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J Neurosurg. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 February 01. Published in final edited form as: J Neurosurg. 2016 February ; 124(2): 511–526. doi:10.3171/2015.2.JNS14503.

Traumatic brain injury is associated with subsequent neurologic and psychiatric disease: a meta-analysis David C. Perry, MD1, Virginia E. Sturm, PhD1, Matthew J. Peterson, PhD4,5, Carl F. Pieper, DPH6, Thomas Bullock, BA3, Bradley F. Boeve, MD8, Bruce L. Miller, MD1, Kevin M. Guskiewicz, PhD, ATC9, Mitchel S. Berger, MD2, Joel H. Kramer, PsyD1, and Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer, PhD7

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1Department

of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

2Department

of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

3School

of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

4Geriatric

Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

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5Department

of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

6Department

of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

7Department

of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

8Department

of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

9Department

of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

Abstract Object—Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been proposed as a risk factor for development of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and other illnesses. This study’s objective was to determine the association of prior mild TBI with subsequent diagnosis (i.e., at least one year post-injury) of neurologic or psychiatric disease. Methods—All studies from 1995–2012 reporting TBI as a risk factor for diagnoses of interest were identified by searching PubMed, study references, and review articles. Reviewers abstracted the data and assessed study design and characteristics.

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Results—57 studies met inclusion criteria. A random effects meta-analysis revealed a significant association of prior TBI with subsequent neurologic and psychiatric diagnosis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for TBI on development of any illness was 1.67 (95% CI 1.44–1.93, p

Association of traumatic brain injury with subsequent neurological and psychiatric disease: a meta-analysis.

Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, and ...
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