IJSEM Papers in Press. Published March 11, 2015 as doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000186
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology Chryseobacterium shandongense sp. nov., isolated from soil --Manuscript Draft-Manuscript Number:
IJSEM-D-14-00211R1
Full Title:
Chryseobacterium shandongense sp. nov., isolated from soil
Short Title:
Chryseobacterium shandongense sp. nov.
Article Type:
Note
Section/Category:
New taxa - Bacteroidetes
Corresponding Author:
Qing Hong College of Life Science of Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, CHINA
First Author:
Fan Yang
Order of Authors:
Fan Yang Hong-ming Liu Rong zhang Ding-bin chen Xiang wang Shun-peng LI Qing Hong
Manuscript Region of Origin:
CHINA
Abstract:
YF-3T was a Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, yellow-orangepigmented, rod-shaped bacterium. Its best growth conditions were at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain YF-3T was closely related to strains Chryseobacterium hispalense AG13T and Chryseobacterium taiwanense Soil-3-27T with 98.71 % and 96.93 % sequence similarity, respectively. Strain YF-3T contained MK-6 as the main menaquinone and had a polyamine pattern with sym-homospermidine as the major component. Its major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The dominant fatty acids of strain YF-3T were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c). The DNA G+C content of strain YF-3T was 37 mol %. The levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YF-3T and the most closely related strains Chryseobacterium hispalense AG13T and Chryseobacterium taiwanense Soil-3-27T were 31.7 ± 2.1 % and 28.4 ± 5.4 %, respectively. Based on these results, a novel species named Chryseobacterium shandongense sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is YF-3T (=CCTCC AB 2014060T=JCM 30154T).
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1
Chryseobacterium shandongense sp. nov., isolated from soil
2
Fan Yang*, Hong-ming Liu*, Rong Zhang, Ding-bin Chen, Xiang Wang, Shun-peng Li, Qing
3
Hong**
4
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of
5
Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
6 7 8 9 10 11
*These authors contributed equally to this work.
12
**Author for correspondence:
13
Qing Hong
14
E-mail:
[email protected] 15
Subject Category: New Taxa-(Bacteroidetes)
16
Running Title: Chryseobacterium shandongense sp. nov.
17
The 16S rRNA gene sequence has been deposited in the GenBank under accession number
18
KJ644318
19
Four supplementary figures and one supplementary table are available with the online version of
20
this paper.
21
YF-3T
22
yellow-orange-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium. Its best growth conditions were at 30 °C,
23
pH 7.0 and 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed
24
that strain YF-3T was closely related to strains Chryseobacterium hispalense AG13T and
25
Chryseobacterium taiwanense Soil-3-27T with 98.71 % and 96.93 % sequence similarity,
26
respectively. Strain YF-3T contained MK-6 as the main menaquinone and had a polyamine
27
pattern with sym-homospermidine as the major component. Its major polar lipid was
28
phosphatidylethanolamine. The dominant fatty acids of strain YF-3T were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0
29
3-OH, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl) and summed
30
feature 3 (comprising C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c). The DNA G+C content of strain YF-3T was
31
37 mol %. The levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain YF-3T and the most closely
32
related strains Chryseobacterium hispalense AG13T and Chryseobacterium taiwanense
33
Soil-3-27T were 31.7 ± 2.1 % and 28.4 ± 5.4 %, respectively. Based on these results, a novel
34
species named Chryseobacterium shandongense sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is
35
YF-3T (=CCTCC AB 2014060T=JCM 30154T).
was
a
Gram-staining-negative,
non-motile,
non-spore-forming,
36
37
The genus Chryseobacterium represents one of the genera with the fastest growing number of spec
38
genus ies (Herzog et al., 2008) and they could be found in a wide variety of environments. The
39
Chryseobacterium was first described by Vandamme et al. (1994). At the time of writing, it
40
contains 88 species with validly published names (http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/). During 1994-2000,
41
the genus only contained seven species: Chryseobacterium vandamme, C. balustinum, C. gleum, C.
