PEDIATRICOBESITY

SHORTCOMMUNICATION

SHORTCOMMUNICATION

doi:10.1111/ijpo.264

Change in sleep duration and proposed dietary risk factors for obesity in Danish school children M. F. Hjorth1, J. S. Quist2, R. Andersen3, K. F. Michaelsen1, I. Tetens3, A. Astrup1, J.-P. Chaput4 and A. Sjödin1

1

Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 3Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark; 4Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada Address for correspondence: Mr MF Hjorth, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected] Study registration: The study was registered in the database http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (no. NCT01457794). Received 21 May 2014; revised 4 July 2014; accepted 15 August 2014

Summary Background: Recent cross-sectional studies found higher consumption of energy-dense foods among children with short sleep duration; however, longitudinal studies examining changes in sleep and diet over time are needed. Objective: This study aimed to investigate prospective associations between changes in objectively measured sleep duration and alterations in proposed dietary risk factors for obesity in 8–11-year-old Danish children. Methods: Four hundred forty-one children recorded dietary intake during seven consecutive days, along with accelerometer measurements estimating sleep duration at baseline and after ∼200 days. Results: Baseline sleep duration did not predict changes in dietary intake or vice versa (all P ≥ 0.69). However, 1-h lower sleep duration was associated with higher intake of added sugar (1.59 E%; P = 0.001) and sugar-sweetened beverages (0.90 E%; P = 0.002) after 200 days with no change in energy density of the diet (P = 0.78). Conclusion: Our results suggest that a negative change in sleep duration is associated with higher intakes of sugar containing foods/beverages. Keywords: Children, diet, overweight, sleep.

Introduction

Methods

Epidemiological evidence shows that short sleep duration is a contributing factor to overweight and obesity among children (1–5), although less evident among toddlers (6,7). Furthermore, recent studies found a higher consumption of energy-dense foods (8,9) as well as higher overall energy intake among children having short sleep durations (7,10). Randomized controlled trials studying the effect of modifications in sleep duration are needed to infer causality but are difficult to conduct. However, longitudinal studies examining whether changes in sleep duration are associated with concomitant changes in dietary risk factors for obesity are more realistic to conduct and can provide valuable knowledge within this area. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate prospective associations between objectively measured sleep duration and proposed dietary risk factors for overweight and obesity in 8–11-year-old Danish school children. We hypothesized that a negative change in sleep duration would be associated with unfavourable dietary changes proposed to be associated with weight gain.

The present sample was based on data from the OPUS (Optimal well-being, development and health for Danish children through a healthy New Nordic Diet) school meal intervention study that investigated the potential health effects of a New Nordic Diet served at nine public schools vs. usual packed lunch (control) in 834 8–11-year-old Danish children. This cluster-randomized crossover design (11) and relevant methods used (3,9) have been described elsewhere. Measurements were performed at baseline, before the end of the first dietary period (day 100) and before the end of the second dietary period (day 200). As the school meal intervention did not affect sleep duration (12), measurements from baseline and day 200 were used in the present paper regardless of randomization status. As some children had insufficient sleep measurements (n = 270) and dietary recordings (n = 179) (i.e. 0–3 days) or extremely low or high reported energy intake (i.e. energy intake divided by basal metabolic rate of

Change in sleep duration and proposed dietary risk factors for obesity in Danish school children.

Recent cross-sectional studies found higher consumption of energy-dense foods among children with short sleep duration; however, longitudinal studies ...
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