July 1,

SURGEON-MAJOR GREENE ON CONTINUED FEVER AT ADEN.

1879.]

CONTINUED FEVER AT ADEN. By Surgeon-Major Hubert

Greene, A.M.D. following rough notes of some cases of pyrexia, characterized by very persistent high temperature, have been written in the hope that, though very imperfect, they may possibly contribute in some slight degree toThe

wards the elucidation of the nature of the complex diseases which are usually classed under the head of Continued Fever.

Simple

The circumstances under these

which

occurred

they

are

:?

The 1/14th P. W. 0. Regiment arrived at Aden on the 28th December last, having come direct from Ranikhet, a hill station in the Himalayas, where it had been quartered since March 1877, and where its general health in every respect. On arrival the regiment was distributed as follows:? Steamer Point, one company ; Isthmus, three companies ; Crater, Head-quarters, including Band, and four companies The cases now reported occurred among the latter, but there were also cases of continued fever in the companies at Steamer Point and the Isthmus, which were of the same nature, and at the former station seems

to have

been

remarkably good

apparently one

I

died.

man

examination, but were

was am

not

present

at the

informed that

no

post-mortem

special

lesions

discovered.

unmarried, and

lived under similar circumdistributed almost evenly among the stances,?being different barrack rooms. They were, with one exception, steady, well-conducted men, not given to drink or addicted to vice; and their average service in India was nearly six years. were

all

Various causes have been blamed for the disease. Some observers call it 'acclimatizing fever,' and others, 'sun fever': while not a few lay the onus on sea bathing, or on 'refraction of the sun's rays from the surrounding rock.' To me. however, these names convey no meaning ; and I am inclined to seek for a cause in the insanitary

condition of the settlement which has been allowed, so far as the native portion of the community is concerned, to remain in a state of nature ever since we first occu-pied Aden in 1839. The following table shows the temperature of the air during the first three months of the year. As, however, the observations were taken with an ordinary thermometer, the results must be looked on as only ap-

proximate. 1879.

Maximum.

January, February,

March,

...

... ...

78 79 83

The treatment in the following cases included nourishwith small quantities of wine or brandy.

ing diet,

Case No. 1.?Private C. Gorman, age 27 ; time in India 1 T\ years ; previously healthy ; reported sick 7th January 1879. Symptoms: pyrexia, sleeplessness, debility. Medicine : Diaphoretic mixture every 4th hour. January 8th.?No sleep ; 10 grains quinine administered

.

9th.?20 grains calomel last quinine and diaphoretic.

Minimum. 75 75 77

Range. 3 4

6

Mean of each month.

night;

no

sleep.

Continue

11th.?Same state ; bowels regular ; no abdominal disturbance. To have 10 grains quinine in the morning and 10 more during the day. and a certain of insomnia, this fever presents no characAppetite pretty good; continue any kind.

13th.?Except high temperature, debility, amount ter of

quinine. 14th ?Not cold douche.

well: fever stronger: headache.

so

Apply

15th.?Very low last evening, necessitating exhibition of 2 oz. brandy with soda water. Slept fairly. Diet hitherto has consisted of milk, chicken, lime juice, and ice. Continue treatment, i e., quinine and cold douche to head. 1 Qth.?Headache less : no other

continue

The rest of the garrison, consisting of three batteries of artillery, which have been stationed in Aden upwards of a year, remained free from the disease. The origin of the first case dates from early in January : the other nine cases seemed to commence beThe men tween the 30th January and 10th February.

195

change

; omit douche ;

quinine.

19th.?Absolutely no symptoms except high temperadebility. Ordered 4 oz. Port wine: quinine 5 grains thrice daily.

ture and

26th.?Daring the past week this case has presented no salient symptoms of any kind beyond abnormal temperature. The patient's appetite has been good ; his bowels regular, and he has slept fairly. Since admission he has lost flesh

considerably,

and he looks very ill and

debilitated. 31 st.?Remains in

statu

quo: omit medicine

(qui-

nine). February 3rd.?For some days past there has been sluggishness of bowels : R. Mag. Sulph. 3ss, Ferri Sulph. gr ij, Tinct. zingib. ITlxv , Quinise Sulph. gr. ij, Acid.

Sulph.

Dil.

Aquam ad |i.

