Sabouraudia (1975), 13, 30-32
C A N I N E R I N G W O R M C A U S E D BY TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM; PROBABLE TRANSMISSION FROM MAN TO ANIMAL T . KUSHIDA AND S. WATANABE
Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, japan.
Med Mycol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by UB Giessen on 12/11/14 For personal use only.
A case of ringworm in a 2-year-old male D a c h s h u n d caused by Trichophyton rubrum is described. T h e owner of this dog h a d tinea pedis probably caused by the same fungus. T h e authors believe that this is the first authenticated case of 7". rubrurn infection in a dog recorded in J a p a n , the infection probably having been acquired from m a n .
Trichophyton rubrum is generally regarded as an anthropophilic fungus and infectious only in man. There have been only a few reports of its isolation from animals and in at least half of them contact with an infected human was known or suspected. Chakraborty, Ghosh & Blank (1954) isolated it from the skin of 1 dog and 2 cows, the first report from animals. Kaplan & G u m p (1958) reported it from a case of ringworm in a Boxer in the United States. Gip & Martin (1964) and Connole (1965) cultured it from the hair of a dog which was without signs of ringworm. More recently Bone & Jackson (1971) have reported its isolation from 9 dogs and 1 cat with nonspecific dermatoses. The present report describes a case of canine ringworm caused by 7-. rubrum. We believe this to be the first report of a case of confirmed infection in a dog in Japan, the infection probably having been transmitted from man to animal. Clinical Findings A 2-year-old male Dachshund in Hyogo Prefecture, J a p a n , was presented for diagnosis and treatment of its skin disease. It had 2 obvious lesions of ringworm, about 25 m m and 9 m m in diameter, on the left lower rib region (fig. 1). Each lesion was an erythematous plaque, with slight pigmentation, moderate itching and dry scaling with loss of hair. The owner stated that these lesions had appeared a few weeks previously and had progressively worsened, and that he himself had suffered from perennial athlete's foot on the soles, sides of the feet and between the toes.
Mycological Findings Direct Examination Hair and skin scrapings were collected from lesions and placed in a drop of 20% K O H solution containing dimethylsulfoxide on a glass slide. There were branched, septate hyphae in the skin scrapings (fig. 2) but the hair was negative microscopically and under Wood's light. The lesions on the owner at this time contained fungal elements.
Culture Results The specimens from the dog and the owner were cultured on Sabouraud-cycloheximide-chloramphenicol agar at 27°C. Colonies grew rather slowly, taking about 4 weeks to attain a diameter of 4 cm. T h e surface of the colony was white, fluffy and radial, and assumed a central navel. T h e reverse of the colony showed a reddishpurple pigment. Microscopically, a n u m b e r of clubbed or sesamoid microconidia, borne singly along the side of the mycelium, and few elongate, multiseptate, smooth and thin-walled macrocondia were seen. Both isolates were transplanted on Difco 30
Figure 1.--Ringworm lesions on the left lower rib region of the dog. Figure 2.--Branched, septate hyphae in the skin scrapings from lesions of the dog x400 Figure 3.--Culture transplants grown on Difco Blood Agar Base, showing clubbed or sesamoid microconidia and smooth, thin-walled, multiseptate, elongate macroconidia, x400
Med Mycol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by UB Giessen on 12/11/14 For personal use only.
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Med Mycol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by UB Giessen on 12/11/14 For personal use only.
