Skeletal Radiol DOI 10.1007/s00256-014-1883-9
TECHNICAL REPORT
Chemical shift imaging at 3 Tesla: effect of echo time on assessing bone marrow abnormalities F. Del Grande & Ty Subhawong & A. Flammang & L. M. Fayad
Received: 29 October 2013 / Revised: 5 March 2014 / Accepted: 23 March 2014 # ISS 2014
Abstract Objective Our purpose is to test the effect of varied in-phase (IP) and opposed-phase (OP) sequence order on characterizing marrow signal changes at 3T. Materials and methods The study was HIPAA compliant and IRB approved. Informed consent was waived. At 3T, IP and OP sequences were acquired in three patients with biopsyproven osteosarcomas, using two methods: approach 1 (OP acquisition before IP acquisition) and approach 2 (OP after IP). Signal intensity (SI) measurements in 12 locations of biopsy-proven osteosarcoma and in six locations with normal bone marrow were performed independently by two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) was measured within the marrow where there was T1 signal lower than skeletal muscle. A SIR= 20 % was considered negative. Interobserver agreement was measured by the Lin concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Results In 75 % (18/24) of locations within the biopsy-proven tumors, the SIR was >20 % (SI drop more than 20 % in OP compared to IP) using approach 2 and in 100 % (24/24) of the locations the SIR was 10 HU) adrenal masses: does it still have a role? Radiology. 2004;231:711–6. doi:10.1148/radiol.2313030676.
3. Kim JK, Kim SH, Jang YJ, et al. Renal angiomyolipoma with minimal fat: differentiation from other neoplasms at double-echo chemical shift FLASH MR imaging. Radiology. 2006;239:174–80. doi:10.1148/radiol.2391050102. 4. Ma X, Holalkere NS, Kambadakone RA, Mino-Kenudson M, Hahn PF, Sahani DV. Imaging-based quantification of hepatic fat: methods and clinical applications. Radiographics. 2009;29:1253–77. doi:10. 1148/rg.295085186. 5. Zampa V, Cosottini M, Michelassi C, Ortori S, Bruschini L, Bartolozzi C. Value of opposed-phase gradient-echo technique in distinguishing between benign and malignant vertebral lesions. Eur Radiol. 2002;12:1811–8. doi:10.1007/s00330-0011229-6. 6. Eito K, Waka S, Naoko N, Makoto A, Atsuko H. Vertebral neoplastic compression fractures: assessment by dual-phase chemical shift imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;20:1020–4. doi:10.1002/jmri. 20213. 7. Erly WK, Oh ES, Outwater EK. The utility of in-phase/opposedphase imaging in differentiating malignancy from acute benign compression fractures of the spine. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006;27: 1183–8. 8. Schindera ST, Soher BJ, Delong DM, Dale BM, Merkle EM. Effect of echo time pair selection on quantitative analysis for adrenal tumor characterization with in-phase and opposed-phase MR imaging: initial experience. Radiology. 2008;248:140–7. doi:10.1148/radiol. 2481071069. 9. Zajick Jr DC, Morrison WB, Schweitzer ME, Parellada JA, Carrino JA. Benign and malignant processes: normal values and differentiation with chemical shift MR imaging in vertebral marrow. Radiology. 2005;237:590–6. doi:10.1148/radiol. 2372040990. 10. Disler DG, McCauley TR, Ratner LM, Kesack CD, Cooper JA. Inphase and out-of-phase MR imaging of bone marrow: prediction of neoplasia based on the detection of coexistent fat and water. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;169:1439–47. 11. Merkle EM, Dale BM. Abdominal MRI at 3.0 T: the basics revisited. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;186:1524–32. 12. Swartz PG, Roberts CC. Radiological reasoning: bone marrow changes on MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;193:S1–4. Quiz S59. doi:10.2214/AJR.09.7069. 13. Tsushima Y, Dean PB. Characterization of adrenal masses with chemical shift MR imaging: how to select echo times. Radiology. 1995;195:285–6.