42
indologenes, C. indoltheticum, C. meningosepticum and C. scophthalmum. However, the number
43
of species increased by 45 and 33 during 2001-2010 and 2011-2014, respectively. These newly
44
found members of the genus Chryseobacterium are distributed in a variety of environments, such
45
as roots (Park et al., 2006), lake (Yochan & Kiseong, 2011), clinical samples (Vaneechoutte et al.,
46
2007), soil (Li & Zhu, 2012), sludge (Pires et al., 2010), raw milk (Hantsis-Zacharov & Halpern,
47
2007), midgut of insects (Kämpfer et al., 2010a), food products (including raw cow’s milk, fish,
48
poultry and lactic acid beverages) (Hantsis-Zacharov et al., 2008) and human clinical sources
49
(Yassin et al., 2010). In this paper, strain YF-3T was isolated from soil in Qingdao, Shandong
50
province, China (35° 35′~ 37° 09′ N 119° 30′~121° 00′ E).
51
During the isolation of strains, 10 grams of soil was added in a flask containing 100 ml trypticase
52
soy broth (TSB) and incubated at 30 °C at 150 r.p.m. for 2 days. Trypticase soy agar (TSA) plates
53
were spread with 0.1 ml diluted soil suspension and incubated at 30 °C for 2 days. A
54
yellow-orange-pigmented colony was selected, purified and then the isolate was cultivated at
55
30 °C on the same medium and preserved in 20 % (w/v) glycerol at -80 °C.
56
Strain YF-3T was cultivated on TSA plates at 30 °C for 2 days. The presence of flexirubin-type
57
pigments was investigated by noting whether a color shift occurred when the colony was flooded
58
with 20 % KOH (Fautz & Reichenbach, 1980). Gram-staining was performed by the modified
59
method of Gerhardt et al. (1994). Cell motility was determined according the procedure described
60
by Smibert & Krieg (1994). A colony of strain YF-3T was picked from the last quadrant streak
61
after it was grown on TSA at 30 °C for 24 h. Then the cell morphology and dimensions were
62
determined by transmission electron microscopy (H-7650; Hitachi) (Fig. S1 available as
63
supplementary material in IJSEM Online). Growth at different temperatures (4, 20, 25, 30, 37,
64
42 °C) and different pH values 4-10 (at 1 pH unit intervals) was assessed in TSB, the pH range
65
was buffered with citrate/phosphate buffer or Tris/hydrochloride buffer (Breznak & Costilow,
66
1994). Salt tolerance was investigated on TSB supplemented with 0-9 % (w/v) NaCl (at 1 %
67
intervals). The OD600 value of different treatments was determined after 3 days of incubation in
68
order to evaluate the growth of strain YF-3T. In addition, growth on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar, R2A
69
agar, nutrient agar (NA), cetrimide agar (CA), Simmons’ citrate (SC) agar and MacConkey agar
70
were also evaluated.
71
72
Catalase activity was determined by bubble production with 3 % (v/v) H2O2. Oxidase activity was
73
assayed using filter-paper discs (grade 388; Sartorius) impregnated with 1 % (w/v) solution of N,
74
N, N′, N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (Sigma-Aldrich). A positive result was indicated by the
75
development of a blue-purple color after applying biomass to the filter paper. Antibiotic
76
susceptibility tests were performed with the discs (Hangzhou tianhe Microbial Reagent Co.)
77
diffusion method on TSA plates incubated at 30 °C for 2 days. Strains were considered sensitive
78
when the diameter of the inhibition zone was ≥ 10 mm (Jorgensen & Farrow, 2009). The
79
hydrolysis of DNA, cellulose, starch and casein were investigated as described by Smibert and
80
Krieg (1994). Basic biochemical, enzyme activity and carbon source tests were performed using
81
the API 20NE, the API 20E, the API ZYM systems (bioMérieux) and GN2 MicroPlate (Biolog)
82
according to the manufacturers’ instructions.
