http://informahealthcare.com/mdn ISSN: 1940-1736 (print), 1940-1744 (electronic) Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2 ! 2014 Informa UK Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.855918
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Complete mitochondrial genome of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Mitochondrial DNA Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego on 03/31/15 For personal use only.
Feng-Bo Li1*, Hui-Xian Zhang1,2*, Wei-Feng Shen1, Xiao-Yan Xu3, Wei Wang1,4, Jin-E Chen1, Li-Hua He1, and Zhi-Qi Meng1 1
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Sericulture Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China, 2College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China, 3Zhejiang Chemical Industry Research Institute, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China, and 4College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China Abstract
Keywords
We determined the complete mitochondrial genome of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is one of the most destructive polyphagous insect pests worldwide. The genome is 15,383 bp in length (GenBank accession number: KF701043) with an A þ T content of 81.08%, and contains 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes (13 proteincoding genes, 2 rRNA genes and 22 tRNA genes) with the typical arrangement found in Lepidoptera. All the protein-coding genes (PCGs) start with ATN start codon except for cox1, which begins with CGA. Eight PCGs stop with complete termination codons (TAA or TAG), whereas five PCGs use incomplete stop codon T. The A þ T-rich region is located between rrnS and trnM with a length of 326 bp and an A þ T content of 93.87%, and harbors three tandem repeat elements.
Insect, mitogenome, tandem repeat sequences
The common cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most serious polyphagous insect pests worldwide (Qin et al., 2004). Here, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of this insect (GenBank accession number: KF701043). The genome is 15,383 bp long with 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes and an A þ T-rich region (Table 1). Compared with the pupative ancestral arrangement of insects (Clary & Wolstenholme, 1985), the positions of all genes are highly conserved except for trnM, which is translocated to the upstream of the transfer RNA (tRNA) cluster trnI–trnQ. This arrangement is identical to that of other sequenced lepidopteran mitochondrial genomes (Gong et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2013; Yin et al., 2010). As observed in other lepidopteran species, the base composition of S. litura mitochondrial genome is biased toward A þ T (81.08%). The protein-coding genes (PCGs) in S. litura mitochondrial genome are similar in size to their corresponding orthologs in other lepidopteran insects. All the PCGs are initiated by typical ATN codons (ATA for atp8 and nad6, ATG for cox2, atp6, cox3, nad4, nad4L and cob, ATT for nad1, nad2, nad3 and nad5) with the exception of cox1. The cox1 gene uses CGA as start codon as in previously reported mitochondrial *These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence: Zhi-Qi Meng, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Sericulture Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People’s Republic of China. Tel: + 86 571 86404031. Fax: + 86 571 86404031. E-mail: [email protected]
History Received 1 October 2013 Accepted 5 October 2013 Published online 10 January 2014
Table 1. Annotation of the complete mitochondrial genome of S. litura.
Gene
Strand
trnM trnI trnQ nad2 trnW trnC trnY cox1 trnL2 cox2 trnK trnD atp8 atp6 cox3 trnG nad3 trnA trnR trnN trnS2 trnE trnF nad5 trnH nad4 nad4L
þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ
Region 1–68 69–134 132–200 249–1260 1261–1328 1321–1387 1389–1455 1463–2993 2994–3060 3061–3742 3743–3813 3814–3881 3882–4043 4037–4714 4714–5502 5505–5569 5570–5921 5922–5988 5988–6052 6056–6120 6132–6201 6201–6265 6297–6363 6364–8109 8110–8175 8176–9514 9562–9852
Length Anti/start Stop Intergenic (bp) codon codon nucleotides 68 66 69 1012 68 67 67 1531 67 682 71 68 162 678 789 65 352 67 65 65 70 65 67 1746 66 1339 291
CAT GAT TTG ATT TCA GCA GTA CGA TAA ATG CTT GTC ATA ATG ATG TCC ATT TGC TCG GTT GCT TTC GAA ATT GTG ATG ATG
– – – T – – – T – T – – TAA TAA TAA – T – – – – – – TAA – T TAG
0 3 48 0 8 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 2 0 0 1 3 11 1 31 0 0 0 47 6 (continued )
2
F.-B. Li et al.
