Biochemical indices of selected effect of stress5

trace minerals

Anita

Lin

Singh,

Claude

Bonnie

Veil/on,

L Smoak,

and

ABSTRACT

Kristine

Patricia

Plasma

Y Patterson,

A Deuster

zinc,

iron,

G LeMay,

1-5

copper,

and

selenium

5 wk of prolonged

and

selected blood proteins were measured in 66 men before (BHW) and after (AHW) a 5-d period of sustained physical and psy-

Specifically, consecutive

chological

stress

obtained

called

from

determined and selenium

Hell

26 men

Week.

7 d after

blood

samples

were

indices

Week.

Dietary

intakes

were

physically

trained

Subjects

and methods

Hell Week; zinc, Hell Week averaged

iron, copper, 23.6 ± 3.4

mg/d, 35.4 respectively.

± 3.9 mg/d, 3.0 ± 0.5 mg/d, and 92.5 ± 26.7 g/d, C-reactive protein was detected in only five subjects

BHW

in all subjects

and

bumin whereas

decreased ferritin,

by 33%, ceruloplasmin,

tions increased AHW toglobin concentrations creased transitory

AHW.

Zinc,

44%,

iron,

selenium,

12%, and and creatine

and

AHW. (except

similar to BHW values changes characteristic

in physically

active

7 d after Hell ofan acute-phase

Am J C/in Nuir

of zinc,

The mittee

Hapde-

biochemical

and

been

collectively

trace

mineral

reaction; plasma

endocrine

may

Most

research

in patients

5, 6). Although phase

kinase,

effect

physical similar

has not been present study

stress

in young,

126

status

would

an acute-phase

wherein

and

resistance

reactions

activity

alter

are

conducted (1, 2,

in normal,

healthy

changes

in acute-

induce

observed on trace

been

inflammation

that can

to infection

has

and/or

reported

healthy

whereas and ceto stress.

clearly demonstrated was to determine

mineral

have

mechanism

stressors

psychological

during

that

during mineral

infection,

an

concentrations

(4, 7). The objective of the whether sustained physical and biochemical men

after

indices they Am

had

Use Research Comof the Health Sci-

Basic

training

classes

at the

Training Center, and February 1987.

physical

events

activities,

and

exercises races.

trainees

are

and

anxiety Hell

due Week

to the and

the

Sepbefore

stress.

Physical

stressors

and obstacle course, runIn addition to undergoing allowed

the entire period. Psychological anxiety, verbal confrontations, during

Demolition

CA, between was studied

after Hell Week (AHW). trainees are subjected to

the

psychological

combat and boat the

Underwater

Coronado, Each trainee

only

stressors activities uncertainty length

‘-‘5

of the of Hell

h of sleep

include perforwith no-win sitWeek.

nature The

of at-

2). Plasma

in response

to those

of physiological

( 1,

increase

infections, been

body

in healthy,

two

uations,

induce

an adaptive

reactivity,

it has

prolonged proteins

also

constitute

trauma,

the

response

status

from

included simulated ning, swimming,

6

trauma

concentrations decrease increase. Serum ferritin

on acute-phase

with

within

are altered

concentrations

changes

and

an acute-phase

concentrations

tissue repair, immune promoted (3, 4).

subjects

changes

called

plasma zinc and iron copper concentrations

ruloplasmin These

inflammation,

by the Human Services University

Hell Week (BHW) and immediately During the 5-d Hell Week period

1991;53:126-31.

Introduction as infection,

selenium

Informed consent was obtained Land (SEAL) trainees recruited

physical

such

and

men.