83 84
For the analysis of whole-cell fatty acid, strain YF-3T and the reference strains (Chryseobacterium
85
hispalense AG13T and Chryseobacterium taiwanense Soil-3-27T) were grown on TSA at 30 °C for
86
24 h. The biomasses, harvested always from the same sector (the last quadrant streak) were freeze
87
dried, then the fatty acid methyl esters were extracted according to the standard procedure of the
88
Microbial Identification System (MIDI Corporation) (Sasser, 1990). Extracts were analyzed using
89
a Hewlett Packard model 6890 gas chromatograph equipped with a flame-ionization detector
90
(Kämpfer & Kroppenstedt, 1996) and a 5 % phenyl-methyl-silicone capillary column. The
91
extraction for the respiratory quinones was carried out from freeze-dried cell material according to
92
Collins et al. (1977) and determined by HPLC (Tamaoka et al., 1983). Polar lipids were extracted
93
from 100 mg of freeze-dried cell material using a chloroform: methanol: 0.3 % aqueous NaCl
94
mixture 1: 2: 0.8 (v/v/v) (Tindall et al., 2007). Then polar lipids were recovered into the
95
chloroform phase by adjusting the chloroform: methanol: 0.3 % aqueous NaCl mixture to a ratio
96
of 1: 1: 0.9 (v/v/v). Polar lipids were separated by two dimensional silica gel thin layer
97
chromatography. Total lipid material was detected using molybdatophosphoric acid and specific
98
functional groups were detected using spray reagents specific for defined functional groups
99
(Tindall et al., 2007) (DSMZ service, Susanne Verbarg) (Fig. S2 available as supplementary
100
material in IJSEM Online). Cells of strain YF-3T used for polyamine analysis were grown on
101
TSB, harvested at late exponential growth phase and lyophilized. Extraction of polyamines was
102
performed as described by Busse & Auling (1988) and analysis was conducted using the HPLC
103
equipment described by Stolz et al. (2007).
104 105
The genomic DNA of strain YF-3T was extracted and purified according to the method described
106
by Sambrook & Russell, 2001 and the DNA G+C content was determined by reversed-phase
107
HPLC (Tamaoka & Komagata, 1984) using Escherichia coli K-12 as a standard. DNA-DNA
108
hybridizations were performed at 50 °C, with photobiotin-labelled probes in microplate wells, as
109
described by Ezaki et al. (1989). A bioassay plate reader (HTS 7000, Perkin Elmer) was used to
110
measure the fluorescence, and reciprocal experiments were performed with each pair of strains to
111
be investigated. The 16S rRNA gene of strain YF-3T was amplified with bacterial universal
112
primers 27F and 1492R (Lane, 1991). The PCR products were purified using the AxyPrep PCR
113
Purification kit (AxyGen) and were cloned into pMD 19-T Vector. The purified plasmid DNA was
114
sequenced by an automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems, model 3730). Pairwise sequence
115
similarity
116
(http://eztaxon-e.ezbiocloud.net/; Kim et al., 2012). Phylogenetic analysis was performed by using
117
MEGA version 5.0 (Tamura et al., 2011) after multiple alignment of data by CLUSTAL_X
118
(Thompson et al., 1997). Distances were determined through distance options based on Kimura’s
119
two-parameter system (Kimura, 1980). Unrooted trees were constructed via neighbor-joining
120
(Saitou & Nei, 1987) (Fig.1), maximum-parsimony (Fitch, 1971) (Fig.S3 available as
121
supplementary material in IJSEM Online) and maximum-likelihood (Felsenstein, 1981) (Fig.S4
122
available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online) methods. Confidence values for the
123
branches of phylogenetic trees were calculated according to bootstrap analyses (based on 1000
124
resamplings) (Felsenstein, 1985).