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
Table 1. Continued
Gene
Mitochondrial DNA Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego on 03/31/15 For personal use only.
trnT trnP nad6 cob trnS1 nad1 trnL1 rrnL trnV rrnS A þ T-rich region
Strand þ þ þ þ –
Region
Length Anti/start Stop Intergenic (bp) codon codon nucleotides
9859–9923 65 9924–9988 65 9997–10,527 531 10,533–11,681 1149 11,682–11,748 67 11,767–12,705 939 12,706-12,773 68 12,774–14,175 1402 14,176-14,243 68 14,244–15,057 814 15,058–15,383 326
TGT TGG ATA ATG TGA ATT TAG – TAC – –
– – TAA TAA – TAA – – – – –
0 8 5 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 –
genomes of Lepidoptera (Gong et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2013; Yin et al., 2010). Eight PCGs stop with complete termination codons (TAA or TAG), whereas five PGCs use an incomplete stop codon T. The S. litura mitochondrial genome contains 22 tRNA genes ranging in size from 65 (trnG, trnR, trnN, trnE, trnT and trnP) to 71 bp (trnK). All the tRNA genes could be folded into a typical cloverleaf secondary structure. Among the 22 tRNA genes, 14 are encoded by the H-strand and eight by the L-strand. The rrnL is 1402 bp in length with an A þ T content of 84.95%, while the rrnS is 814 bp long with an A þ T content of 85.14%. The A þ T content of the two rRNA genes is within the range reported for other lepidopterans. The A þ T-rich region, located between rrnS and trnM, is 326 bp long with an A þ T content of 93.87%. We identified three
tandem repeat elements, which is four 19-bp tandem repeats, two 32-bp tandem repeats and two 36-bp tandem repeats. Additionally, we found the conserved motifs (‘‘ATAGA’’ and poly-T-stretch), which are commonly observed in other lepidopteran mitochondrial genomes.
Declaration of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article. This study was supported by the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (CARS-22-ZJ0108), Fund for the Sci-tech Innovation and Promotion of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2012R06Y01E03) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (20090461404).
References Clary DO, Wolstenholme DR. (1985). The mitochondrial DNA molecule of Drosophila yakuba: Nucleotide sequence, gene organization, and genetic code. J Mol Evol 22:252–71. Gong YJ, Wu QL, Wei SJ. (2013). Complete mitogenome of the Argyrogramma agnata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Mitochondrial DNA 24:391–3. Qin H, Ye Z, Huang S, Ding J, Luo R. (2004). The correlations of the different host plants with preference level, life duration and survival rate of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). Chin J Eco-Agric 12:40–2. Wu QL, Gong YJ, Gu Y, Wei SJ. (2013). The complete mitochondrial genome of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hu¨bner) (Lepodiptera: Noctuidae). Mitochondrial DNA 24:31–3. Yin J, Hong GY, Wang AM, Cao YZ, Wei ZJ. (2010). Mitochondrial genome of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and comparison with other Lepidopterans. Mitochondrial DNA 21:160–9.
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Complete mitochondrial genome of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Mitochondrial DNA Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego on 03/31/15 For personal use only.
Feng-Bo Li1*, Hui-Xian Zhang1,2*, Wei-Feng Shen1, Xiao-Yan Xu3, Wei Wang1,4, Jin-E Chen1, Li-Hua He1, and Zhi-Qi Meng1 1
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Sericulture Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China, 2College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China, 3Zhejiang Chemical Industry Research Institute, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China, and 4College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China Abstract
Keywords
We determined the complete mitochondrial genome of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which is one of the most destructive polyphagous insect pests worldwide. The genome is 15,383 bp in length (GenBank accession number: KF701043) with an A þ T content of 81.08%, and contains 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes (13 proteincoding genes, 2 rRNA genes and 22 tRNA genes) with the typical arrangement found in Lepidoptera. All the protein-coding genes (PCGs) start with ATN start codon except for cox1, which begins with CGA. Eight PCGs stop with complete termination codons (TAA or TAG), whereas five PCGs use incomplete stop codon T. The A þ T-rich region is located between rrnS and trnM with a length of 326 bp and an A þ T content of 93.87%, and harbors three tandem repeat elements.
Insect, mitogenome, tandem repeat sequences
The common cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most serious polyphagous insect pests worldwide (Qin et al., 2004). Here, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of this insect (GenBank accession number: KF701043). The genome is 15,383 bp long with 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes and an A þ T-rich region (Table 1). Compared with the pupative ancestral arrangement of insects (Clary & Wolstenholme, 1985), the positions of all genes are highly conserved except for trnM, which is translocated to the upstream of the transfer RNA (tRNA) cluster trnI–trnQ. This arrangement is identical to that of other sequenced lepidopteran mitochondrial genomes (Gong et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2013; Yin et al., 2010). As observed in other lepidopteran species, the base composition of S. litura mitochondrial genome is biased toward A þ T (81.08%). The protein-coding genes (PCGs) in S. litura mitochondrial genome are similar in size to their corresponding orthologs in other lepidopteran insects. All the PCGs are initiated by typical ATN codons (ATA for atp8 and nad6, ATG for cox2, atp6, cox3, nad4, nad4L and cob, ATT for nad1, nad2, nad3 and nad5) with the exception of cox1. The cox1 gene uses CGA as start codon as in previously reported mitochondrial *These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence: Zhi-Qi Meng, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Sericulture Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People’s Republic of China. Tel: + 86 571 86404031. Fax: + 86 571 86404031. E-mail: [email protected]
History Received 1 October 2013 Accepted 5 October 2013 Published online 10 January 2014
Table 1. Annotation of the complete mitochondrial genome of S. litura.
