J Nutr Health Aging Volume 19, Number 2, 2015
ASSOCIATION OF DIETARY INTAKE AND LIFESTYLE PATTERN WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN THE ELDERLY X. ZHAO1, L. YUAN1,2, L. FENG1, Y. XI1, H. YU1, W. MA1, D. ZHANG1, R. XIAO1,2 1. School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; 2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China Corresponding author: Rong Xiao, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, PR China, [email protected], Tel: 86-010-83911512, Fax: 86-010-83911512
Abstract: Introduction: Objectives: Specific diets or lifestyles have an impact on cognitive function in previous studies. However, the association of the complex action of Chinese daily diets and lifestyle patterns with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among elderly people had not been studied exactly. The aim of this study was to explore the association of dietary and lifestyle patterns with MCI among elderly people in Beijing. Design: Population-based and case-control design. Setting: The physical examination center in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University in Beijing. Participants: A total of 404 subjects, aged 60 years old or above, with or without MCI. Measurements: The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was used to screen the subjects with MCI. All subjects were required to complete a questionnaire which was comprised of their demographic information, health status, lifestyles, and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Binary multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the potential association between MCI and these factors. Results: With adjustment for some factors，higher daily intake of eggs (OR, 0.975，95% CI, 0.959-0.992, P=.003) and marine products (OR, 0.96, 95% CI, 0.943-0.979, P=.000), longer time of watching TV (OR, 0.763, 95% CI, 0.628-0.928, P=.007), reading (OR, 0.540, 95% CI, 0.379-0.769, P=.001) and physical exercise (OR, 0.382, 95% CI, 0.185-0.789) had significantly decreased odds of suffering from MCI compared with the control group. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that daily higher intake of eggs and marine products，watching TV, reading and physical exercise were associated with preventing the development of MCI in this population-based samples. Key words: Dietary intake, lifestyle patterns, mild cognitive impairment, elderly people.
Introduction Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as a syndrome with cognitive decline more than expected for an individual’s age and education level but does not notably interfere with activities of daily life (1, 2). Subjects with MCI have a 10-fold increased risk of developing dementia at a rate of 10%–15% per year compared with 1%–2% per year in the general population (3). Early diagnosis and intervention of MCI could postpone or prevent the onset of subsequent dementia. It is critical to identify potentially protective factors for the development of MCI and progression to dementia. Specific diets or lifestyles have an impact on cognitive function in recent studies (4, 5). Elderly people on a Mediterranean diet (MeDi) are reported to be less likely to develop MCI or progress from MCI to dementia (6, 7). A recent study in Chinese nonagenarians and centenarians, found that there were significant association between inadequate intake of legume and animal oil and the prevalence of MCI (8). Moreover, dietary and plant polyphenols exert neuroprotective effects on cognitive function (9). In a population-based casecontrol study, the presence of both physical exercise and computer use was associated with decreased odds of having MCI (10). However, these studies confirmed the effects of various specific dietary pattern or lifestyle pattern on MCI but did not explore the complex action of daily diets and lifestyle patterns. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the complex action of daily diets and lifestyle patterns on MCI among elderly people in Beijing China, and find the potential Received April 18, 2014 Accepted for publication July 1, 2014
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protective factors for cognitive function in daily life. On the other hand, soybean isoflavone (SIF) as a natural polyphenol existing in soybean and the products are involved in daily diets in Chinese population. Our previous study demonstrated it could reduce cytokine cascade and inflammatory response induced by β-amyloid peptides(Aβ)1-42 or Aβ25-35 resulting in the improvement of spatial learning and memory ability impairment in the rats (11, 12). So we calculated the intake of SIF instead of legume in the present study to evaluate the effects of SIF on MCI. Method Study Design and Data collection The study adopted population-based case-control design. Medical doctors with special training in dietary and lifestyle interview and evaluating of MCI interviewed the participants face-to-face from April to June 2013 in the physical examination center in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University in Beijing, China. A structured interview format was used to collect data of cognitive and dietary and lifestyle pattern in the last year. The results of the questionnaire and health examination were filled in the standard form. The subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Parkinson’s disease (PD), or not completing the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) test, or not able to have diet normally or
