Mitochondrial DNA The Journal of DNA Mapping, Sequencing, and Analysis
ISSN: 1940-1736 (Print) 1940-1744 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/imdn20
Complete mitochondrial genome of cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus) Peng Xu, Quan Zhao, Xia Li, Jun Wang, Ling Guo & Xiao-gang Liu To cite this article: Peng Xu, Quan Zhao, Xia Li, Jun Wang, Ling Guo & Xiao-gang Liu (2014): Complete mitochondrial genome of cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus), Mitochondrial DNA To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2014.905841
Published online: 08 Apr 2014.
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Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=imdn20 Download by: [Deakin University Library]
Date: 16 October 2015, At: 03:49
http://informahealthcare.com/mdn ISSN: 1940-1736 (print), 1940-1744 (electronic) Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2 ! 2014 Informa UK Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.905841
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Complete mitochondrial genome of cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus) Peng Xu1,2*, Quan Zhao2*, Xia Li3, Jun Wang1, Ling Guo1, and Xiao-gang Liu1 College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 2College of Animal Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China, and 3Jinzhou Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
Downloaded by [Deakin University Library] at 03:49 16 October 2015
1
Abstract
Keywords
In this study, we report the basic characteristics of the cattle tick mitochondrial genome, including structural organization and base composition of the rRNAs, tRNAs and protein-coding genes. The total length of the mitogenome was 14,901 bp and its overall base composition was estimated to be 38.8% for A, 40.8% for T, 11.3 % for C, 9.1% for G, respectively, indicating an A-T(79.6 %)-rich feature in Rhipicephalus microplus mitogenome.
Cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus), genome, mitochondrion
The cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, is one of the most widely distributed, and economically, the most important species in Ixodidae. The tick is responsible for severe economic losses since it caused serious blood loss, injection of toxins and tick borne diseases (Solorio et al., 1999). Although chemical acaricides have played an important role in the control of this economically damaging pest, B. microplus developed resistance to major classes of acaricides in several countries as a consequence of extensive use of acaricides (Kunz & Kemp, 1994). Ticks resistance is define as the development of an ability in a strain of some ticks to tolerate doses if a toxicant that would prove lethal to a majority of individuals in a normal population of the same species (Kunz & Kemp, 1994; Li, 2004). In this study, we reported the complete mitogenome of B. microplus. Total length of the complete mitogenome of mexican cattle tick was 14,901 bp, with a genome size similar to vertebrate animals (Jia et al., 2014; Li et al., 2014). The accurate annotated mitochondrial genome sequence was submitted to GenBank with accession number KJ522808. The total length of the protein-coding gene sequences was 10,371 bp. Most protein-coding genes initiated with ATG except for ND2, ND3, COX1 and ATP8 which began with ATT, ND1 and ND5 with TAA, ND4 and ND4L with TAC, ND6 with ATA. Six proteincoding genes terminated with TAA whereas the ND5 gene terminated with AAA and the ND1, ND4 and ND4L genes terminated with ATT. The incomplete stop codon (T– –) was used in COX2, COX3 and Cyt b. The 12S and 16S rRNA genes were 683 bp and 1206 bp in length, respectively (Table 1). The ribosomal subunit genes were located between the tRNA-Leu and
