suppression-burst activity during the neonatal period. There have been many cases of EIEE associated with neuronal migration disorders reported in the literature. From an etiological point of view we believe that disorders of neuronal migration, including microdysgenesis and defects in dendritic development, could be the causes of the idiopathic cases of EIEE. Therefore, further investigations are required to confIrm this hypothesis. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are indebted to Dr Jose Maria Serratosa (UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California) for his assistance in the preparation of the manuscript.
REFERENCES 1. Roger J, Genton P. The International Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes: its application to childhood epilepsies. In: Ohtahara S, Roger J, eds. International Symposium New Trends in Pediatric Epileptology, Okayama, Japan. Okayama, 1990:4-16. 2. Ohtahara S, Ishida T, Oka E, et al. On the age-dependent epileptic syndromes. The early-infantile encephalopathy with suppression-burst (in Japanese). No To Hattatsu (Tokyo) 1976;8: 270-80. 3. Martin HI, Deroubaix-Tella P, Thelliez P. Encephalopathie epileptique neo-nataie II bouffees periodiques. Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol 1981;11 :397-403. 4. Ohtahara S, Ohtsuka Y, Yamatogi Y, Oka E. The earlyinfantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression-burst: developmental aspects. Brain Dev (Tokyo) 1987;9: 371-6. 5. Aicardi J. The agyria-pachygyria complex: a spectrum of cortical malformations. Brain Dev (Tokyo) 1991;13:1-8. 6. Byrd S, Osborn RE, Radkowski MA. The MR evaluation of pachygyria and associated syndromes. Eur J Radiol 1991; 12:53-9. 7. Prud'homme M, Deram F, Simon D, Bergeron G, Blanckaert D. L'encephalopathie infantile epileptique precoce avec trace electroencephalographique du type "bouffees suppressives". Ann Pidiatr (Paris) 1985;32:730-4. 8. Clarke M, Gill J, Noronha M, McKinlay I. Early infantile encephalopathy with suppression burst: Ohtahara syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 1987;29:520-8. 9. Paladin F, Chiron C, Dulac 0, Plouin P, Ponsot G. Electroencephalographic aspects of hemimegalencephaly. Dev Med Child Neuro11989;31 :377-83. 10. Vigevano F, Bertini E, Boldrini R, et al Hemimegalencephaly and intractable epilepsy: benefits of hemispherectomy. Epilepsia 1989;30:833-43.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Glutamine Level in the Differential Diagnosis of a "Bloody Tap" in Newborn Infants Murat Yurdakok, MD, §afak Goktogan, MD, Giil§en Erdem, MD, Imran Ozalp, MD, Giilsevin Tekinalp, MD, Turgay Co§kun, MD, and Melda
REFERENCES 1. Roger J, Genton P. The International Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes: its application to childhood epilepsies. In: Ohtahara S, Roger J, eds. International Symposium New Trends in Pediatric Epileptology, Okayama, Japan. Okayama, 1990:4-16. 2. Ohtahara S, Ishida T, Oka E, et al. On the age-dependent epileptic syndromes. The early-infantile encephalopathy with suppression-burst (in Japanese). No To Hattatsu (Tokyo) 1976;8: 270-80. 3. Martin HI, Deroubaix-Tella P, Thelliez P. Encephalopathie epileptique neo-nataie II bouffees periodiques. Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol 1981;11 :397-403. 4. Ohtahara S, Ohtsuka Y, Yamatogi Y, Oka E. The earlyinfantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression-burst: developmental aspects. Brain Dev (Tokyo) 1987;9: 371-6. 5. Aicardi J. The agyria-pachygyria complex: a spectrum of cortical malformations. Brain Dev (Tokyo) 1991;13:1-8. 6. Byrd S, Osborn RE, Radkowski MA. The MR evaluation of pachygyria and associated syndromes. Eur J Radiol 1991; 12:53-9. 7. Prud'homme M, Deram F, Simon D, Bergeron G, Blanckaert D. L'encephalopathie infantile epileptique precoce avec trace electroencephalographique du type "bouffees suppressives". Ann Pidiatr (Paris) 1985;32:730-4. 8. Clarke M, Gill J, Noronha M, McKinlay I. Early infantile encephalopathy with suppression burst: Ohtahara syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 1987;29:520-8. 9. Paladin F, Chiron C, Dulac 0, Plouin P, Ponsot G. Electroencephalographic aspects of hemimegalencephaly. Dev Med Child Neuro11989;31 :377-83. 10. Vigevano F, Bertini E, Boldrini R, et al Hemimegalencephaly and intractable epilepsy: benefits of hemispherectomy. Epilepsia 1989;30:833-43.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Glutamine Level in the Differential Diagnosis of a "Bloody Tap" in Newborn Infants Murat Yurdakok, MD, §afak Goktogan, MD, Giil§en Erdem, MD, Imran Ozalp, MD, Giilsevin Tekinalp, MD, Turgay Co§kun, MD, and Melda
