Arch Womens Ment Health (2014) 17:177–187 DOI 10.1007/s00737-014-0416-9
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Body image satisfaction and depression in midlife women: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Kathryn L. Jackson & Imke Janssen & Bradley M. Appelhans & Rasa Kazlauskaite & Kelly Karavolos & Sheila A. Dugan & Elizabeth A. Avery & Karla J. Shipp-Johnson & Lynda H. Powell & Howard M. Kravitz
Received: 15 August 2013 / Accepted: 10 February 2014 / Published online: 13 March 2014 # Springer-Verlag Wien 2014
Abstract With aging, women’s bodies undergo changes that can affect body image perception, yet little is known about body image in midlife. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between body image and depressive symptoms in Caucasian and African–American midlife women from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
K. L. Jackson Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Center for Healthcare Studies, Chicago, IL, USA I. Janssen : B. M. Appelhans : R. Kazlauskaite : K. Karavolos : S. A. Dugan : E. A. Avery : K. J. Shipp-Johnson : L. H. Powell : H. M. Kravitz Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA B. M. Appelhans : L. H. Powell Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA R. Kazlauskaite Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Preventive Cardiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA S. A. Dugan Department of Physical Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA L. H. Powell Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA L. H. Powell Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA H. M. Kravitz (*) Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Rush West Campus, 2150 West Harrison Street Room 275, Chicago, IL 60612, USA e-mail: [email protected]
(SWAN) Chicago site. Body image was measured using the Stunkard Adult Female Figure Rating Scale, and a clinically significant level of depressive symptoms was defined as Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score of ≥16 (N=405; N=63 (15.6 %) with clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms). Differences between perceived actual, perceived ideal, and actual body size and responses to questions concerning weight satisfaction and attractiveness were examined using logistic regression for associations with a CES-D score of ≥16. Women with body image dissatisfaction (odds ratio (OR)=1.91; p=0.04) or who perceived themselves as “unattractive” (OR=7.74; p
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Body image satisfaction and depression in midlife women: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Kathryn L. Jackson & Imke Janssen & Bradley M. Appelhans & Rasa Kazlauskaite & Kelly Karavolos & Sheila A. Dugan & Elizabeth A. Avery & Karla J. Shipp-Johnson & Lynda H. Powell & Howard M. Kravitz
Received: 15 August 2013 / Accepted: 10 February 2014 / Published online: 13 March 2014 # Springer-Verlag Wien 2014
Abstract With aging, women’s bodies undergo changes that can affect body image perception, yet little is known about body image in midlife. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between body image and depressive symptoms in Caucasian and African–American midlife women from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
K. L. Jackson Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Center for Healthcare Studies, Chicago, IL, USA I. Janssen : B. M. Appelhans : R. Kazlauskaite : K. Karavolos : S. A. Dugan : E. A. Avery : K. J. Shipp-Johnson : L. H. Powell : H. M. Kravitz Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA B. M. Appelhans : L. H. Powell Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA R. Kazlauskaite Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Preventive Cardiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA S. A. Dugan Department of Physical Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA L. H. Powell Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA L. H. Powell Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA H. M. Kravitz (*) Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Rush West Campus, 2150 West Harrison Street Room 275, Chicago, IL 60612, USA e-mail: [email protected]
(SWAN) Chicago site. Body image was measured using the Stunkard Adult Female Figure Rating Scale, and a clinically significant level of depressive symptoms was defined as Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score of ≥16 (N=405; N=63 (15.6 %) with clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms). Differences between perceived actual, perceived ideal, and actual body size and responses to questions concerning weight satisfaction and attractiveness were examined using logistic regression for associations with a CES-D score of ≥16. Women with body image dissatisfaction (odds ratio (OR)=1.91; p=0.04) or who perceived themselves as “unattractive” (OR=7.74; p
