 1959 t o 1975 is s h o w n in F ig u re 2. D u r in g th is
DENTAL EDUCATION: ADA ANNUAL REPORT ■ 881
Fig 2 ■ Total e n ro llm e n t in d e n ta l sch oo ls.
1 6 -y e a r p e r io d , t o ta l u n d e r g r a d u a te e n r o llm e n t in
ta l s c h o o ls a re f ir s t- y e a r s tu d e n ts , it ca n b e e x p e c te d
c re a s e d b y 7 ,1 86 s tu d e n ts ; 94% o f th is g r o w t h has
t h a t t h e n u m b e r o f w o m e n d e n ta l s tu d e n ts w ill c o n t in u e t o ris e in th e c o m in g y e a rs .
ta k e n p la c e a fte r 1965. T h e m a jo r p o r t io n o f th e in c re a s e has b e e n r e la te d t o th e a v a ila b ility o f fe d e r a l
T a b le 3 p re s e n ts th e s u m m a r y s ta tis tic s o f m in o r
f u n d s f o r in it ia t in g , e x p a n d in g , a n d im p r o v in g d e n
it y s tu d e n t e n r o llm e n t a n d g ra d u a te s . T h e t o ta l m in
ta l e d u c a tio n s o th a t m o r e d e n ta l p r a c tit io n e r s w ill
o r it y s t u d e n t e n r o llm e n t in c r e a s e d 11% c o m p a r e d
b e g ra d u a te d a n n u a lly . T h e e n r o llm e n t s o f f e m a le
w it h th e d a ta f o r th e 1 9 7 4 -1 9 7 5 a c a d e m ic y e a r. d e n ta l s tu d e n ts f o r
th e a c a d e m ic y e a rs o f 1 9 7 4 -1 9 7 5 a n d 1 9 7 5 -1 9 7 6 a re D E N T A L SP EC IA LTY E D U C A T IO N
s h o w n in T a b le 2. T h is ta b le r e p o r ts th e fe m a le e n r o llm e n t f o r e a c h class as w e ll as th e to ta l fe m a le d e n ta l s c h o o l e n r o llm e n t f o r th e y e a r. T h e p e r c e n t
In th e c u r r e n t a c a d e m ic y e a r, 1 9 7 5 -1 9 7 6 , 924 fir s t -
a g e o f w o m e n in th e fir s t- y e a r class has in c re a s e d
y e a r s tu d e n ts a re e n r o lle d in th e a d v a n c e d s p e c ia lty
1 .1 % th is p a s t y e a r. F e m a le s n o w r e p r e s e n t 12 .3%
p r o g r a m s c o n d u c te d
o f th e fir s t- y e a r cla ss. T h is d e m o n s tr a te s a s u b s ta n
In a d d it io n t o th e s e s tu d e n ts e n r o lle d in p ro g r a m s
tia l in c r e a s e c o m p a r e d w it h th e d a ta f o r f iv e ye a rs
a f f ilia te d w ith d e n ta l s c h o o ls , 303 fir s t- y e a r s tu d e n ts
ago.
In th e 1 9 6 9 -1 9 7 0 c la ss, fe m a le s
a re
o n ly
1 .3 %
o f th e
fir s t- y e a r
r e p r e s e n te d
e n r o llm e n t .
e n r o lle d
in
b y d e n ta l s c h o o ls (T a b le 4 ).
h o s p ita ls
and
o th e r
in s t it u t io n a l-
r e la te d p ro g r a m s . T h e t o ta l fir s t- y e a r s p e c ia lty e n
B e ca u se
r o llm e n t f o r th e a c a d e m ic y e a r o f 1 9 7 5 -1 9 7 6 is 1,227.
n e a rly h a lf o f th e w o m e n c u r r e n t ly e n r o lle d in d e n -
T h is re p r e s e n ts a d e c re a s e o f 4 %
c o m p a r e d w it h
th e fir s t- y e a r e n r o llm e n t o f t h e 1 9 7 4 -1 9 7 5 a c a d e m ic T a b le 2 ■ 1975-1976. 1974-1975 1975-1976 % in cre a se
y e a r.
E n ro llm e n t o f w o m e n by class, 1974-1975 and
In a d d it io n , th e r e a re 694 fir s t- y e a r s tu d e n ts e n 1st yr
2nd yr
3 rd y r
4 th yr
T o ta l
r o lle d in g e n e r a l p r a c tic e r e s id e n c y p ro g r a m s . T h is
631 707 12.0
388 603 55.4
202 319 57.9
140 232 65.7
1,361 1,861 36.7
g e n e ra l
to ta l o f 1,921 s tu d e n ts e n r o lle d in e it h e r s p e c ia lty o r 3 8 .7 %
T ab le 3 ■
r e s id e n c y
p ro g r a m s
M in o rity e n ro llm e n t and graduates, 1975-1976.
F irs t yr S e c o n d yr T h ird yr F o u rth yr T o ta l 1975 G ra d u a te s
882 ■ JADA, Vol. 92, May 1976
p r a c tic e
r e p r e s e n ts
o f th e 1 9 7 4-1 9 7 5 g r a d u a tin g cla ss o f 4 ,9 69 .
B la c k
P u e rto R ican
M e x ic a n A m e ric a n
A m e ric a n In d ia n
O rie n ta l
O th e r
T o ta l no. s tu d e n ts
298 258 207 214 977 187
11 7 5 1 24 6
64 67 57 51 239 33
22 12 11 3 48 5
186 145 115 142 588 107
56 47 20 21 144 30
5,763 5,480 4,561 4,963 20,767 4,969
T a b le 5 ■ Full- and part-tim e faculty positions in the dental scho olsaccordin gtod epartm en ts, 1975-1976.