*These two authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence: Ling Guo and Xiao-Gang Liu, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, P.R. China. E-mail: [email protected] (L. Guo); [email protected] (X.-G. Liu)
History Received 5 March 2014 Accepted 15 March 2014 Published online 4 April 2014
Table 1. List of genes encoded by cattle tick mitochondrial genome. Position Gene
From
To
tRNA-Met ND2 tRNA-Trp tRNA-Tyr COX1 COX2 tRNA-Lys tRNA-Asp ATP8 ATP6 COX3 tRNA-Gly ND3 tRNA-Ala tRNA-Arg tRNA-Asn tRNA-Ser tRNA-Glu ND1 tRNA-Leu 16SrRNA tRNA-Val 12SrRNA tRNA-Ile tRNA-Gln tRNA-Phe ND5 tRNA-His ND4 ND4L tRNA-Thr tRNA-Pro ND6 Cytb tRNA-Ser tRNA-Leu tRNA-Cys
1 69 1027 1093 1150 2693 3366 3431 3497 3655 4334 5106 5171 5516 5580 5639 5705 5761 5992 6892 6955 8163 8227 9229 9305 9393 9453 11,104 11,273 12,472 12,754 12,815 12,868 13,328 14,403 14,473 14,842
68 1025 1091 1157 2688 3368 3431 3496 3655 4320 5105 5170 5512 5577 5638 5701 5760 5827 6894 6955 8160 8222 8909 9293 9367 9451 11,103 11,164 12,457 12,723 12,814 12,880 13,161 14,302 14,465 14,534 14,899
Base composition (%) Size (bp) A 68 957 65 65 1539 676 66 66 159 666 772 65 342 62 59 63 56 67 903 64 1206 60 683 65 63 59 1651 61 1185 252 61 66 294 975 63 62 58
38.2 39.3 50.8 35.4 30.1 35.9 34.8 43.9 44.1 33.8 29.8 44.6 30.4 38.7 30.5 34.9 41.1 37.3 35.3 37.5 41.3 41.7 38.5 41.5 44.4 39.0 45.5 41.0 46.2 48.4 36.1 33.3 36.7 32.6 42.9 37.1 48.3
C
G
T
14.7 8.1 7.7 6.1 14.7 14.5 12.1 9.1 9.4 12.4 13.7 4.6 11.4 12.9 11.9 15.9 10.7 8.9 9.3 14.1 9.3 8.3 11.0 7.7 4.8 6.8 10.0 11.5 11.3 11.5 8.2 6.1 9.2 12.9 6.3 12.9 5.2
11.8 4.5 4.6 20.0 14.3 9.8 16.7 9.1 0.6 8.3 10.8 6.2 8.8 11.3 15.2 11.1 7.1 7.5 10.4 14.1 6.3 8.3 7.9 13.9 9.5 6.8 9.1 1.6 8.2 4.0 9.8 16.7 7.5 10.2 7.9 6.4 5.2
35.3 48.1 36.9 38.5 40.9 39.8 36.4 37.9 45.9 45.5 45.7 44.6 49.4 37.1 42.4 38.1 41.1 46.3 45.0 34.3 43.1 41.7 42.6 36.9 41.3 47.4 35.4 45.9 34.3 36.1 45.9 43.9 46.6 44.3 42.9 43.6 41.3
Codons ATT TAA
ATT TAA ATG T– –
ATT TAA ATG TAA ATG T– – ATT TAA
TAA ATT
TAA AAA TAC ATT TAC ATT
ATA TAA ATG T– –
Strand H H H L H H H H H H H H H H H H H H L L L L L H L L L L L L H L H H H L H
2
P. Xu et al.
tRNA-Ile genes and further separated by the tRNA-Val gene. The total base composition of mitogenome of Mexican cattle tick mitochondrial genome is A (38.8 %), T (40.8 %), C (11.3 %) and G (9.1 %). The base compositions present clearly the A–T skew, which is most obvious in the 16S rRNA gene and tRNA genes.
Declaration of interest
Downloaded by [Deakin University Library] at 03:49 16 October 2015
The work was supported by the Liaoning medical university Youth Fund (No. Y2012Z015), the Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Department project (No. 201202132, 2013301003) and the National Key Technology R&D Program in China (Grant No. 2009BADA5B04). The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
References Jia QH, Liu HB, Gu XL, Li JF, Liu YL. (2014). Complete mitochondrial genome of a German Shepherd (Canis lupus familiaris breed German Shepherd) provides insights into genome-wide sequence variations. Mitochondrial DNA 25:1–2. Kunz SE, Kemp DH. (1994). Insecticides and acaricides: Resistance and environmental impact. Rev Sci Technol OIE 13:1249–86. Li AY. (2004). Status of resistance to acaricides in Mexican strains of the Southern cattle Tick, Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Resist Pest Manage Newslett 13:12–17. Li CH, Liu F, Wang L. (2014). The complete mitochondrial genome of the Feral Rock Pigeon (Columba livia breed feral). Mitochondrial DNA 25:1–2. Solorio RJ, Rodrı´guez VRI, Pe´rez GE, Wagner G. (1999). Management factors associated with Babesia bovis seroprevalence in cattle from eastern Yucatan Mexico. Prev Vet Med 40:261–9.