(USUHS), Bethesda, MD. 1 19 US Navy Sea, Air, and

during mance

Stressors

copper,

intensities. the effects of 5 on biochemical

ences from

School/SEAL tember 1986

Week. Hell response

Zinc, iron, copper, selenium, creatine ferritin, ceruloplasmin, interleukin

iron,

study was approved of the Uniformed

considerable KEY WORDS C-reactive protein,

at submaximal

Subjects

The biochemical changes were ferritin) and mineral concen-

trations were Week induced

men.

but

training

al-

9%, respectively, kinase concentra-

by 59%, 8%, and 266%, respectively. increased 57% in 30 subjects

32% in 23 subjects because protein

physical

we were interested in determining days ofsustained physiological stress

Recovery Hell

BHW and during intakes during

in men:

of trace undergone

J C/in Nutr

I From the Department of Military Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; and the Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD. 2 The opinions or assertions contained herein are the authors’ and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Department ofDefense or the Uniformed Services University ofthe Health Sciences. 3 Presented in part at the Sixth International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals (June 1987) and at the Annual Meeting ofthe American College ofSports Medicine (May 1989). 4Supported by NMRDC N0002487WR13039 and NMRI N6422386MP00008. 5 Address reprint requests to A Singh, Department of Military Medicine, Uniformed Services University ofthe Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799. Received March 22, 1990. Accepted for publication May 10, 1990.

1991;53:126-31.

Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/53/1/126/4691199 by University of Leeds user on 18 June 2018

Printed

in USA.

© 1991 American

Society

for Clinical

Nutrition

STRESS trition

rate

study

there

is usually was

high

results

ofthe

66 trainees

a 55%

during

this

attrition who

period.

rate;

this

successfully

AND

In the

report

TRACE

completed

Logistical

present

presents

the

Hell

from

Week.

first

To

The

trainees

were

reporting

measured

and

fasting

the trainees

between

before

Week.

Hell

collected

into

x

within

taken

was stored

for

and

completeness. The trainees recorded.

from

each

were Urine

were

subjects

were

used

group.

Because not

Week

a dietitian to ensure

were stored

the

mean

for the

and

continued were

training

classes

through

the

not told

samples l8)orbetween

when

were

processed After

in the manner the AHW blood

tions

for another

24-h

and

second began Week

collected 1600 and

previously described drawing the trainees urine

collection

that

=

d AHW classes.

blood

to study recovery Blood was drawn

in a manner

similar

to that

samples from between used

(n

=

the second 0530 and for the BHW

all

were

mass

cor-

( 1 1 ). Serum

cerulo-

a2-macroglobulin were

by this assay

measured

by ra-

Instrument

Corp,

mea-

Allentown,

Medicine

measured

twofold

Serum

were

Comparative

was

and urine spectrometry

was 4 mg/L.

concentrations

and

zinc

by

with

Lab-

FAAS

after

deionized

water.

selenium were measured by iso(IDMS)(l2). Plasma interleukin

by the

B-9

were

analyzed

data

5000,

San Diego) and ferritin by Nuclear, Boston). The lowest

diluted

measured

(model background

albumin,

500 (Baker

selenium was

earlier

creatinine

Services

were (FAAS)

(GFAAS) Zeeman

(CRP),

Urine

samples

concentrations

concentrations

urine

Diagnostic

ofthe

differences

hybridoma

proliferation

by the Intake

in the methods

information,

equation

no

of Allen

BV (L)

as-

Nutritional

statistical

for collecting

and during and AHW

were

dietary made

Hell Week. was estimated

be-

by using

et al (1 5):

[(0.417

=

used comparisons

X ht3)

+ (0.045

X wI)

-

0.03]

Plasma volume (PV) for both time periods was calculated from BV and Hct, and the change in PV was calculated as follows: LPV

Hell Statistical

(PVBHw

=

X 100

PVAHW)/PVBHW

after

also

ysis

on Friday Therefore,

samples. instruc-

AHW

Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/53/1/126/4691199 by University of Leeds user on 18 June 2018

(SAS)

afternoon were

blood

no

draws

significant

software

were pooled

differences

(SAS

Institute

studied. of the

data

for

the

for both classes

due

to time

Inc.

analysis

study

are presented

P

was

Cary,

because all subjects

sample

volumes

number

sample

size

limited

for each

the

analysis

has

been

BHW, (n