T ab le 4 ■ First-year enrollm ent in advanced education programs, 1975-1976._____________________________________ First-yr e n rollm e nt Flrst-yr enrollm ent S pecialty________________dental school______ non-dental school Dental pu blic health E ndodontics Oral pathology Oral surgery O rthodo ntics P edodontics P eriodontics P rosthodontics Total
4 114 21 112 280 124 159 110 924
31 20 4 111 24 52 19 42 303
BIO-MEDICAL DEPARTMENTS A natom y B io c h e m is t r y B io m a t e r ia ls H is t o lo g y M ic r o b io lo g y P a t h o lo g y (G e n e ra l) P h a rm a c o lo g y P h y s io lo g y O th e r B a s ic S c ie n c e s
F u ll- T im e
P a r t- T im e
F .T .E .*
C L IN IC A L DEPARTMENTS A natom y A n e s t h e s io lo g y B e h a v io r a l S c ie n c e C om m unity D e n t i s t r y D e n ta l A ux. U t i l i z a t i o n D ia g n o s is & T re a tm e n t P la n E m b ry o lo g y E n d o d o n tic s E t h ic s G e n e tic s H o s p i t a l D e n t a l S e r v ic e I n t e r n a l M e d ic in e J u r is p r u d e n c e N u t r i t i on O c c lu s io n O p e r a t iv e D e n t i s t r y O r a l B io lo g y O r a l S u r g e ry O r t h o d o n t ic s P a in fi A n x ie t y C o n t r o l P a th o lo g y ( O r a l) P e d o d o n tic s P e r io d o n t ic s P r a c t i c e A d m in i s t r a t io n P r e v e n t iv e D e n t i s t r y P r o s t h o d o n t ic s ( F ix e d ) P r o s t h o d o n t ic s ( M a x i l l o f a c i a l ) P r o s t h o d o n t ic s (R em ovable) P u b lic H e a lth R a d io lo g y R e s t o r a t iv e S o c io lo g y S p e c ia l P a t i e n t Care S ta tis tic s TEAM O th e r T e a n h in c j A re a s TOTAL
F u ll- T im e
P a r t- T im e
F .T .E .*
TOTAL
D E N T A L S C H O O L T U IT IO N
Table 1 lists the annual tuition paid by dental stu dents in support of their dental education. The av erage annual tuition cost incurred by state residents in all dental schools amounted to $2,206 during the 1975-1976 academic year. The state nonresident paid an average of $2,842 to the dental school. Cate gorically, dental students paid the following average tuitions: public schools—resident $1,362, nonresi dent $2,295; private schools—resident $3,436, non resident $3,640. Figure 3 displays the average tuition for resident students from 1965 to the present. The figure also displays the average cost to the institution for edu cating the same student from 1968 to 1974. The insti tutional cost data were collected by the American Dental Association for the first time in 1968. Al though the tuition rates during the ten-year period have been rising rapidly (from $973 in 1965 to $2,206 in 1975), it must be pointed out that the slope of in crease has been much greater for the institutional cost per student. In 1967, the student paid 14.1% of
y
y
y
DEN TAL S C H O O L FAC U LTY
/
10,000
*-*
8,000 6,000 4.000 2.000
19651966
19661967 — ——
19671968
1968* 1969
19691970
Average institutional cost per
19701971
19711972
19721973
7.20 2.70 13.49 29.98 11.90 63.19 90.42 .65 .80 9.20 10.08 .90 .20 15.65 144.62 21.75 97.78 119.64 ,80 14.66 100.85 139.39 2.40 13.74 127.53 2.10 129.24 5.60 13.67 92.24 .30 7.59 .60 4.30 46.92 1, 431.78
y
r S'
_
27 17 30 223 55 222 415 7 1 40 50 10 2 85 535 37 537 580 4 69 396 603 19 52 451 11 504 43 51 370 1 14 2 19 209 5,691
36.03 22.00 10.96 11.88 34.55 35.85 18.12 20.14 3.61 193.14
the institutional cost of his education, whereas in 1974 he paid only 11.6% of it.
S s/
12.000
26 3 46 178 45 206 2 121 1 S 26 29 4 33 259 122 211 135 5 113 234 275 10 38 249 13 269 8 70 194 3 11 9 58 225 3,239
104 63 50 35 58 135 46 72 11 574
♦ F u ll- T im e E q u iv a le n t
$16,000 14.000
299 221 56 54 246 239 218 259 54 1,646
19731974
19741975
19751976
dental student
Table 5 provides information on faculty positions according to teaching discipline. The biomedical departments in all dental schools reported 1,646 full-time and 574 part-time faculty members. These 574 part-time positions were equivalent to 193.14 full-time positions. A total of 3,239 full-time and 5,691 part-time facul ty positions were filled in the dental school clinical departments. The 5,691 part-time positions repre sent 1,341.78 full-time equivalent positions. With regard to full-time positions, this represents an in crease of 15.9% for the biomedical departments and 9.0% for the clinical departments compared to the data for the 1974-1975 academic year.
Average annual dental school tuition
Fig 3 ■ A verage in s titu tio n a l co st p e r d e n ta l s tu d e n t a nd average annual d e n ta l sch oo l tu itio n .
This re p o rt w as p re p a re d b y James G ra h a m , P hD , o f th e D iv is io n o f E ducational M e a s u re m e n ts , A D A C o u n c il o n D en ta l E ducation.
DENTAL EDUCATION: ADA ANNUAL REPORT ■ 883