Gene
Strand
trnM trnI trnQ nad2 trnW trnC trnY cox1 trnL2 cox2 trnK trnD atp8 atp6 cox3 trnG nad3 trnA trnR trnN trnS2 trnE trnF nad5 trnH nad4 nad4L
þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ þ
Region 1–68 69–134 132–200 249–1260 1261–1328 1321–1387 1389–1455 1463–2993 2994–3060 3061–3742 3743–3813 3814–3881 3882–4043 4037–4714 4714–5502 5505–5569 5570–5921 5922–5988 5988–6052 6056–6120 6132–6201 6201–6265 6297–6363 6364–8109 8110–8175 8176–9514 9562–9852
Length Anti/start Stop Intergenic (bp) codon codon nucleotides 68 66 69 1012 68 67 67 1531 67 682 71 68 162 678 789 65 352 67 65 65 70 65 67 1746 66 1339 291
CAT GAT TTG ATT TCA GCA GTA CGA TAA ATG CTT GTC ATA ATG ATG TCC ATT TGC TCG GTT GCT TTC GAA ATT GTG ATG ATG
– – – T – – – T – T – – TAA TAA TAA – T – – – – – – TAA – T TAG
0 3 48 0 8 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 2 0 0 1 3 11 1 31 0 0 0 47 6 (continued )
2
F.-B. Li et al.
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
Table 1. Continued
Gene
Mitochondrial DNA Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Biblioteka Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego on 03/31/15 For personal use only.
trnT trnP nad6 cob trnS1 nad1 trnL1 rrnL trnV rrnS A þ T-rich region
Strand þ þ þ þ –
Region
Length Anti/start Stop Intergenic (bp) codon codon nucleotides
9859–9923 65 9924–9988 65 9997–10,527 531 10,533–11,681 1149 11,682–11,748 67 11,767–12,705 939 12,706-12,773 68 12,774–14,175 1402 14,176-14,243 68 14,244–15,057 814 15,058–15,383 326
TGT TGG ATA ATG TGA ATT TAG – TAC – –
– – TAA TAA – TAA – – – – –
0 8 5 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 –
genomes of Lepidoptera (Gong et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2013; Yin et al., 2010). Eight PCGs stop with complete termination codons (TAA or TAG), whereas five PGCs use an incomplete stop codon T. The S. litura mitochondrial genome contains 22 tRNA genes ranging in size from 65 (trnG, trnR, trnN, trnE, trnT and trnP) to 71 bp (trnK). All the tRNA genes could be folded into a typical cloverleaf secondary structure. Among the 22 tRNA genes, 14 are encoded by the H-strand and eight by the L-strand. The rrnL is 1402 bp in length with an A þ T content of 84.95%, while the rrnS is 814 bp long with an A þ T content of 85.14%. The A þ T content of the two rRNA genes is within the range reported for other lepidopterans. The A þ T-rich region, located between rrnS and trnM, is 326 bp long with an A þ T content of 93.87%. We identified three
tandem repeat elements, which is four 19-bp tandem repeats, two 32-bp tandem repeats and two 36-bp tandem repeats. Additionally, we found the conserved motifs (‘‘ATAGA’’ and poly-T-stretch), which are commonly observed in other lepidopteran mitochondrial genomes.
Declaration of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article. This study was supported by the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (CARS-22-ZJ0108), Fund for the Sci-tech Innovation and Promotion of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2012R06Y01E03) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (20090461404).
References Clary DO, Wolstenholme DR. (1985). The mitochondrial DNA molecule of Drosophila yakuba: Nucleotide sequence, gene organization, and genetic code. J Mol Evol 22:252–71. Gong YJ, Wu QL, Wei SJ. (2013). Complete mitogenome of the Argyrogramma agnata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Mitochondrial DNA 24:391–3. Qin H, Ye Z, Huang S, Ding J, Luo R. (2004). The correlations of the different host plants with preference level, life duration and survival rate of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). Chin J Eco-Agric 12:40–2. Wu QL, Gong YJ, Gu Y, Wei SJ. (2013). The complete mitochondrial genome of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hu¨bner) (Lepodiptera: Noctuidae). Mitochondrial DNA 24:31–3. Yin J, Hong GY, Wang AM, Cao YZ, Wei ZJ. (2010). Mitochondrial genome of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and comparison with other Lepidopterans. Mitochondrial DNA 21:160–9.
