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Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 2014; 42: 805–806 doi: 10.1111/ceo.12417
Continuing Professional Development RANZCO Fellows can claim CPD points by reading the following two articles which appear in this issue, and answering the five questions. One point is awarded for each set of five questions answered. Please remember to claim your points. Kita Y, Kita R, Takeyama A, Tomita G, Goldberg I. Effect of high myopia on glaucoma diagnostic parameters measured with optical coherence tomography (pp. 722–8). 1. Which one of the following is the current standard OCT parameter for glaucoma diagnosis? (a) Circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL) thickness (b) Ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness (c) Global loss volume (d) All of the above 2. Which of the following shows no significant difference when a comparison is made between a normal eye and highly myopic eye? (a) Axial length (b) GCC thickness (c) Outer retinal thickness (d) Total retinal thickness (e) GCC thickness to outer retinal thickness (G/O) ratio 3. The parameter, using RTVue-100, which is effective for the diagnosis in highly myopic eyes is. . . (a) cpRNFL thickness (b) Global loss volume (c) Focal loss volume (d) GCC thickness (e) All of the above 4. It has been previously reported that the factor that significantly correlates with GCC thickness is. . . .
(a) Axial length (b) Age (c) Outer retinal thickness (d) All of the above 5. Which of the following statements is incorrect about G/O ratio? (a) It is not effective for diagnosing high myopia (b) A significant difference is seen between normal and highly myopic eyes (c) Compared to GCC thickness and cpRNFL thickness, it is less suitable for diagnosing high myopia (d) The healthy high myopia database may become unnecessary if G/O ratio is used for glaucoma diagnosis Gao G, Dai J, Qian Y, Ma F. Meta-analysis of methylprednisolone pulse therapy for Graves’ ophthalmopathy (pp. 769–77). 1. Is intravenous glucocorticoids (IVGC) an effective treatment for Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO)? 2. Is IVGC a safe treatment for Graves’ ophthalmopathy? 3. What about the efficacy of IVGC? 4. What about the tolerability of IVGC? 5. What is the first stage of treatment for patients with GO?
Answers to questions published in previous issue Kagan DB, Gorfinkel NS, Hutnik CML. Mechanisms of selective laser trabeculoplasty: a review (pp. 675– 81). Questions were contributed by author Dov B Kagan. 1. Q: Laser trabeculoplasty involves which of the following mechanisms? (a) Matrix metalloproteinase induction (b) Monocyte recruitment (c) Cytokine secretion (d) Increased cell division (e) All of the above A: (e) All of the above © 2014 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists
2. Q: Which of the following is an accurate definition of selective photothermolysis? (a) A method of confining laser-induced thermal damage to selected pigmented targets within an irradiated tissue (b) A method which is the basis for argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) (c) A method of distributing laser-induced thermal damage to all cell populations within an irradiated tissue (d) a and b (e) b and c
806
CPD Questions
A: (a) A method of confining laser-induced thermal damage to selected pigmented targets within an irradiated tissue 3. Q: Which of the following are principle requirements for selective photothermolysis? (a) Laser duration must not exceed the time required for thermal diffusion into surrounding tissues (b) The desired target must have an intracellular chromophore with greater optical absorption at the laser wavelength than its surrounding tissue (c) ALT must be performed (d) a and b (e) b and c A: (d) a and b 4. Q: Which of the following cytokines are presently known to be secreted after laser trabeculoplasty? (a) Interleukin 1 (IL-1) (b) Interleukin 2 (IL-2) (c) Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (d) a and c (e) All of the above A: (d) a and c 5. Q: Which of the following matrix metalloproteinases are presently known to have increased expression after laser trabeculoplasty? (a) MMP-3 (b) MMP-9 (c) MMP-10 (d) a and b (e) b and c A: (d) a and b Zhou S, Gao J, Xu X. Antivascular endothelial growth factors in the treatment of macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: a metaanalysis (pp. 637–49). 1. Q: Which of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) bind to VEGF-A, VEGF-B and placental growth factor? (a) Aflibercept (b) Bevacizumab
(c) Ranibizumab (d) Pegaptanib A: (a) Aflibercept 2. Q: Which of the following complications of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is associated with upregulated VEGF? (a) Macular oedema (b) Vitreous haemorrhage (c) Neovascularization (d) All of the above A: (d) All of the above 3. Q: In this meta-analysis, which of the following factors was the most important factor related to better visual prognosis following anti-VEGF treatment for CRVO macular oedema? (a) Baseline best-corrected visual acuity or central retinal thickness (b) Age (c) The duration of CRVO (d) The condition of retinal perfusion A: (c) The duration of CRVO 4. Q: Which group of patients might have relatively less BCVA improvement after anti-VEGF injections for CRVO macular oedema? (a) Patients with duration less than one month (b) Patients with duration more than one month and less than three months (c) Patients with duration more than three months and less than six months (d) Patients with duration more than six months A: (d) Patients with duration more than six months 5. Q: What is the main purpose of anti-VEGF therapy in CRVO? (a) To treat the underlying aetiology or causal pathology of CRVO (b) To treat the sequelae of CRVO such as macular oedema and ocular neovascularization (c) To treat both the aetiology and sequelae of CRVO (d) Not clear A: (b) To treat the sequelae of CRVO such as macular oedema and ocular neovascularization
© 2014 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists
Copyright of Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 2014; 42: 805–806 doi: 10.1111/ceo.12417
Continuing Professional Development RANZCO Fellows can claim CPD points by reading the following two articles which appear in this issue, and answering the five questions. One point is awarded for each set of five questions answered. Please remember to claim your points. Kita Y, Kita R, Takeyama A, Tomita G, Goldberg I. Effect of high myopia on glaucoma diagnostic parameters measured with optical coherence tomography (pp. 722–8). 1. Which one of the following is the current standard OCT parameter for glaucoma diagnosis? (a) Circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL) thickness (b) Ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness (c) Global loss volume (d) All of the above 2. Which of the following shows no significant difference when a comparison is made between a normal eye and highly myopic eye? (a) Axial length (b) GCC thickness (c) Outer retinal thickness (d) Total retinal thickness (e) GCC thickness to outer retinal thickness (G/O) ratio 3. The parameter, using RTVue-100, which is effective for the diagnosis in highly myopic eyes is. . . (a) cpRNFL thickness (b) Global loss volume (c) Focal loss volume (d) GCC thickness (e) All of the above 4. It has been previously reported that the factor that significantly correlates with GCC thickness is. . . .
