PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
By Susan B. Hassmiller, PhD, RN, FAAN, and Julia Truelove
Are You the Best Leader You Can Be? Leadership resources for every nurse. Editor’s note: This is an update to an article on resources for leadership development we originally published in February 2006. With health care reform creating new opportunities for leadership, it’s important that nurses become ready to assume these roles. We’re pleased that Sue Hassmiller agrees and has renewed this list of resources.
N
urses serve in a variety of professional leadership positions, from administrators and unit managers to chief nursing officers and hospital board members. Today, the challenges of leading in an increasingly complex health care environment are great; therefore, nurses need to take every opportunity to develop and hone their leadership qualities and skills. The question for every nurse—no matter the stage of her or his education or career—is: Are you the best leader you can be?
thority and of the leadership they can provide throughout the course of their careers. It’s not just a matter of whether a nurse is a leader, but whether a nurse develops and exercises leadership skills. Learning on the job or in the classroom are two ways to acquire these skills. However, many organizations have created programs to empower nurses to become leaders in health care. Table 1 lists a sample of nurse leadership programs for nursing students and professional nurses. These programs are supported by a variety of professional organizations, universities, state associations, and other groups. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation sponsors several nursing leadership programs with the goal of addressing broader health care issues, such as workforce development and improved quality of care. For a selection of nursing resources, go to http:// links.lww.com/AJN/A55.
Nurses who seek greater professional involvement develop a
deeper sense of their own authority and of the leadership they can provide throughout the course of their careers. The Institute of Medicine report The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health made a series of recommendations about the role of nurses in the future of U.S. health care. The recommendations included a call to the health care system to “prepare and enable nurses to lead change to advance health,” with the development of leadership programs and increased opportunities to lead.1 Nurses with strong leadership and management skills are better prepared to serve individuals and their families and the community, and to collaborate with colleagues. Some nurses acquire these skills on the job within their health care organizations or as representatives of their organizations in the community. Others pursue higher education, such as a bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree, or a clinical specialty certification. No matter the pathway or the desired role, nurses who seek greater professional involvement develop a deeper sense of their own
[email protected] Whether you’re a nursing student thinking about your future career, a staff nurse interested in professional growth, a nurse manager seeking to develop a toolbox of problem-solving and leadership skills, or an executive looking to make the next career move, a leadership program is a step toward becoming the best leader you can be. ▼ Susan B. Hassmiller is senior adviser for nursing at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation in Princeton, NJ, and director of its Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action initiative. Julia Truelove is a student at the University of Virginia School of Nursing in Charlottesville. Contact author: Susan B. Hassmiller, shassmi@ rwjf.org. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
REFERENCE 1. Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine. The future of nursing: leading change, advancing health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2011. http:// books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12956.
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NSNA: Leadership U
American Association of Critical-Care Nurses: Clinical Scene Investigator Academy
16 months: nurses work at home institution, then present at an AACN conference
3 days: Washington, DC
AACN: Student Policy Summit
Emerging Leaders
Online
Time/Location
AACN: Graduate Nursing Student Academy
Students
Program
$10,000 to the home institution to fund the project
Free with NSNA membership
$199 registration fee, scholarships available
Free with AACN membership (which is also free)
Cost
Teams of 4 nurses work with a leader from their institution and with an academy mentor.
Provides students with opportunities for professional growth. Students in BSN or RN–BSN programs may earn academic recognition by participating in NSNA activities related to shared governance, community health, policy development, legislation education, recruitment, ethics, and professional values development.
Sessions focus on the “federal policy process and nursing’s role in professional advocacy.” Includes meetings with legislators and staff.
Webinars and resources to advance leadership development in master’s and doctoral degree students.
Notes
Link
www.aacn.org/wd/csi/content/ csi-program-information. content?menu=csi&lastmenu=
www.nsna.org/membership/ leadershipuniversity.aspx
www.aacn.nche.edu/ government-affairs/studentpolicy-summit
www.aacn.nche.edu/students/ gnsa
Research and Clinical Leadership: Programs designed for nursing research support and mentorship, as well as leadership development for nurses in the clinical setting.
Health Care Leadership: Leadership development programs for health care professionals related to quality improvement, management of health care systems, and financial training. Some are specifically nursing focused, while others have an interprofessional design.
Business and Management Training: Programs without a specific health care focus that offer valuable management and leadership training.
Clinical Specialty: Programs with a focus on a particular clinical specialty.
Faculty and Academic Development: Doctoral support programs, faculty development and research support, and training for deans and directors of academic institutions.
Public Health/Health Policy Studies: Research and training programs related to population health and public health research, as well as state and federal policymaking.