32
T. KUSHIDA AND S. WATANABE
Blood A g a r Base in o r d e r to observe increased m a c r o c o n i d i a p r o d u c t i o n (fig. 3). T h e colonies g r o w n on c o r n m e a l dextrose a g a r a n d o a t m e a l dextrose a g a r (So, 1970) developed a characteristic reddish p i g m e n t on the reverse side. O n urease testing (Philpot, 1967), specimens isolated from the d o g a n d m a s t e r d i d not t u r n the m e d i u m red within 7 d a y s after i n o c u l a t i o n ; n o r d i d the s t a n d a r d strain o f T. rubrum, m a i n tained in the a u l h o r s ' laboratory. These m y c o l o g i c a l findings have led us to identify the isolates from the dog a n d the o w n e r as Trichophyton rubrum (Castellani) S a b o u r a u d 1911. Pathogenicity Test F o u r h e a l t h y s h o r t - h a i r e d m o n g r e l dogs, were i n o c u l a t e d on the skin w i t h 2-, rubrum isolated f r o m the affected a n i m a l a n d the owner. Both isolates were p a t h o g e n i c to these h e a l t h y dogs as follows. T h e first evidence of infection, observed b y the 7th day, were e r y t h e m a a n d scaling, a n d microscopically there were h y p h a e in the skin scrapings. T h e m a x i m u m tissue reactions a n d crust f o r m a t i o n were observed between the 14th to 28th day. Clinical signs persisted for a m e a n d u r a t i o n o f 46 days (range 35-56) a n d positive cultures were recovered from all dogs for the d u r a t i o n of the experiment, a p e r i o d of 60 days.
DISCUSSION Trichophyton rubrum has been r e g a r d e d as a non-zoophilic fungus a n d to be infectious only in m a n . I t is p e r h a p s for this reason t h a t few p a p e r s have described infections due to this fungus in animals. K a p l a n et al. (1958) r e p o r t e d a case of r i n g w o r m in a dog caused b y T. rubrum, a n d stated t h a t transmission from the o w n e r to his dog was conceivable on the grounds that the o w n e r h a d tinea pedis due to T. rubrum. I n the present case, it is likely t h a t the infection was t r a n s m i t t e d from the o w n e r to the dog since he h a d obstinate tinea pedis d u e to T. rubrum a n d the dog h a d the h a b i t o f lying d o w n at the owner's b a r e feet at night. I n a d d i t i o n the lesions of the dog arose after s u m m e r s w h e n tbe owner's athlete's foot was worst. T h e isolates from the dog a n d the o w n e r showed the s a m e m o r p h o l o g y a n d physiology, a n d it was p r o v e d t h a t each was p a t h o g e n i c to e x p e r i m e n t a l h e a l t h y dogs. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Bei einem zweij~hrigen m~nnlichen Dachshund traten in der Flankengegend alopezische, schuppende und juckende Hautherde auf. Belm Besitzer bestand seit Jahren eine Fussmykose. Der Hund hatte die Gewohnheit, an den blossen Ffissen seines Herrn zu schlafen. Von den Hautherden des Tieres wurde ein gleiches Trichophyton rubrum isoliert wie yon der Fussmykose der Herrn. Es handelt sich um eines der seltenen Beispiele einer Trichophytie-Infektion vom Menschen auf das Haustier und um die erste Beobachtungeiner T. rubrum Infektion beim Hund in Japan. REFERENCES BONE, W . J . & JACKSON, W. F. (1971). Pathogenic fungi in dermatitis. Veterinary Medicine and Small
Animal Clinician, 66, 140-142. CnAKRABORTY,A. N., Gsosa, S. & BLANK,F. (1954). Isolation of Trichophyton rubrum from animals. Canadian jTournal qf Comparative Medicine and VeterinaryScience, 18, 436-438. CONNOLE, M. D. (1965). Keratinophylic fungi on eats and dogs. Sabouraudia, 4, 45-48. GIP, L. 8~; MARTIN, B. (1964). Isolation of Trichophyton terrestre, Trichophyton mentagrophytesvar. asteroides and Trichophyton rubrum from dogs. Acta Dermato-venereologica, 44, 248-250. KAPLAN, W. & GUMP, R. H. (1958). Ringworm in a dog caused by Trichophyton rubrum. Veterinary Medicine, 53, 139-142. PHmPOT, CHRISTINE, (1967). The differentiation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes from 7". rubrum by a simple urease test. Sabouraudia, 5, 189-193. So, Y. (1970). Factors on pigment production of Trichophyton rubrum. Hifu, 12, 319-325. (in Japanese).
