THE ANATOMICAL RECORD 297:65–72 (2014)

Cell Sheet-Based Cardiac Tissue Engineering KATSUHISA MATSUURA,1,2 SHINAKO MASUDA,1 AND TATSUYA SHIMIZU1* Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan 2 Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan 1

ABSTRACT Tissue engineering is indispensable for the advancement of regenerative medicine and the development of tissue models. Cell sheet-based method is one the promising strategies for cardiac tissue engineering. To date, cell sheet transplantation using wide variety of cells has been performed for the treatment of various heart diseases. These cell sheet transplantations have shown to ameliorate cardiac dysfunction and improve symptoms of heart failure. Recent progress of the technologies on the layering of cardiac cell sheets accompanied with vascularization and the large scale cultivation system of embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell is about to turn the fabrication of thickened human cardiac tissue for transplant and tissue models into reality. Anat Rec, 297:65–72, C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 2014. V

Key words: cardiac tissue engineering; cell sheet; vascularization; pluripotent stem cells; bioreactor

Despite recent progress in diagnostic methods, drugs, devices, and surgical therapies, heart diseases are major cause of death in the developed world, and the huge and rapidly expanding costs of medical treatments are a major concern. Recently cell-based therapy in accompanied with the progress in stem cell biology has been rapidly applied for diseases of various organs and these regenerative medicine-based therapies are also widely believed to be the novel therapeutic strategy to severe heart diseases. In many cases in cardiac cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction, cells were transplanted to heart through coronary artery using catheters (Menasche, 2011). One of the reasons for their wildly usage for cardiac cell therapy is that these are relatively easy transplantation approaches to apply since the specific techniques for the manipulation of tissues are not necessary. However, it cannot be denied that these strategies have some limitations in terms of a difficulty to regulate the location of transplanted cells and the poor engraftment, which might lead to the marginal outcomes. One way of overcoming these limitations is to develop bioengineered cardiac tissue grafts using biodegradable scaffolds (Freed et al., 1994). Although some studies reported the bioengineered urinary duct and bladder using the biodegradable scaffolds (Atala et al., 2006; Raya-Rivera et al., 2011), there are few reports describing C 2013 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC. V

the usability of tissue-engineered biodegradable scaffolds in the clinical setting so far. There are some limitations on the usage of biodegradable scaffolds such as (1) insufficient control of vascular network formation for the efficient oxygen and nutrient supply and the waste excretion and (2) transplanted cells injury due to significant immunoreactions following the polymer degradation in the scaffold (Yang et al., 2007). Cell sheet technology using a temperature-responsive culture surface is our original tissue engineering approaches (Fig. 1): “Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide, PIPAAm), a temperature responsive polymer, its copolymer show the hydrophobic state at 37 C and reversibly change to the

Competing interests: Tatsuya Shimizu is a consultant for CellSeed, Inc. *Correspondence to: Tatsuya Shimizu M.D., Ph.D., Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan. Fax: 81333596046. E-mail: [email protected] Received 13 September 2013; Accepted 13 September 2013. DOI 10.1002/ar.22834 Published online 2 December 2013 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).

66

MATSUURA ET AL.

Fig. 1. The schematic illustration of cell sheet-based tissue engineering.

hydrophilic state bellow 32 C. The temperature responsive culture dishes are covalently grafted with PIPAAm. The surface of these dishes is hydrophobic and cells adhere and proliferate at 37 C. However, by lowering temperature below at 32 C, the surface reversibly change to the hydrophilic state and cells cannot adhere to the surface due to the rapid hydration and the swelling of the grafted PIPAAm, which enables collection of a viable monolayer cell sheet with full preservation of the cell-cell contacts and extracellular matrices. This strategy can therefore be utilized to yield a noninvasive harvest of cultured cells as an intact layer cell sheet containing deposited extracellular matrices that can be collected in a non-enzymatic process by simply reducing the culture temperature to below 32 C for

Cell sheet-based cardiac tissue engineering.

Tissue engineering is indispensable for the advancement of regenerative medicine and the development of tissue models. Cell sheet-based method is one ...
555KB Sizes 0 Downloads 0 Views