Ter die

capiat.

supply Salicylic acid having been obtained, the following was ordered :?R. Sodas Bicarb., Amnion. Carb. ad. gr. v., Acid. Salicylici gr. x., Aqute J i. Bis die of

6th.?A

capiat. 10th.?Medicine omitted.

12^.?Night respects.

sweats have set in. No change in other Bark and Ammonia in efferves-

To have

cence.

March 1st.?Has been gaining ground very slowly since last report, and though the evening temperature is still high, it is thought best to discharge him to light " duty. As he is to proceed to The Isthmus," the change of air may prove beneficial.

THE INDIAN MEDICAL GAZETTE.

j 96

[July 1,

187k

Temperature Chart. January. 10

11

13

Day of disease,

4

5

7

Morning temp...

101-2

101-s

101*4

Evening temp..

104 *5

103

Date.

14

102-8

15

16

19

20

24

9

10

13

14

18

100 100

100

100

102-4

100-2

100

99 6

1

102

1028

103*5 102

102

28

99'8'

100

103, 103 101

100-8

29

30

23

24

99-2 99'2

100

100 100

100-G

February. 6

Date.

Bay of disease

.

25

Morning temperature.

100

Evening temperature.

101

27

I

28

29

30

100

101-2

99

100

101

100-6

102

100

31

102

11

12

13

14

15

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

99 6

100

99

99-2

100

98-5

99"8

99

101-e

101

101

101-2

103

162

23

24

25

26

27

49

50

51

53

54

98'8

99

99

99

07

99

101

100

33

99

101

10

101

....

100

February. Dato.

1G

19

Day of disease

41

44

Morning temperature.

99-8

18-2

Evening temperature.

101-8

102-8

45

101

Case No. 2.?Private J. Greenbury, age 32 ; time in India 8T\ years ; previously healthy ; reported sick 1st February. Suffering from fever, nausea, debility, and loss of sleep. The treatment consisted at first of quinine (20 grs. daily), diaphoretic mixture and Dover's powder at bed time. On the 5th February he was ordered

Salicylic acid with soda and ammonia. February 6th.?Passed a very restless night ; though 20 grs. chloral were given at bed time. 1th.? Suffers from nausea and occasional vomiting of bitter matter : unable to rest at night. To have 3 ij. Liq. Morph. H. S S. 8th.?Bowels constipated : less nausea. Diet consists of milk principally, mixed with lime water. 2th.?No hypnotic yesterday : slept. Still complains of nausea. There is very slight gurgling in right iliac fossa, but no tenderness. Bowels have responded freely to a purge. 10 th.?Feels better; gurgling distinct ; abdomen full ; omit mixture. R Acid salicylic grs. v., Spt. Rect. n\xx., Aqua i. Ter die capiat.

J 12th.?Supply of salicylic acid exhausted. To have 5 grs. of quinine thrice daily. Gurgling nearly gone : bowels regular : stools fairly healthy. 15th.?Seems much better ; appetite good. 17th.?Has had restless nights since last report. 25 grains of chloral were given last night, but seemed to have

100

100

28

101-8

101-8

Complains of pain in his head and ringing quinine. To have an ounce of Inf. Quassias thrice a day. a

bad effect.

in the ears.

Omit

18th.?40 1TI. chlorodynelast night, but no sleep. Skin dry ; tongue foul. Is slightly jaundiced. Vomited last even

ing.

19 th.?Bad night again. Had a calomel and jalap purge last evening, and this morning half an ounce of Warburg's tincture on an empty stomach. Dose to be repeated in three hours. 20th.?No this

morning Warburg.

sleep, ;

but lay

quiet

tongue stained

all night; vomited one? bright yellow. Continue

21sf.?No vomiting since ; no much better. Continue Warburg. a

sleep

; says

22nd.?Slept well. Warburg's tincture to day in drachm doses,

be

he feels

given

thrice

27th.?Much better. Tongue clean : bowels regular : well: appetite good ; no night sweats. Continue medicine. March bth.?Convalescent. Omit medicine.

sleeps

8th ?Still very weak. Not able to walk much as his way under him. Has slight night sweats.

legs give

Ordered Bark and ammonia in effervescence. 25th.?Invalided to Is still

extremely

England

for

weak and anasmic.

change

of climate.

July 1,

SURGEON-MAJOR GREENE ON CONTINUED FEYER AT ADEN.

1879.]

Temperature and Pulse February.