TECHNICAL REPORT
Chemical shift imaging at 3 Tesla: effect of echo time on assessing bone marrow abnormalities F. Del Grande & Ty Subhawong & A. Flammang & L. M. Fayad
Received: 29 October 2013 / Revised: 5 March 2014 / Accepted: 23 March 2014 # ISS 2014
Abstract Objective Our purpose is to test the effect of varied in-phase (IP) and opposed-phase (OP) sequence order on characterizing marrow signal changes at 3T. Materials and methods The study was HIPAA compliant and IRB approved. Informed consent was waived. At 3T, IP and OP sequences were acquired in three patients with biopsyproven osteosarcomas, using two methods: approach 1 (OP acquisition before IP acquisition) and approach 2 (OP after IP). Signal intensity (SI) measurements in 12 locations of biopsy-proven osteosarcoma and in six locations with normal bone marrow were performed independently by two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) was measured within the marrow where there was T1 signal lower than skeletal muscle. A SIR= 20 % was considered negative. Interobserver agreement was measured by the Lin concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Results In 75 % (18/24) of locations within the biopsy-proven tumors, the SIR was >20 % (SI drop more than 20 % in OP compared to IP) using approach 2 and in 100 % (24/24) of the locations the SIR was 10 HU) adrenal masses: does it still have a role? Radiology. 2004;231:711–6. doi:10.1148/radiol.2313030676.
3. Kim JK, Kim SH, Jang YJ, et al. Renal angiomyolipoma with minimal fat: differentiation from other neoplasms at double-echo chemical shift FLASH MR imaging. Radiology. 2006;239:174–80. doi:10.1148/radiol.2391050102. 4. Ma X, Holalkere NS, Kambadakone RA, Mino-Kenudson M, Hahn PF, Sahani DV. Imaging-based quantification of hepatic fat: methods and clinical applications. Radiographics. 2009;29:1253–77. doi:10. 1148/rg.295085186. 5. Zampa V, Cosottini M, Michelassi C, Ortori S, Bruschini L, Bartolozzi C. Value of opposed-phase gradient-echo technique in distinguishing between benign and malignant vertebral lesions. Eur Radiol. 2002;12:1811–8. doi:10.1007/s00330-0011229-6. 6. Eito K, Waka S, Naoko N, Makoto A, Atsuko H. Vertebral neoplastic compression fractures: assessment by dual-phase chemical shift imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;20:1020–4. doi:10.1002/jmri. 20213. 7. Erly WK, Oh ES, Outwater EK. The utility of in-phase/opposedphase imaging in differentiating malignancy from acute benign compression fractures of the spine. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006;27: 1183–8. 8. Schindera ST, Soher BJ, Delong DM, Dale BM, Merkle EM. Effect of echo time pair selection on quantitative analysis for adrenal tumor characterization with in-phase and opposed-phase MR imaging: initial experience. Radiology. 2008;248:140–7. doi:10.1148/radiol. 2481071069. 9. Zajick Jr DC, Morrison WB, Schweitzer ME, Parellada JA, Carrino JA. Benign and malignant processes: normal values and differentiation with chemical shift MR imaging in vertebral marrow. Radiology. 2005;237:590–6. doi:10.1148/radiol. 2372040990. 10. Disler DG, McCauley TR, Ratner LM, Kesack CD, Cooper JA. Inphase and out-of-phase MR imaging of bone marrow: prediction of neoplasia based on the detection of coexistent fat and water. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;169:1439–47. 11. Merkle EM, Dale BM. Abdominal MRI at 3.0 T: the basics revisited. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;186:1524–32. 12. Swartz PG, Roberts CC. Radiological reasoning: bone marrow changes on MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;193:S1–4. Quiz S59. doi:10.2214/AJR.09.7069. 13. Tsushima Y, Dean PB. Characterization of adrenal masses with chemical shift MR imaging: how to select echo times. Radiology. 1995;195:285–6.
