Biol Trace Elem Res (2014) 159:346–350 DOI 10.1007/s12011-014-9981-z

Comparison of Serum and Tissue Levels of Trace Elements in Different Models of Cervical Cancer Jing Ji & Juan Liu & Haijuan Liu & Yueling Wang

Received: 2 April 2014 / Accepted: 10 April 2014 / Published online: 26 April 2014 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

Abstract Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death by cancer among women worldwide. It is necessary to develop and refine cervical cancer models to more accurately reflect human tumor type. The relevance of cervical cancer to trace element was studied in this paper. By means of quantitative trace element analysis in models and patients with cervical cancer, the tissue and serum levels of trace elements in papillomaviruses-induced cancer models were more similar to that of patients than the levels in models induced by HeLa cell and methylcholanthrene. The results reflect papillomaviruses model most accurately mimic in vivo carcinogenesis of patients with cervical cancer. It will have a superior predictive value over HeLa cell and methylcholanthrene models in preclinical trials. The papillomaviruses-induced cervical cancer can provide more reliable models for testing the efficacy of drugs in treating human cancers. Keywords Trace elements . Animal models . Cervical Cancer . HeLa cell . Methylcholanthrene . HPV

Introduction Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death by cancer among women worldwide, with approximately half a million new cases and over 200,000 deaths each year [1]. Despite improved knowledge of the etiology of cervical cancer, aggressive cytoreductive surgery, and modern combination chemotherapy,

there has been little change in the mortality statistics over the last 30 years. Some investigational anti-cancer drugs or treatments show very encouraging, and sometimes, even spectacular anti-tumor effects in pre-clinical animal model studies often show far less impressive or even no clinical benefit in cancer patients. This disparity is considered one of the more significant handicaps responsible for the well-known difficulty in successfully developing anti-cancer drugs or treatments [2–4]. It is necessary to develop and refine cervical cancer models to more accurately reflect human tumor type. The usefulness of the in vivo models of cancer will depend on how close they replicate the human disease, in its form and in its function [5]. Besides some basic epidemiological facts of cervical cancer, the tissue and serum levels of trace elements should be studied in cancer models. Trace elements are essential for the normal function of different metabolic processes in the body. Recently, studies showed that selenium (Se), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) were essential trace elements and play an important role in the process of malignant tumor incidence and progress [6, 7]. Changes in serum Cu and Zn levels and the Cu/Zn ratio have been found in lung, ovarian, hepatic, breast, and gastrointestinal cancer and lymphoproliferation disorders [8]. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of cervical cancer to trace element, and the levels of trace element (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, and Se) analysis in animal models and patients with cervical cancer were measured by atomic absorption.

J. Ji : H. Liu : Y. Wang (*) Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China e-mail: [email protected]

Materials and Methods

J. Liu Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710003, China

Wistar rats of 40–60 g weight, 3 weeks of age, and female Kunming strain mice weighing 20–22 g were maintained at

Animals

Comparison of Serum and Tissue Levels of Trace Elements

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Table 1 Comparison of serum levels of elements among patients with cervical cancer and animal models induced by HeLa Cells

Table 3 Comparison of serum levels of elements among patients with cervical cancer and animal models induced by MCA

Elements Control group Animal model

Elements Control group Animal model

Cu Zn Fe Mn

0.023±0.004 0.018±0.005 0.08±0.021 0.008±0.006

Ca Se

1.448±0.320 0.021±0.011

Cervical cancer patients

0.002±0.001ab 0.001±0.001ab 0.003±0.001ab 0.001±0.001ab

0.017±0.008 0.015±0.004 0.021±0.011 0.004±0.002

1.009±0.112ab 1.301±0.263 ab 0.0003±0.00012 0.0007±0.00023

Cervical cancer patients

Cu Zn Fe Mn

0.021±0.004 0.019±0.005 0.071±0.021 0.079±0.007

0.009±0.001ab 0.011±0.001ab 0.055±0.002ab 0.053±0.004ab

0.011±0.001 0.012±0.001 0.021±0.011 0.001±0.001

Ca Se

1.439±0.020 0.049±0.009

1.113±0.102ab 0.0028±0.0001ab

1.333±0.281 0.0079±0.0001

The data are presented as mean±SD (n=10 per group)

The data are presented as mean±SD (n=10 per group)

a

Different from control group, P

Comparison of serum and tissue levels of trace elements in different models of cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death by cancer among women worldwide. It is necessary to develop and refine cervical cancer models to more accu...
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