was
calculated
with
the
known
sequences
using
the
EzTaxon
server
125
126
YF-3T was Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped (0.5-0.7 μm in width, 2.1-2.3 μm in length),
127
non-spore-forming and non motile. The colony of strain YF-3T on TSA plate was
128
yellow-orange-pigmented, circle, convex, smooth, translucent and shiny, and the colonies were not
129
visible as single entities after prolonged incubation. The best growth conditions of YF-3T were
130
30 °C, 1 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 7.0 in TSB. Good growth also occurred on LB agar and R2A agar;
131
weak growth occurred on NA; no growth occurred on CA, SC agar or MacConkey agar. Resistant
132
to tenebrimycin, streptomycin, amikacin, oxacillin, kanamycin, aztreonam and gentamicin, but
133
sensative to chloromycetin, cefotaxim, spectinomycin, minocycline, levofloxacin, cefuroxime,
134
cefoperazone, cefoxitin, norfloxacin, furadantin, ciprofloxacin, midecamycin, polymyxin B,
135
vancomycin, ofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, benzylpenicillin, cefazolin,
136
cefepime, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ceftazidime, cefalotin and
137
piperacillin. The morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain
138
YF-3T are listed in the species description. The differences between strain YF-3T and reference
139
strains (Chryseobacterium hispalense AG13T and Chryseobacterium taiwanense Soil-3-27T) were
140
given in Table 1.
141 142
The predominant fatty acids of strain YF-3T ( ≥ 5 %) were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, summed
143
feature 9 (comprising iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl) and summed feature 3 (comprising
144
C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), which was consistent with those of the closest phylogenetic
145
neighbours grown under the same conditions. Smaller amounts of anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 3-OH
146
were also present. The detailed fatty acid composition of strain YF-3T is shown in Table 2 in
147
comparison
148
Chryseobacterium taiwanense Soil-3-27T). The polar lipid profile of strain YF-3T consisted of the
149
predominant compounds phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), five unknown lipids (L1-L5) and two
150
unknown aminolipids (AL1 and AL2). The main respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-6.
with
the
reference
strains
(Chryseobacterium
hispalense
AG13T
and
151
Polyamine analysis indicated that sym-homospermidine [43.2 μmol (g dry weight)-1] was the
152
major component and that minor amounts of spermidine [3.1 μmol (g dry weight)-1] and spermine
153
[2.8 μmol (g dry weight)-1] and traces of 1,3-diaminopropane, cadaverine and putrescine [< 0.1
154
μmol (g dry weight)-1] were also present, which is consistent with the characteristics of other
155
members of the genus Chryseobacterium (Hamana & Matsuzaki, 1990; Kämpfer et al., 2003). The
156
DNA G+C content of strain YF-3T was 37 mol%.
157 158
A nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence (1478bp) of strain YF-3T was determined. The
159
similarity analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YF-3T was most closely
160
related to Chryseobacterium hispalense AG13T (98.71 %) and Chryseobacterium taiwanense
161
Soil-3-27T (96.93 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence similarity of 16S rRNA gene
162
indicated the relationship between strain YF-3T and the genus Chryseobacterium (Fig.1).
163
DNA–DNA hybridization was carried out to further determine the taxonomic status of YF-3T with
164
its closest relatives.
165
YF-3T and Chryseobacterium hispalense AG13T and Chryseobacterium taiwanense Soil-3-27T
166
were found to be 31.7 ± 2.1 % and 28.4 ± 5.4 %, respectively (Table. S1 available as
167
supplementary material in IJSEM Online), which were far below the value of 70 % that is
168
commonly accepted do define a new species (Wayne et al., 1987) .
In the present study, the level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain
169 170
Therefore, on the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain YF-3T
171
should represent a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the name
172
Chryseobacterium shandongense sp. nov. is proposed.
173 174
Description of Chryseobacterium shandongense sp. nov.
175
Chryseobacterium shandongense (shan.dong.en′se. N.L. neut. adj. shandongense pertaining to
176
Shandong province, the location of the soil sample from which the type strain was isolated).