ASSOCIATION OF DIETARY INTAKE AND LIFESTYLE PATTERN WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN THE ELDERLY X. ZHAO1, L. YUAN1,2, L. FENG1, Y. XI1, H. YU1, W. MA1, D. ZHANG1, R. XIAO1,2 1. School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; 2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China Corresponding author: Rong Xiao, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, PR China, [email protected], Tel: 86-010-83911512, Fax: 86-010-83911512
Abstract: Introduction: Objectives: Specific diets or lifestyles have an impact on cognitive function in previous studies. However, the association of the complex action of Chinese daily diets and lifestyle patterns with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among elderly people had not been studied exactly. The aim of this study was to explore the association of dietary and lifestyle patterns with MCI among elderly people in Beijing. Design: Population-based and case-control design. Setting: The physical examination center in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University in Beijing. Participants: A total of 404 subjects, aged 60 years old or above, with or without MCI. Measurements: The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was used to screen the subjects with MCI. All subjects were required to complete a questionnaire which was comprised of their demographic information, health status, lifestyles, and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Binary multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the potential association between MCI and these factors. Results: With adjustment for some factors，higher daily intake of eggs (OR, 0.975，95% CI, 0.959-0.992, P=.003) and marine products (OR, 0.96, 95% CI, 0.943-0.979, P=.000), longer time of watching TV (OR, 0.763, 95% CI, 0.628-0.928, P=.007), reading (OR, 0.540, 95% CI, 0.379-0.769, P=.001) and physical exercise (OR, 0.382, 95% CI, 0.185-0.789) had significantly decreased odds of suffering from MCI compared with the control group. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that daily higher intake of eggs and marine products，watching TV, reading and physical exercise were associated with preventing the development of MCI in this population-based samples. Key words: Dietary intake, lifestyle patterns, mild cognitive impairment, elderly people.
Introduction Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as a syndrome with cognitive decline more than expected for an individual’s age and education level but does not notably interfere with activities of daily life (1, 2). Subjects with MCI have a 10-fold increased risk of developing dementia at a rate of 10%–15% per year compared with 1%–2% per year in the general population (3). Early diagnosis and intervention of MCI could postpone or prevent the onset of subsequent dementia. It is critical to identify potentially protective factors for the development of MCI and progression to dementia. Specific diets or lifestyles have an impact on cognitive function in recent studies (4, 5). Elderly people on a Mediterranean diet (MeDi) are reported to be less likely to develop MCI or progress from MCI to dementia (6, 7). A recent study in Chinese nonagenarians and centenarians, found that there were significant association between inadequate intake of legume and animal oil and the prevalence of MCI (8). Moreover, dietary and plant polyphenols exert neuroprotective effects on cognitive function (9). In a population-based casecontrol study, the presence of both physical exercise and computer use was associated with decreased odds of having MCI (10). However, these studies confirmed the effects of various specific dietary pattern or lifestyle pattern on MCI but did not explore the complex action of daily diets and lifestyle patterns. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the complex action of daily diets and lifestyle patterns on MCI among elderly people in Beijing China, and find the potential Received April 18, 2014 Accepted for publication July 1, 2014
164
protective factors for cognitive function in daily life. On the other hand, soybean isoflavone (SIF) as a natural polyphenol existing in soybean and the products are involved in daily diets in Chinese population. Our previous study demonstrated it could reduce cytokine cascade and inflammatory response induced by β-amyloid peptides(Aβ)1-42 or Aβ25-35 resulting in the improvement of spatial learning and memory ability impairment in the rats (11, 12). So we calculated the intake of SIF instead of legume in the present study to evaluate the effects of SIF on MCI. Method Study Design and Data collection The study adopted population-based case-control design. Medical doctors with special training in dietary and lifestyle interview and evaluating of MCI interviewed the participants face-to-face from April to June 2013 in the physical examination center in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University in Beijing, China. A structured interview format was used to collect data of cognitive and dietary and lifestyle pattern in the last year. The results of the questionnaire and health examination were filled in the standard form. The subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Parkinson’s disease (PD), or not completing the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) test, or not able to have diet normally or
