Psychological Reports, 1991, 69, 675-680.

O Psychological Reports

1991

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE IN MEDICAL EDUCATION: A 1987-1991 BIBLIOGRAPHY' GEORGE R. HOLMES, DONNA R. DAWKINS, AND LARRY R. FAULKNER

UniversiQ of South Carolina School of Medicine Summary.-Holmes, et al. in 1988 compiled 61 studies in an updated bibliography of behavioral science in undergraduate and graduate medical education. Since then, 64 additional studies of behavioral science in medical education have been published and abstracted in Index Medicus and Psychological Abstracts, the sources for the bibliography.

In the Psychiatric Dictionary (I), behavioral science is defined as "multidisciplinary pursuit of knowledge about behavior in its roots and manifestations, in man and animals, in individuals, groups and cultures, and in all conditions, normal, exceptional, and pathological" (p. 92). In 1956, Stainbrook and Wexler developed an interdisciplinary and comprehensive behavioral science curriculum for first and second year medical students (6). During the first year, the developmental concepts of individual life process, personality, society, and culture were presented by a psychiatrist and a psychologist. The second year focused on the sociological and anthropological disciplines with their applications to human function and behavior. Since that initial effort, most medical schools have implemented behavioral science curricula. More recently, behavioral science appears to be increasingly used in postgraduate medical education, particularly in psychiatry and family medicine. An enthusiastic response to the previous Holmes, Shuler, and Donald (4) updated bibliography of references to behavioral science motivated the authors to compile the present bibliography containing 64 out of 158 of the most recently published studies from North American and foreign literature from 1987 through 1991. The most frequently cited journal in this updated bibliography is Academic Medicine, formerly the ]ournal of Medical Education. The content of the articles in the updated bibliography focuses on surveys of undergraduate behavioral science programs, the roles of medical ethics and interviewing skills as topics in behavioral science, and behavioral science in family practice residency programs. Consistent with the previous bibliographies in 1979 (2), 1981 (3), 1985 (5), and 1988 (4), t h s current version also includes studies which address problems in conceptualizing the domain of the behavioral sciences in medical education. The information

Gear.

'Address requests for reprints to Dr. R Holmes, Department of Neuropsychiairy and Behavioral Science, Clinical Education Bu dmg, 3555 Harden Street Extension, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29203.

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about these studies in behavioral science came directly from the authors listed in the bibliography, Index Medicus, and Psychological Abstracts. The 64 articles in this bibliography met the criteria of clinical and educational relevancy in the curricula design of the University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychatry and Behavioral Science undergraduate and postgraduate programs. ALEXANDER, D. A,, & EAGLES,J. M. Changes in attitudes towards psychiatry among medical students: correlation of attitude shift with academic performance. Medical Education, 1990, 24, 452-460. AMOS, S. P., & TETER, K. Behavioral sciences education and patient satisfaction: is there a link? Family Medicine, 1987, 19, 144-145. ANTONOVSKY, A. The fluctuating fortunes of the behavioral sciences. Lrael

Journal of Medical Sciences, 1987, 23, 1022-1026. APPLEBY,L., & ARAYA,R. Postgraduate training in psychiatry 1977-87: disturbing trends in the pattern of international collaboration. Medical

Education, 1990, 24, 290-297. BADGER,L. W., & RAND,E. H. Unlearning psychiatry: a cohort effect in the training environment. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 1988, 18, 123-135. B E N - T o m , D. I., BATERSBY, M. W., ALLAN,J. A,, & PAPAY,P. S. A group method for learning about psychiatric research. Australian 6 New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 1987, 21, 392-395. BLOOM,J. D., CUTLER,D. L., FAULKNER, L. R . , GODARD,S. L., BRAY,J. D., CONCANNON, K., & LIPPINCOTT,R. C. The evolution of Oregon's public psychiatry training program. New Directions for Mental Health Services, 1989, 44, 113-122. BRELTNLIN, D. C., MANN,B. J., RICHTSMEIER,A., LILLIAN,Z., RICHMAN,J. S., & BERNOTAS, T. Pediatricians' perceptions of their behavioral and developmental training. Journal of Developmental 6 Behavioral Pediat-

rics, 1990, 11, 165-169. CARTER,I. Teaching child and family assessment skills to medical students during brief outpatient clinic experience. Canadian Journal of Psychia-

try, 1988, 33, 546-549. CARTER,R. E. A comparison of the emphasis given to nine therapies in residency training and later practice of psychiatrists. Academic Medicine,

1990, 65, 649-651. CHARNEY,E. B. Bridging the gaps for teaching of behavioral and developmental issues in residency training. Indian lournal of Pediatrics, 1989,

56, 63-68.

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COTTRELL,D. J., & HILL, I? D.

677

Child psychiatry and the undergraduate.

Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1988, 63, 3-4. Medical students' attitude towards psychiatry. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 1988, 33, 783-787. DAVIS,A. K., COTTER,F., & CZECHOWICZ, D. Substance abuse units taught by four specialties in medical schools and residency programs. Journal of Medical Education, 1988, 63, 739-746. DOBSON,B. Child and adolescent psychiatry in the undergraduate medical curriculum. Medical Education, 1988, 22, 301-307. DAS, M. D.

FAMUYWA,0.O., ZACHARIAH, M. I?, & ILECHUKWU, S. T. The objective structured clinical examination in undergraduate psychiatry. Medical

Education, 1991, 25, 45-50. FAULKNER, L. R., CUTLER,D. L., et al. A basic residency curriculum concerning the chronically mentally ill. American Journal of Psychiatry,

1989, 146, 1323-1327. FELTHOUS, A. R., & WLLER,R. D. Teaching forensic psychiatry to medical students. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 1989, 34, 871-880. FIELD, D. Teaching sociology in UK medical schools. Medical Education, 1988, 22, 294-300.

F ~ E S., , THOMAS,J., & KRELL,R. A mandatory clinical clerkship in child psychiatry: a description and evaluation. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 1990, 35, 551-553. Fox, N. J. Sociology in the British medical curriculum: a survey. Medical Education, 1989, 23, 152-160. GASK,L., GOLDBERG, D., LESSER,A. L., & M.ILLAR,T. Improving the psychiatric skills of the general practice trainee: an evaluation of a group training course. Medical Education, 1988, 22, 132-138. GODARD, S. L., CUTLER,D. L., & POLLACK, D . A. Education and training in public psychiatry. New Directions for Mental Health Services, 1989,

44, 5-16. GRANET, R . B., & COOPER,D. M. Career choices in psychiatry: the evolution from resident to practitioner. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1990, 31, 540-548. HAPCHYN, C. A., & GOLD,I. M. Training issues for a female psychiatric residency cohort. Journal of the American Women's Association, 1990, 45, 43-46. HART, J. J. Psychiatry for undergraduates. British]ournal of Psychiatry, 1990, 156, 596-597. HAVILAND, M. G., DIAL, T. H., & ~ C U SH ,. A. Characteristics of senior medical students planning to subspecialize in child psychatry. Journal

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of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1988, 27, 404-407. HILLERBRAND, E. T., BARTELS,K., & SHAW,D. The cognitive structures students used to organize what they learned in a psychiatry clerkship.

Academic Medicine, 1991, 66, 59. HOLMES,G. R., MUSHER,J. S., & WRIGHT,H. H. HOWrecent medical school graduates evaluate the clinical relevance of their behavioral science curriculum. Academic Psychiatry, 1990, 14, 17-20. HOLMES,G . R., SHULER,C. M., & DONALD,A. G . Behavioral science in medical education: a 1985- 1987 bibliography. Psychological Reports,

1988, 63, 907-912. ISAACS,B., & NISSENBAUM, H. Education in p~ycho~eriatrics: the leap of the imagination. Medical Education, 1989, 23, 453-456. KELLY,M. I?. A suitable case for Technik: behavioral science in the postgraduate medical curriculum. Medical Education, 1990, 24, 271-279. LEFLEY,H. P. Linked changes in mental health service delivery and psychiatric education. Psychiatric Quarterly, 1988, 59, 122-139. LEVENKRON, J. C., GREENLAND, I!, & BOWLEY,N. Teaching risk-factor counseling skills: a comparison of two instructional methods. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 1990, 6, 29-34. LOVETT,L. M., COX, A., & ABOU-SALEH, M. Teaching psychiatric interview skills to medical students. Medical Education, 1990, 24, 243-250. MACLEOD,R. J., & STEINHAUER, P. D. Teaching child psychiatry to medical-undergraduates. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 1989, 34, 602-605. MAGILL,M. K. Behavioral science in family medicine (again). Family Medicine, 1988, 20, 9-10. MCFARLANE, A. C., GOLDNEY,R. D., & KALUCY,R. S. A factor analytic study of clinical competence in undergraduate psychiatry. Medical Education, 1989, 23, 422-428. MOHL,l? C. Helping medical students make the transition from biological to psychological thinking, Journal of Psychiatric Education, 1987, 11, 106-109. NEY,P. C., TAM,W. W., & MAURICE,W. L. Factors that determine medical student interest in psychiatry. Australian f+ New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 1990, 24, 65-76. NOVACK,D. H., GOLDBERG, R. J., ROWLAND-MORIN, P., LANDAU,C., & WARTMAN, S. A. Toward a comprehensive psychiatry-behavioral science curriculum for primary care residents. Psychosomatics, 1989, 30, 213-223. OCKENE,J. K., OCKENE,I. S., KABAT-ZINN, J., GREENE,H. L., & FRID,D.