Each program is also categorized as at least one of the following:
•• students—undergraduates or graduates who can take advantage of programs designed to help the next generation of nurses develop leadership skills early on •• emerging leaders—nurses at the entry level to the academic track (associate or assistant professors, faculty, or instructors) or to unit management roles in the health care or clinical setting (staff nurses, supervisors, charge nurses, nurse managers, or assistant directors) •• developing leaders—more experienced nurses who, depending on the size of the organization, are in positions such as administrative director, nurse director, and program manager, or in academic positions such as department chair, faculty, or professor •• advanced leaders—executive-level nurses with broad responsibilities. They may be responsible for an entire organization or for a subsidiary of an organization and serve in positions such as president/chief executive officer, chief nursing officer, executive director, dean, or chief operating officer
The programs listed below are for nurses at different leadership levels. Based on the American Nurses Association Leadership Institute’s levels of experience (http://ana-leadershipinstitute.org), these levels are:
Table 1. Leadership at Every Level
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
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8 full-day sessions: various locations
1–2 years: nurses work at home institution, present at various conferences
3–5 years: nurses work at home institution, present at various conferences
2 days: Louisville, KY
3 full-day seminars: Malvern, PA
Over 9 months: four 2-day and two 1-day retreats in Richmond, VA
3–4-day programs: locations in Wyoming vary
Michigan Center for Nursing: Leading Toward Tomorrow
Minority Fellowship Program: Clinical Research PostDoctoral Fellowship
Minority Fellowship Program: Clinical Research Pre-Doctoral Fellowship
Nursing Alliance Leadership Academy
Pennsylvania State Nurses Association: Star Leadership Institute
Richmond Memorial Health Foundation: Nurse Leadership Institute of Virginia
Wyoming Nurse Leadership Institute
1 year: 5-day onsite visit (location varies) plus online activities
Location varies
AACN: Leadership for Academic Nursing
American College of Health Care Administrators: Academy of Long Term Care Leadership and Development
Developing Leaders
3 days: multiple locations
A portfolio of live and recorded online seminars (each worth 2 CE contact hours) and selfpaced courses (each worth 5 CE contact hours)
AONE: Emerging Nurse Leader Institute
ANA: Leadership Institute
1-year membership, $50; lifetime membership, $500
$2,650 for AACN member schools; includes lodging, meals, and materials
$400
$2,800 covers meals, materials, and lodging ($300 from participant, $2,500 from employer)
$990
$350–$400 includes meals but not lodging; scholarships available
Annual stipend and tuition assistance
Annual stipend based on experience, and tuition assistance
Pricing to be determined
$800 for AONE members; $900 for nonmembers
Individual seminars: $45 for ANA members; $60 for nonmembers. Self-paced courses: $110 for ANA members; $150 for nonmembers
For health care administrators, nursing home administrators, and other professionals in the field of long-term care.
Professional development for new and aspiring deans; includes an evaluation of leadership skills and mentoring opportunities.
Topics include personal leadership evaluation, quality improvement, and legal training.
Communication skills and leadership development for nurse managers.
Key management competencies and leadership skill development.
Board leadership development for newly elected or emerging leaders.
For predoctoral nursing students from minority groups who are studying psychiatric-mental health and substance abuse.
For postdoctoral nursing students from minority groups who are studying psychiatric-mental health and substance abuse.
For nurse managers from across the spectrum of care.
For nurse managers with less than 6 months’ experience.
Programs are sold as bundles/series as well as individually. Bulk-order discounts are available.
www.achca.org/index.php/ academy
www.aacn.nche.edu/faculty/ leadership-for-academicnursing
www.wynursing.org/wnli
www.virginianli.org
http://psna.org/continuingeducation/programs/ starleadership
www.nursing-alliance.org/ content.cfm/id/nala
www.emfp.org/ MainMenuCategory/ Fellowships.aspx
www.emfp.org/ MainMenuCategory/ Fellowships.aspx
www.michigancenterfornursing. org/events.php
www.aone.org/aone_ foundation/ENLI.shtml
http://ana-leadershipinstitute. org/Main-Menu-Category/ Offerings/Emerging-Leaders
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2 years: seminars and meetings in California
13 days: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
13 days: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
4 days: Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD
8 days and 2 webinars over 7 months: Columbia, St. Louis, Springfield, and Kansas City, MO
Harvard Graduate School of Education: Institute for Management and Leadership in Education
Harvard Graduate School of Education: Management Development Program
Institute for Johns Hopkins Nursing: Nursing Leadership Academy
Leadership Development Academy for Nurse Leaders and Nursing Home Administrators in Long Term Care
3 days: multiple locations
AONE: Nurse Manager Institute
California HealthCare Foundation: Health Care Leadership Program
1 year: four 5-day in-person meetings, as well as webinars and online activities
A portfolio of live and recorded online seminars (each worth 2 CE contact hours) and selfpaced courses (each worth 5 CE contact hours)
ANA: Leadership Institute
AONE: Nurse Manager Fellowship
Time/Location
Program
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$500 doesn’t include travel; scholarships available
$1,800 includes materials, some meals
$5,500 covers most meals, and all instructional materials. Some financial aid available
$7,240 covers most meals and all instructional materials. Applicants must document employer support, usually via financial subsidy
Tuition and lodging are covered; $2,500 yearly contribution requested from home institution
$900; doesn’t include lodging
$7,000 includes materials for all activities, but not meals, lodging, or travel
Individual seminars: $45 for ANA members; $60 for nonmembers. Selfpaced courses: $110 for ANA members; $150 for nonmembers
Cost
For nurses and administrators in long-term care settings.
