Comparison on plasma Margo

of effects of lauric acid lipids and lipoproteins13

A Denke

and

ABSTRACT lipids

Scott

lipoproteins

of laurie

acid (C 16:0) and oleic acid 14 men by using liquid-formula order.

Lauric

acid

palmitic acid rich sunflower

was

acid

compared

were

(C12:0)

with

on

the effects

(C 18: 1 ) in a metabolic-diet diets fed for 3 wk each

supplied

in a synthetic

plasma

cholesterol-raising

to compare the effects oflauric acid lipid and lipoprotein concentrations,

oil,

of plasma

total

concentrations

cholesterol

as much

and 3.93 0.5 1 mmol/L, in plasma triglycerides and

acid,

hut

LDL

(4.94

± 0.75

palm

concentrations

as potent

cholesterol

J (Yin Nuir

.ln Laurie

acid,

were acid

noted raises

with

oleic

concentrations

1992;56:895-8.

cholesterol-raising

fatty

Saturated fatty acids plasma concentrations (1).

on serum

acid,

an

I 8-carbon

and

concentrations

fatty

acid

(Cl 8:0)

(4-8).

hand,

effects

medium-chain seemingly have 3). Likewise,

(2,

does

not

In contrast,

that palmitic acid (C16:0) and serum cholesterol concentrations

the other

constituents that raise and LDL cholesterol fatty acids share this

For example, length 8-10,

cholesterol

concentrations mon saturated laurie other

property. of carbon

concentrations

dicates crease On

are major dietary of total cholesterol not all saturated

However,

cholesterol-raising rated fatty acids effect

of laurie

raise

acid

(C12:0)

oil

also

are

rich

these

fats. and

Laurie therefore

concentrations. However, to laurie and ;llfl

could

would

Fourteen on the

behave

like

not be expected

in-

(C14:0) in(4, 5, 8, 9).

on cholesterol

in myristic

com45%

acid, whereas coconut oil

acid

(1 7%)

to increase

and

the role action

a medium-chain

acid

.\ii!r

et al (4) assigned

of of

fatty cholesterol

equal

to that

et al (5) 1992:56:895-8.

reported

a cholesterol-raising

of palmitic that Printed

acid laurie

in USA.

and

acid (C

has I992

potential

Upon

kg/m2)

averaged

that

present

ofpalmitic

study

and

was designed

and palmitic acid on plasma both relative to oleic acid,

cholesterol-raising

testinal

tract,

aged

44-7

ward

ofthe

potential.

admission, 25.5

acid,

only

a mild Society

Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/56/5/895/4715546 by guest on 14 February 2018

1 y (63

their ± 2.5.

kidneys,

Affairs

mean

(±SE)

None

had

or endocrine

decompensation. disease and

and

throughout

nitroglycerin

± 5, 1 ± SD)

Veterans’

of cardiovascular of coronary heart

body

index

ofthe

study

or a recent

without

history

any

a history blockers change

taking /-adrenergic blocking agents. and continued to smoke during the

The research protocol Board and informed

was approved consent was

(in

gastroin-

Five patients had took calcium channel the

studied Center,

mass

diseases

system,

were

Medical

in

Seven inves-

by the Institutional obtained from each

subject. Diet.c This

study

was an inpatient,

ing

a liquid-formula

fat,

40%

based

diet.

metabolic-ward The

as carbohydrates

protein.

mended

diet

A multivitamin

dietary

allowance

providing (RDA;

intake

‘

From

Medicine,

was

the Center

for Human

Biochemistry,

and

100%

20%

as

as soy-

of the

recom-

vitamins

was

all the daily energy. During to walk around the hospital form of strenuous physical

adjusted

so that

Nutrition,

Clinical

us-

of energy

and

10) for essential

activity.

energy

40%

glucose),

diet provided were allowed engage in any

The

investigation

supplied

(primarily

also given. The liquid the study, the subjects grounds, but did not

each

Departments

Nutrition,

subject

of Internal

University

of

Texas

Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, and the Veterans’ Affairs Medical Center, Dallas. 2 Supported in part by the Southwestern Medical Foundation and the Moss Heart Foundation, Dallas, and by grants from the Veterans’ Affairs and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute(HL29252). MA Denke 3

myristic

American

men

metabolic

Dallas.

is the

Keys

l-legsted J (liii

acid

cho-

fourth most oil contains

acid and palm-kernel oil contains 47% laurie oils contain only minimal amounts. Because palm-kernel

stearic

evidence

myristic acid in humans

are unclear. Laurie acid is the fatty acid in the diet. Coconut

satulittle

plasma

strong

palmitic acid (8%), it has been difficult to determine laurie acid in contributing to the cholesterol-raising acid

The

Subjects

tigation. Review

humans

no serum

dosage. None were men were smokers

acid

Introduction

lesterol

has

acids.

Methods

mmol/

oil (5. 17 ± 0.65

compared

increasing

for

acid.

KEY WORDS

as did

respectively). No differences or HDL cholesterol. Laurie

cholesterol

is not

as is palmitic

in

which

of myristic

one-third

study of in random

high-laurie

that

ie, only

one-fourth

L [I ± SE]) and LDL cholesterol (3.70 ± 0.57 mmol/L) when compared with high-oleic sunflower oil (4.44 ± 0.54 and 3.31 ± 0.44 mmol/L, respectively), but did not raise total and LDL

total

action,

of palmitic

was provided by palm oil and oleic acid in oleicseed oil. The high-laurie oil resulted in higher

concentrations

cholesterol

acid

M Grundv

The effects

and

and palmitic

recipient Reprints

ofan not

Received

March

Accepted

for

for Clinical

NIH-NHLBI

Clinical

Investigator

Award.

available.

6, 1992.

publication

Nutrition

May

19,

l992.

895

896

DENKE

TABLE I Fatty acid composition Fatty

acid

of the three

AND

diets5

High oleic

High

laurie

High

5

1

0.1 0.1 4.7 2.2 75.8 15.6

palmitic

SD; n = 3

±

maintained

± 0.40

0.3

0.1

± 0.05

1.0 ± 0.05

0.05

2.5

±

2.2

± 0.05

4.3

0.50 0.05

40.1 9.9

± 0.05 ± 0.15

44.4

0.05

±

0.05

±

6.2

±

of methanol:benzene were

then

the fatty

200

acid

(4: 1 , by vol)

tranesterified L

by heating

acetyl

composition

chloride

± 0.05

43.4

illary

0.50

±

had

0.05 0.10

± ±

samples

been

was determined

added.

by gas-liquid with a flameCA) and cap-

column.

Statistical

± 0.05

solution.

the

To

analysis

compare

the

analysis

of variance

verified

by the

three

dietary

was

periods,

carried

out

Wilcox-Shapiro

a repeated-measures

after

normality

normality

test

of data

was

(1 7). When

the

analysis of variance indicated that the results of the diets were different, paired I tests, with Bonferroni correction for multiple measurements, were used. When results are stated to be statis-

weight

throughout

subject

varied

for each

acids

fatty

Finally,

measurements.

a constant

requirements per

43.9

±

volumes

The

chromatography (model 5880 gas chromatograph ionization detector; Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto,

± 0.05

± 0.05

in 2-mL

at 100 #{176}C for 1 h, after

% C12:0 C14:0 C16:0 C18:0 C18:l C18:2

GRUNDY

the study.

The

energy

within

833

ki (200

keal)

periods,

each

lasting

3 wk.

tically significant, the 3, or 0.01 7. All t tests

p value for that were two-tailed.

comparison

was

0.05/