177 178
Cells are Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, approximately
179
0.5-0.7 μm in width, 2.1-2.3 μm in length. Best growth occurs on TSA; good growth occurs on
180
LB agar and R2A agar; weak growth occurs on NA; no growth occurs on CA, SC agar or
181
MacConkey agar. Colonies grown 24 h on TSA are about 3 mm in diameter, circular with a shiny
182
surface and entire edges, yellow-orange-pigmented (flexirubin-type, non-diffusible), translucent
183
and mucoid. Growth conditions are 25-37 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum 7.0),
184
with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1 %). Positive for hydrolysis of DNA, starch, casein and for
185
oxidase and catalase activities. Negative for reduction of nitrate and cellulose hydrolysis. In the
186
API 20E and 20NE kits, positive for citrate utilization, acetoin production, indole production,
187
aesculin hydrolysis and gelatin hydrolysis, but negative for arginine dihydrolase, urease, lysine
188
decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, H2S production and tryptophane deaminase. Acid is
189
produced from D-mannose, but not from mannitol, inositol, sorbitol, melibiose, amygdalin,
190
arabinose, N-acetyl-glucosamine or potassium gluconate. In GN2 Microplates, utilization of
191
dextrin, glycogen, Tween 40, Tween 80, adonitol, i-erythritol, D-fructose, L-fucose, gentiobiose,
192
α-D-glucose, α-D-lactose, lactulose, maltose, D-psicose, D-raffinose, L-rhamnose, sucrose,
193
turanose, xylitol, mono-methyl-succinate, acetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, D-galactonic acid,
194
lactone, D-galacturonic acid, D-glucosaminic acid, α-hydroxy butyric acid, β-hydroxy butyric
195
acid, p-hydroxy phenylacetic acid, α-keto butyric acid, D,L-lactic acid, malonic acid, propionic
196
acid, quinic acid, succinic acid, L-alaninamide, L-alanine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid,
197
L-glutamic acid, glycyl-L-aspartic acid, glycyl-L-glutamic acid, L-proline, L-pyroglutamic acid,
198
inosine,
199
glucose-6-phosphate and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine are positive, but not α-cyclodextrin,
200
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, L-arabinose, D-arabitol, D-cellobiose, D-galactose, m-inositol,
201
β-methyl-D-glucoside, D-trehalose, methyl pyruvate, citric acid, formic acid, D-gluconic acid,
202
D-glucuronic acid, γ-hydroxy butyric acid, itaconic acid, α-keto glutaric acid, α-keto valeric acid,
203
D-saccharic acid, sebacic acid, succinamic acid, glucuronamide, D-alanine, L-alanyl-glycine,
204
L-phenylalanine, D-serine, L-threonine, D,L-carnitine, γ-amino butyric acid, phenyethylamine,
205
putrescine or 2-aminoethanol. In API ZYM tests, alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C4), esterase
206
lipase (C8), lipase (C14), leucine aminopeptidase, valine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase,
207
naphtol-AS-Bl-phosphoamidase,
208
aminopeptidase (weak), trypsin (weak), α-chymotrypsin (weak) activities are present, but
209
α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, α-mannosidase, α-fucosidase activities are
210
absent. Menaquinone-6 is the main respiratory quinone. The predominant fatty acids (≥ 5 %) are
211
iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl)
212
and summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c).
213
phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified lipids and two unidentified aminolipids.
214
Sym-homospermidine is the predominant polyamine but minor amounts of spermidine and
215
spermine are also present. The DNA G+C content of strain YF-3T is 37 mol %.
216
thymidine,
2,3-butanediol,
D,L-α-glycerol,
α-glucosidase,
phosphate,
glucose-1-phosphate,
N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase,
cystine
Polar lipids consist of
217
The type strain is YF-3T (=CCTCC AB 2014060T =JCM 30154T), isolated from farmland soil
218
collected from Qingdao city, Shandong province, China.
219 220
Acknowledgements
221
This work was supported by The National High Technology Research and Development Program of
222
China (2012AA101403), Chinese National Natural Science Fund (31370155, J1210056) and The
223
Project for Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province (BE2012749).
224
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319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334
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Fig. 1. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree according to 16S rRNA gene sequences indicating the
336
relationship of strain YF-3T to closely related species of the genus Chryseobacterium. Asterisks
337
indicate branches that were also recovered using maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood
338
algorithms. Bootstrap values more than 70 % (based on 1000 replications) are shown at branch
339
points. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale LMG 9086T was used
340
as outgroups. Bar, 0.01 substitutions per nucleotide position.