(a) Axial length (b) Age (c) Outer retinal thickness (d) All of the above 5. Which of the following statements is incorrect about G/O ratio? (a) It is not effective for diagnosing high myopia (b) A significant difference is seen between normal and highly myopic eyes (c) Compared to GCC thickness and cpRNFL thickness, it is less suitable for diagnosing high myopia (d) The healthy high myopia database may become unnecessary if G/O ratio is used for glaucoma diagnosis Gao G, Dai J, Qian Y, Ma F. Meta-analysis of methylprednisolone pulse therapy for Graves’ ophthalmopathy (pp. 769–77). 1. Is intravenous glucocorticoids (IVGC) an effective treatment for Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO)? 2. Is IVGC a safe treatment for Graves’ ophthalmopathy? 3. What about the efficacy of IVGC? 4. What about the tolerability of IVGC? 5. What is the first stage of treatment for patients with GO?
Answers to questions published in previous issue Kagan DB, Gorfinkel NS, Hutnik CML. Mechanisms of selective laser trabeculoplasty: a review (pp. 675– 81). Questions were contributed by author Dov B Kagan. 1. Q: Laser trabeculoplasty involves which of the following mechanisms? (a) Matrix metalloproteinase induction (b) Monocyte recruitment (c) Cytokine secretion (d) Increased cell division (e) All of the above A: (e) All of the above © 2014 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists
2. Q: Which of the following is an accurate definition of selective photothermolysis? (a) A method of confining laser-induced thermal damage to selected pigmented targets within an irradiated tissue (b) A method which is the basis for argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) (c) A method of distributing laser-induced thermal damage to all cell populations within an irradiated tissue (d) a and b (e) b and c
806
CPD Questions
A: (a) A method of confining laser-induced thermal damage to selected pigmented targets within an irradiated tissue 3. Q: Which of the following are principle requirements for selective photothermolysis? (a) Laser duration must not exceed the time required for thermal diffusion into surrounding tissues (b) The desired target must have an intracellular chromophore with greater optical absorption at the laser wavelength than its surrounding tissue (c) ALT must be performed (d) a and b (e) b and c A: (d) a and b 4. Q: Which of the following cytokines are presently known to be secreted after laser trabeculoplasty? (a) Interleukin 1 (IL-1) (b) Interleukin 2 (IL-2) (c) Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (d) a and c (e) All of the above A: (d) a and c 5. Q: Which of the following matrix metalloproteinases are presently known to have increased expression after laser trabeculoplasty? (a) MMP-3 (b) MMP-9 (c) MMP-10 (d) a and b (e) b and c A: (d) a and b Zhou S, Gao J, Xu X. Antivascular endothelial growth factors in the treatment of macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: a metaanalysis (pp. 637–49). 1. Q: Which of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) bind to VEGF-A, VEGF-B and placental growth factor? (a) Aflibercept (b) Bevacizumab
(c) Ranibizumab (d) Pegaptanib A: (a) Aflibercept 2. Q: Which of the following complications of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is associated with upregulated VEGF? (a) Macular oedema (b) Vitreous haemorrhage (c) Neovascularization (d) All of the above A: (d) All of the above 3. Q: In this meta-analysis, which of the following factors was the most important factor related to better visual prognosis following anti-VEGF treatment for CRVO macular oedema? (a) Baseline best-corrected visual acuity or central retinal thickness (b) Age (c) The duration of CRVO (d) The condition of retinal perfusion A: (c) The duration of CRVO 4. Q: Which group of patients might have relatively less BCVA improvement after anti-VEGF injections for CRVO macular oedema? (a) Patients with duration less than one month (b) Patients with duration more than one month and less than three months (c) Patients with duration more than three months and less than six months (d) Patients with duration more than six months A: (d) Patients with duration more than six months 5. Q: What is the main purpose of anti-VEGF therapy in CRVO? (a) To treat the underlying aetiology or causal pathology of CRVO (b) To treat the sequelae of CRVO such as macular oedema and ocular neovascularization (c) To treat both the aetiology and sequelae of CRVO (d) Not clear A: (b) To treat the sequelae of CRVO such as macular oedema and ocular neovascularization
© 2014 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists
Copyright of Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