Record.

Date.

Day oI disease

6

7

197

10

Morning temperature.

101-8

101-6

102

101

101

102

101-6

100

Evening temperature.

104

101-8

103-6

102

102-8

101

101

101

102

100

Pulse

13

14

15

16

14

15

16

17

100

100-2

101-2

09-8

99-8

101

102

100-8

100-2

102-4

101-8

103-8

100

100

104

March.

February. 26

27

28

4

10

15

26

27

28

29

33

39

44

101

100

99-6

98-4

98

97*8

99

98

102

100

100

99-2

|

98

99

99'4

92

100

|

76

Date.

17

18

19

22

Day of disease

18

19

20

23

25

Morning temperature..

102

102

103

101

99-6

100-8

Evening temperature.

104

104

101

100

101 2

101*2

Pulse

120

104

112

100

92

102-2

J

|

|

99*8

108

....

Respiration normal.

Case No. 3.?Private R.

India 13TSZ years ;

Sharrack, previously healthy.

February 6th.?This old been

in

hospital

age 46 ; time in

soldier, and Good Templar,

since 31st

January complaining

has of

and loss of appetite. As he is very deaf, it is sometimes difficult to make out his symptoms. He has been taking iron and quinine since admission. 1th.? Temperature last evening was 104?: it is now 104-2?. Has had no sleep, though 20 grains of chloral were given. Omit medicine. R. Acid salicylici gr. x., Ammon. carb. gr. v., Sod? Bicarb, gr. v., Aq. Bis die

debility

ji.

capiat.

8th.?Slight delirium last night ; complains of pain in his chest and cough. Sinapism. 9^7i.?Slept well : 4 stools yesterday ; tongue white with red edges : moist ; abdomen normal.

11 th.?Very restless last night: at times semi-delirious ; slight twitching of the muscles of the extremities.

lias

To have 5 grains of the Salicylic acid.

12th.?Slept quite clear.

quinine

three times

a

day,

in lieu of

well: feels better: spasms gone.

Mind

stool; fasces dark and liquid. 28th.?Has improved: bowels regular ; omit quinine. To have an ounce of Infusion of quassia three times a day. 25th.?Has been free from fever for over a week, but is Transferred to still very weak and unfit for duty. 13^.-8 times at

Steamer Point for

change of air.

March 26th.?Invalided to England, ed at all during the past month.

Has not

improv-

Temperature and Pulse Record. February. Date. 10

Day of disease

9

12

13

11

14

15

Morning temperature

104-2

103-2 104-9 101-8

Evening temperature 104

104*2

103-8

Pulse

104

68

100-6

101-8

80

101

101-2

100

101

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

98'2

98'6

98

98

98*2

98'2

99

99"4

98*2

99

98

99

100-4

100-8

72

Respiration normal.

100

100

08-2 98 99

99

THE INDIAN MEDICAL GAZETTE.

19S

Case No. 4.?Private W. Clinton, age 25 ; time in India 4/j years ; previously healthy. February 6th.?A case of simple pyrexia. Abdomen normal ; bowels somewhat constipated lately. Quinine 5 grs. three times a day. 7th.?Had .20 grains of chloral last night but did not

sleep.

again but no rest. Bowels have given yesterday ; omit quinine. To have 5 grains of Salicylic acid dissolved in spirit three times a day. $th.?Slept a little: no draught; abdomen rather 8th.?Chloral

responded

to a purge

full : otherwise normal. 11th Says he feels very ill. finished, to have quinine again. ?

12th.?Vomiting

set in

Salicylic

yesterday evening,

ceased : feels a little better. 14th.?Profuse nocturnal perspiration. no appetite ; abdomen still rather full.

acid

being

but has

but he slept well, and says he feels much better. Temp, now 99?. Complains of rheumatic pains. 25th.?Feels very weak: has a severe pain across loins ; bowels sluggish ; urine red ; still sweats greatly

night.

at

brick-dust To have Nitrate of potash and spirits of nitric aether in Decoction of scoparium. Also local external applications. March 4th.?Pain gone from back, but located now in left buttock. Urine quite normal ; bowels regular ; sleeps well. 28th.?Urine

16th.?1Tongue very foul: bowels sluggish ; omit quinine. To have Nitro-muriatic acid and chiretta. 17th.? Slept:.but saturated sheets with perspiration. 19

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