341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355
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Table 1. Differential biochemical characteristics of strain YF-3T and closely related species of the
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genus Chryseobacterium.
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Strains: 1, Chryseobacterium shandongense sp. nov. YF-3T; 2, Chryseobacterium hispalense
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AG13T; 3, Chryseobacterium taiwanense BCRC 17412T. All data are from this study.
360
+, Positive; w, weakly positive; -, negative.
361 Characteristic API 20 NE strip: reduction of nitrate L-malic acid β-glucosidase Utilization of (GN 2 plate): L-serine Histidine Dextrin D-Fructose L-Fucose D-Galactose Gentiobiose α-D-Glucose Maltose D-Mannose L-Rhamnose D-Sorbitol D-Glucuronic Acid Inosine L-proline Glycyl-L-AsparticAcid Turanose Enzymatic activities(API ZYM strip): esterase (C4) esterase lipase (C8) lipase (C14) trypsin α-chymotrypsin N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase cystine aminopeptidase
1
2
3
+
+ + -
-
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + -
+ + + w w + w
+ -
+ -
362
Table 2. Fatty acid compositions of strain YF-3T and closely related species of the genus
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Chryseobacterium.
364
Strains: 1, Chryseobacterium shandongense sp. nov. YF-3T; 2, Chryseobacterium hispalense
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AG13T; 3, Chryseobacterium taiwanense BCRC 17412T.
366
percentages of total fatty acids. Fatty acids amounting to less than 1 % of the total fatty acids in all
367
strains are not shown. TR, Trace (less than 1 %); -, not detected/not reported.
C16:0 iso-C15:0 iso-C17:0 anteiso-C15:0 iso-C15:0 3-OH iso-C17:0 3-OH C16:0 3-OH C18:1ω9c C20:1ω9c summed feature 3 summed feature 9
All data are from this study. Values are
1
2
3
1.44 47.06 TR 2.85 2.74 15.06 1.33 1.04 1.71 5.57 13.76
1.31 42.48 TR 1.93 2.68 13.59 1.02 TR 10.54 19.25
1.96 44.17 1.17 TR 4.31 17.92 TR 9.47 16.16
368 369
Summed feature 3 contains C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c. Summed feature 9 contains iso-C17:1 ω9c
370
and/or C16:0 10-methyl.
371 372 373 374
Figure1 Click here to download Figure: Fig.1new.pdf
C. gwangjuense THG-A18T (JN196134)
85*
C. geocarposphaerae 91A-561T (HG738132)
*
C. defluvii B2T (AJ309324) C. yeoncheonense DCY67T (JX141782)
99*
*
C. aahli T68T (JX287893)
*
C. massiliae 90B (AF531766) C. gambrini 5-1St1aT (AM232810)
*
C. daecheongense CPW 406T (AJ457206)
*
C. wanjuense R2A10-2T (DQ256729) C. taiwanense BCRC 17412T (DQ318789)
*
C. gregarium P 461/12T (AM773820) *
*
C. hagamense RHA2-9T (DQ673672) C. camelliae THG C4-1T (JX843771)
71*
98*
Chryseobacterium shandongense YF-3T (KJ644318) C. hispalense AG13T (EU336941)
96* *
C. taeanense PHA3-4T (AY883416) C. taichungense CC-TWGS1-8T (AJ843132) C. vietnamense GIMN1.005T (HM212415)
100
86*
C. gleum ATCC 35910T (ACKQ01000057) C. arthrosphaerae CC-VM-7T (FN398101) C. indologenes LMG 8337T (AM232) C. nakagawai NCTC 13529T (JX100822)
98*
C. lactis NCTC 11390T (JX100821) C.viscerum 687B-08T (FR871426) Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale LMG 9086T (L19156)
0.01
Supplementary Material table S1 and Fig S1-4 Click here to download Supplementary Material Files: supplementary materials Table 1 and FigS1-4.pdf