ISSN: 1940-1736 (Print) 1940-1744 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/imdn20
Complete mitochondrial genome of cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus) Peng Xu, Quan Zhao, Xia Li, Jun Wang, Ling Guo & Xiao-gang Liu To cite this article: Peng Xu, Quan Zhao, Xia Li, Jun Wang, Ling Guo & Xiao-gang Liu (2014): Complete mitochondrial genome of cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus), Mitochondrial DNA To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2014.905841
Published online: 08 Apr 2014.
Submit your article to this journal
Article views: 26
View related articles
View Crossmark data
Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=imdn20 Download by: [Deakin University Library]
Date: 16 October 2015, At: 03:49
http://informahealthcare.com/mdn ISSN: 1940-1736 (print), 1940-1744 (electronic) Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2 ! 2014 Informa UK Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.905841
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
Complete mitochondrial genome of cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus) Peng Xu1,2*, Quan Zhao2*, Xia Li3, Jun Wang1, Ling Guo1, and Xiao-gang Liu1 College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 2College of Animal Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China, and 3Jinzhou Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
Downloaded by [Deakin University Library] at 03:49 16 October 2015
1
Abstract
Keywords
In this study, we report the basic characteristics of the cattle tick mitochondrial genome, including structural organization and base composition of the rRNAs, tRNAs and protein-coding genes. The total length of the mitogenome was 14,901 bp and its overall base composition was estimated to be 38.8% for A, 40.8% for T, 11.3 % for C, 9.1% for G, respectively, indicating an A-T(79.6 %)-rich feature in Rhipicephalus microplus mitogenome.
Cattle tick (Rhipicephalus microplus), genome, mitochondrion
The cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, is one of the most widely distributed, and economically, the most important species in Ixodidae. The tick is responsible for severe economic losses since it caused serious blood loss, injection of toxins and tick borne diseases (Solorio et al., 1999). Although chemical acaricides have played an important role in the control of this economically damaging pest, B. microplus developed resistance to major classes of acaricides in several countries as a consequence of extensive use of acaricides (Kunz & Kemp, 1994). Ticks resistance is define as the development of an ability in a strain of some ticks to tolerate doses if a toxicant that would prove lethal to a majority of individuals in a normal population of the same species (Kunz & Kemp, 1994; Li, 2004). In this study, we reported the complete mitogenome of B. microplus. Total length of the complete mitogenome of mexican cattle tick was 14,901 bp, with a genome size similar to vertebrate animals (Jia et al., 2014; Li et al., 2014). The accurate annotated mitochondrial genome sequence was submitted to GenBank with accession number KJ522808. The total length of the protein-coding gene sequences was 10,371 bp. Most protein-coding genes initiated with ATG except for ND2, ND3, COX1 and ATP8 which began with ATT, ND1 and ND5 with TAA, ND4 and ND4L with TAC, ND6 with ATA. Six proteincoding genes terminated with TAA whereas the ND5 gene terminated with AAA and the ND1, ND4 and ND4L genes terminated with ATT. The incomplete stop codon (T– –) was used in COX2, COX3 and Cyt b. The 12S and 16S rRNA genes were 683 bp and 1206 bp in length, respectively (Table 1). The ribosomal subunit genes were located between the tRNA-Leu and