C A N I N E R I N G W O R M C A U S E D BY TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM; PROBABLE TRANSMISSION FROM MAN TO ANIMAL T . KUSHIDA AND S. WATANABE
Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, japan.
Med Mycol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by UB Giessen on 12/11/14 For personal use only.
A case of ringworm in a 2-year-old male D a c h s h u n d caused by Trichophyton rubrum is described. T h e owner of this dog h a d tinea pedis probably caused by the same fungus. T h e authors believe that this is the first authenticated case of 7". rubrurn infection in a dog recorded in J a p a n , the infection probably having been acquired from m a n .
Trichophyton rubrum is generally regarded as an anthropophilic fungus and infectious only in man. There have been only a few reports of its isolation from animals and in at least half of them contact with an infected human was known or suspected. Chakraborty, Ghosh & Blank (1954) isolated it from the skin of 1 dog and 2 cows, the first report from animals. Kaplan & G u m p (1958) reported it from a case of ringworm in a Boxer in the United States. Gip & Martin (1964) and Connole (1965) cultured it from the hair of a dog which was without signs of ringworm. More recently Bone & Jackson (1971) have reported its isolation from 9 dogs and 1 cat with nonspecific dermatoses. The present report describes a case of canine ringworm caused by 7-. rubrum. We believe this to be the first report of a case of confirmed infection in a dog in Japan, the infection probably having been transmitted from man to animal. Clinical Findings A 2-year-old male Dachshund in Hyogo Prefecture, J a p a n , was presented for diagnosis and treatment of its skin disease. It had 2 obvious lesions of ringworm, about 25 m m and 9 m m in diameter, on the left lower rib region (fig. 1). Each lesion was an erythematous plaque, with slight pigmentation, moderate itching and dry scaling with loss of hair. The owner stated that these lesions had appeared a few weeks previously and had progressively worsened, and that he himself had suffered from perennial athlete's foot on the soles, sides of the feet and between the toes.
Mycological Findings Direct Examination Hair and skin scrapings were collected from lesions and placed in a drop of 20% K O H solution containing dimethylsulfoxide on a glass slide. There were branched, septate hyphae in the skin scrapings (fig. 2) but the hair was negative microscopically and under Wood's light. The lesions on the owner at this time contained fungal elements.
Culture Results The specimens from the dog and the owner were cultured on Sabouraud-cycloheximide-chloramphenicol agar at 27°C. Colonies grew rather slowly, taking about 4 weeks to attain a diameter of 4 cm. T h e surface of the colony was white, fluffy and radial, and assumed a central navel. T h e reverse of the colony showed a reddishpurple pigment. Microscopically, a n u m b e r of clubbed or sesamoid microconidia, borne singly along the side of the mycelium, and few elongate, multiseptate, smooth and thin-walled macrocondia were seen. Both isolates were transplanted on Difco 30
Figure 1.--Ringworm lesions on the left lower rib region of the dog. Figure 2.--Branched, septate hyphae in the skin scrapings from lesions of the dog x400 Figure 3.--Culture transplants grown on Difco Blood Agar Base, showing clubbed or sesamoid microconidia and smooth, thin-walled, multiseptate, elongate macroconidia, x400
Med Mycol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by UB Giessen on 12/11/14 For personal use only.
o ~0
f~
Med Mycol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by UB Giessen on 12/11/14 For personal use only.