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Teaching risk-factor counseling skills to medical students, house staff, and fellows. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 1990, 6, 35-42. POLITSER,I?. E., GASTFRIEND, D. R., B A I ~ ND., , & NGUYEN,L. An inteIligent display system for psychiatric education in primary care. Medical Care, 1987, 25, 123-137. POWSNER,S. M., & BYCK,R. The "Electric Resident," a computer system for training psychiatry residents. Academic Medicine, 1989, 64, 485. PRIEL, B., & RABINOWITZ,B. Teaching social sciences in the clinical years through psychosocial conferences. Journal of Medical Education, 1988, 63, 555-558. RAEBURN, J. M., D ~ I G N O J. N ,M., GRANT,V. J., & RICHMOND, D. E. Behavioural science at the Auckland Medical School: introduction and evaluation of a revised programme. New Zeakznd Medical Journal, 1989, 102, 642-644. RAHKNONEN, O., PALOSUO,H., & HEMMINKI,E. The place of medical sociology. Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine, 1988, 16, 283-285. REISER,L. W., SLEDGE,W. H., & EDELSON,M. Four-year evaluation of a psychatric clerkship: 1982-1986. AmericanJournal of Psychiatry, 1988, 145, 1122-1126. RISKA, E. K. Strategies in the education of humane physicians. Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine, 1990, 18, 161-164. ROBACK, H. B., RAEHN,P. L., & CHAPMAN, J. E. Gender differences in first year medical students' attitudes towards a discussion-oriented behavioral science course. Social Behavior and Personality, 1988, 16, 65-69. ROSSMANITH, S. The importance and purpose of medical psychology in the study of medicine. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 1990, 53, 115118. RUDISILL,J. R., & MCWLLAN,J. The use of student selected experiences as an adjunct to behavioral science instruction. Journal of Psychiatric Education, 1987, 11, 54-58. RUDISLLL, J. R., PAINTER,A. F., & RODENHAUSER, I?. Psychiatric residents as behavioral science instructors. Journal of Psychiatric Education, 1987, 11, 27-30. SADLER,J. Z., & HULGUS,Y. F. Knowing, valuing, acting: clues to revising the biopsychosocial model. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1990, 31, 185195. SCHER,M., HARTFORD, J. F., KHAN,A., GENTRY,R., & WILSON,L. Comparison of two formats for a psychiatry clerkship. Journal of Medical Education, 1988, 63, 140-143. SCHUBERT,D. S., BILLOWITZ,A., GABINET,L., & FRIEDSON,W. Effect of

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liaison psychiatry on attitudes toward psychiatry, rate of consultation, and psychosocial documentation. General Hospital Psychiatry, 1989, 11, 77-87. SENSKY,T., & THOMPSON, C . The development and evaluation of a method of teaching liaison psychiatry to medical students. Medical Education, 1989, 23, 174-178. SKINNER,B., SLAW, L., & BAKER, R. Validating audiovisual reviews as a strategy for teaching behavioral medicine to primary care residents. Family Practice Research Journal, 1990, 9, 157-165. SONNENBERG, S . M . Introducing psychiatric residents to psychoanalysis: a visiting analyst's perspective. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 1990, 38, 451-469. WEINMAN, J . A survey of preclinical psychology teaching in United Kingdom medical schools. Medical Education, 1989, 23, 77-80. WEINTRAUB,W . The Maryland plan: a decade of university-state collaboration. New Directions for Mental Health Services, 1989, 42, 51-62. W E S T , D. A , , & MOORE-WEST,M . Problem-based learning of behavioral science in a traditional medical school curriculum. Journal of Psychiatric Education, 1988, 12, 111-116. W E S TD. , A., & W E S T ,M . M . Problem-based learning of psychopathology in a traditional curriculum using multiple conceptual models. Medical Education, 1987, 21, 151-156. Y A G E RJ, . Psychiatric residency training and the changing economic scene. Hospital 6 Community Psychiatry, 1987, 38, 1076-1081. REFERENCES 1. HINSIE,L. E., & CAMPBELL, R. J. Psychiahic dictionary. (4th ed.) New York: Oxford Univer. Press, 1970. 2. HOLMES, G. R., DONALD, A. G., & GOLDSCHMIDT, T.J. Behavioral science in medical education: a bibliography. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1979, 49, 743-748. 3. HOLMES, G. R., GOLDSCHMIDT, T. J., & DONALD, A. G. Behavioral science in medical education: a bibliography. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1981, 53, 907-918. 4. HOLMES,G. R., SHULER, C. M., & DONALD, A. G. Behavioral science in medical education: a 1985-1987 bibliography. Prychological Reports, 1988, 63, 907-912. 5. HOLMES, G. R., S M ~M., E., & DONALD, A. G. Behavioral science in medical education: a 1985 updated bibliography. Psychological Reports, 1985, 57, 895-899. 6 . STAINBROOK, E., & WEXLER,M. The place of behavioral sciences in the medical schools. 'Psychiatry, 1956, 19, 263-269.

Accepted September 30, 1991.

Behavioral science in medical education: a 1987-1991 bibliography.

Holmes, et al. in 1988 compiled 61 studies in an updated bibliography of behavioral science in undergraduate and graduate medical education. Since the...
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