*These two authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence: Ling Guo and Xiao-Gang Liu, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, P.R. China. E-mail: [email protected] (L. Guo); [email protected] (X.-G. Liu)
History Received 5 March 2014 Accepted 15 March 2014 Published online 4 April 2014
Table 1. List of genes encoded by cattle tick mitochondrial genome. Position Gene
From
To
tRNA-Met ND2 tRNA-Trp tRNA-Tyr COX1 COX2 tRNA-Lys tRNA-Asp ATP8 ATP6 COX3 tRNA-Gly ND3 tRNA-Ala tRNA-Arg tRNA-Asn tRNA-Ser tRNA-Glu ND1 tRNA-Leu 16SrRNA tRNA-Val 12SrRNA tRNA-Ile tRNA-Gln tRNA-Phe ND5 tRNA-His ND4 ND4L tRNA-Thr tRNA-Pro ND6 Cytb tRNA-Ser tRNA-Leu tRNA-Cys
1 69 1027 1093 1150 2693 3366 3431 3497 3655 4334 5106 5171 5516 5580 5639 5705 5761 5992 6892 6955 8163 8227 9229 9305 9393 9453 11,104 11,273 12,472 12,754 12,815 12,868 13,328 14,403 14,473 14,842
68 1025 1091 1157 2688 3368 3431 3496 3655 4320 5105 5170 5512 5577 5638 5701 5760 5827 6894 6955 8160 8222 8909 9293 9367 9451 11,103 11,164 12,457 12,723 12,814 12,880 13,161 14,302 14,465 14,534 14,899
Base composition (%) Size (bp) A 68 957 65 65 1539 676 66 66 159 666 772 65 342 62 59 63 56 67 903 64 1206 60 683 65 63 59 1651 61 1185 252 61 66 294 975 63 62 58
38.2 39.3 50.8 35.4 30.1 35.9 34.8 43.9 44.1 33.8 29.8 44.6 30.4 38.7 30.5 34.9 41.1 37.3 35.3 37.5 41.3 41.7 38.5 41.5 44.4 39.0 45.5 41.0 46.2 48.4 36.1 33.3 36.7 32.6 42.9 37.1 48.3
C
G
T
14.7 8.1 7.7 6.1 14.7 14.5 12.1 9.1 9.4 12.4 13.7 4.6 11.4 12.9 11.9 15.9 10.7 8.9 9.3 14.1 9.3 8.3 11.0 7.7 4.8 6.8 10.0 11.5 11.3 11.5 8.2 6.1 9.2 12.9 6.3 12.9 5.2
11.8 4.5 4.6 20.0 14.3 9.8 16.7 9.1 0.6 8.3 10.8 6.2 8.8 11.3 15.2 11.1 7.1 7.5 10.4 14.1 6.3 8.3 7.9 13.9 9.5 6.8 9.1 1.6 8.2 4.0 9.8 16.7 7.5 10.2 7.9 6.4 5.2
35.3 48.1 36.9 38.5 40.9 39.8 36.4 37.9 45.9 45.5 45.7 44.6 49.4 37.1 42.4 38.1 41.1 46.3 45.0 34.3 43.1 41.7 42.6 36.9 41.3 47.4 35.4 45.9 34.3 36.1 45.9 43.9 46.6 44.3 42.9 43.6 41.3
Codons ATT TAA
ATT TAA ATG T– –
ATT TAA ATG TAA ATG T– – ATT TAA
TAA ATT
TAA AAA TAC ATT TAC ATT
ATA TAA ATG T– –
Strand H H H L H H H H H H H H H H H H H H L L L L L H L L L L L L H L H H H L H
2
P. Xu et al.
tRNA-Ile genes and further separated by the tRNA-Val gene. The total base composition of mitogenome of Mexican cattle tick mitochondrial genome is A (38.8 %), T (40.8 %), C (11.3 %) and G (9.1 %). The base compositions present clearly the A–T skew, which is most obvious in the 16S rRNA gene and tRNA genes.
Declaration of interest
Downloaded by [Deakin University Library] at 03:49 16 October 2015
The work was supported by the Liaoning medical university Youth Fund (No. Y2012Z015), the Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Department project (No. 201202132, 2013301003) and the National Key Technology R&D Program in China (Grant No. 2009BADA5B04). The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
References Jia QH, Liu HB, Gu XL, Li JF, Liu YL. (2014). Complete mitochondrial genome of a German Shepherd (Canis lupus familiaris breed German Shepherd) provides insights into genome-wide sequence variations. Mitochondrial DNA 25:1–2. Kunz SE, Kemp DH. (1994). Insecticides and acaricides: Resistance and environmental impact. Rev Sci Technol OIE 13:1249–86. Li AY. (2004). Status of resistance to acaricides in Mexican strains of the Southern cattle Tick, Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Resist Pest Manage Newslett 13:12–17. Li CH, Liu F, Wang L. (2014). The complete mitochondrial genome of the Feral Rock Pigeon (Columba livia breed feral). Mitochondrial DNA 25:1–2. Solorio RJ, Rodrı´guez VRI, Pe´rez GE, Wagner G. (1999). Management factors associated with Babesia bovis seroprevalence in cattle from eastern Yucatan Mexico. Prev Vet Med 40:261–9.