32
T. KUSHIDA AND S. WATANABE
Blood A g a r Base in o r d e r to observe increased m a c r o c o n i d i a p r o d u c t i o n (fig. 3). T h e colonies g r o w n on c o r n m e a l dextrose a g a r a n d o a t m e a l dextrose a g a r (So, 1970) developed a characteristic reddish p i g m e n t on the reverse side. O n urease testing (Philpot, 1967), specimens isolated from the d o g a n d m a s t e r d i d not t u r n the m e d i u m red within 7 d a y s after i n o c u l a t i o n ; n o r d i d the s t a n d a r d strain o f T. rubrum, m a i n tained in the a u l h o r s ' laboratory. These m y c o l o g i c a l findings have led us to identify the isolates from the dog a n d the o w n e r as Trichophyton rubrum (Castellani) S a b o u r a u d 1911. Pathogenicity Test F o u r h e a l t h y s h o r t - h a i r e d m o n g r e l dogs, were i n o c u l a t e d on the skin w i t h 2-, rubrum isolated f r o m the affected a n i m a l a n d the owner. Both isolates were p a t h o g e n i c to these h e a l t h y dogs as follows. T h e first evidence of infection, observed b y the 7th day, were e r y t h e m a a n d scaling, a n d microscopically there were h y p h a e in the skin scrapings. T h e m a x i m u m tissue reactions a n d crust f o r m a t i o n were observed between the 14th to 28th day. Clinical signs persisted for a m e a n d u r a t i o n o f 46 days (range 35-56) a n d positive cultures were recovered from all dogs for the d u r a t i o n of the experiment, a p e r i o d of 60 days.
DISCUSSION Trichophyton rubrum has been r e g a r d e d as a non-zoophilic fungus a n d to be infectious only in m a n . I t is p e r h a p s for this reason t h a t few p a p e r s have described infections due to this fungus in animals. K a p l a n et al. (1958) r e p o r t e d a case of r i n g w o r m in a dog caused b y T. rubrum, a n d stated t h a t transmission from the o w n e r to his dog was conceivable on the grounds that the o w n e r h a d tinea pedis due to T. rubrum. I n the present case, it is likely t h a t the infection was t r a n s m i t t e d from the o w n e r to the dog since he h a d obstinate tinea pedis d u e to T. rubrum a n d the dog h a d the h a b i t o f lying d o w n at the owner's b a r e feet at night. I n a d d i t i o n the lesions of the dog arose after s u m m e r s w h e n tbe owner's athlete's foot was worst. T h e isolates from the dog a n d the o w n e r showed the s a m e m o r p h o l o g y a n d physiology, a n d it was p r o v e d t h a t each was p a t h o g e n i c to e x p e r i m e n t a l h e a l t h y dogs. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Bei einem zweij~hrigen m~nnlichen Dachshund traten in der Flankengegend alopezische, schuppende und juckende Hautherde auf. Belm Besitzer bestand seit Jahren eine Fussmykose. Der Hund hatte die Gewohnheit, an den blossen Ffissen seines Herrn zu schlafen. Von den Hautherden des Tieres wurde ein gleiches Trichophyton rubrum isoliert wie yon der Fussmykose der Herrn. Es handelt sich um eines der seltenen Beispiele einer Trichophytie-Infektion vom Menschen auf das Haustier und um die erste Beobachtungeiner T. rubrum Infektion beim Hund in Japan. REFERENCES BONE, W . J . & JACKSON, W. F. (1971). Pathogenic fungi in dermatitis. Veterinary Medicine and Small
Animal Clinician, 66, 140-142. CnAKRABORTY,A. N., Gsosa, S. & BLANK,F. (1954). Isolation of Trichophyton rubrum from animals. Canadian jTournal qf Comparative Medicine and VeterinaryScience, 18, 436-438. CONNOLE, M. D. (1965). Keratinophylic fungi on eats and dogs. Sabouraudia, 4, 45-48. GIP, L. 8~; MARTIN, B. (1964). Isolation of Trichophyton terrestre, Trichophyton mentagrophytesvar. asteroides and Trichophyton rubrum from dogs. Acta Dermato-venereologica, 44, 248-250. KAPLAN, W. & GUMP, R. H. (1958). Ringworm in a dog caused by Trichophyton rubrum. Veterinary Medicine, 53, 139-142. PHmPOT, CHRISTINE, (1967). The differentiation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes from 7". rubrum by a simple urease test. Sabouraudia, 5, 189-193. So, Y. (1970). Factors on pigment production of Trichophyton rubrum. Hifu, 12, 319-325. (in Japanese).
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