Best practices for nurse managers, including individual skills evaluation and development, business and financial planning, and teamwork skills.
Case studies and educational sessions on institutional leadership and planning.
Introduction to strategic thinking in academic leadership for senior academic administrators.
California-based clinicians with at least 5 years of management or leadership experience.
For nurse managers with more than 6 months’ experience.
Participants will complete a capstone project in process improvement or resource management.
Programs are sold as bundles/series as well as individually. Bulk-order discounts are available.
Notes
http://nursingoutreach.missouri. edu/lda.aspx
www.hopkinsmedicine.org/ institute_nursing/continuing_ education/leadership_ development.html
www.gse.harvard.edu/ppe/ programs/higher-education/ portfolio/managementdevelopment.html
www.gse.harvard.edu/ppe/ programs/higher-education/ portfolio/managementleadership.html
http://futurehealth.ucsf.edu/ Public/Leadership-Programs/ Home.aspx?pid=145
www.aone.org/aone_ foundation/NMI.shtml
www.aone.org/aone_ foundation/NMF2014.shtml
http://ana-leadershipinstitute. org/Main-Menu-Category/ Offerings/Developing-Leaders
Link
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
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5 days: School of Management, Simmons College, Boston
Strategic Leadership for Women
AACN–Wharton Executive Leadership Program
Advanced Leaders
4 days: Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
18 months: leadership project completed at home institution; required travel to conferences and workshops
21 months: leadership project completed at home institution; required travel to conferences and workshops
STTI: Nurse Faculty Leadership Academy
STTI: Maternal–Child Health Leadership Academy
3 years: research project completed at home institution; required travel to conferences and workshops
RWJF Nurse Faculty Scholars
18 months: leadership project completed at home institution; required travel to conference and workshops
5 days: Cross Country Education, Brentwood, TN; multiple sites. Training can also be arranged at participant’s institution
Nurse Manager Boot Camp
STTI: Geriatric Nursing Leadership Academy
1 year: in-person seminars and meetings, online resources, webinars, and mentoring
2.5 days: location varies
NLN Leadership Institute: LEAD Program
National Hartford Centers of Gerontological Nursing Excellence Leadership Conference
$6,895; selection process is competitive
$625 registration fee for participant and mentor pair, plus travel and activity fees
$500 registration fee for participant and mentor pair, plus travel and activity fees
$4,600 covers room, board, and instructional materials
STTI covers lodging, stipend, and some travel for participant and mentor pair. Some activity fees may apply
Participants are awarded $350,000 over 3 years
$3,245 per individual; group discounts available
$3,500 for NLN members; $4,500 for nonmembers
$400 registration fee covers instructional materials, networking luncheon, and reception; group discounts available; Archbold Scholars, Fagin Fellows, and their mentors are required to attend
Designed for seasoned nursing deans looking to sharpen executive-level skills, including stakeholder management, influence and persuasion, and negotiation.
Maternal–child health nurses and nurse midwives work in mentor-mentee pairs at applicant’s institution. International applicants are encouraged to apply. STTI membership not required.
Participants work in mentor-mentee pairs at applicant’s institution. International applicants are encouraged to apply. STTI membership not required.
For women professionals seeking to strengthen leadership skills in their organization.
New nursing faculty (2–7 years’ experience) work with leadership mentors to foster leadership development and expand each participant’s scope of influence in the home institution. STTI membership not required.
Provides junior faculty in academic nursing with mentorship, leadership training, and research support.
For nurse managers; to build the practical and critical thinking skills related to achievement of organizational goals.
Leadership skills assessment and development of communication, leadership, and management skills for nurse educators.
Leadership, management, and communication skills for experienced and aspiring gerontological nurses. The Mary Starke Harper Distinguished Interview is a highlight.
www.aacn.nche.edu/leadinginitiatives/aacn-whartonexecutive-leadership-program
www.nursingsociety.org/ LeadershipInstitute/MCH/ Pages/default.aspx
www.nursingsociety.org/ LeadershipInstitute/ GeriatricAcademy/Pages/ introduction.aspx
www.simmons.edu/som/ programs/execed/individuals/ options/index.php
www.nursingsociety.org/ LeadershipInstitute/ nursefaculty/Pages/default.aspx
www.nursefacultyscholars.org
www.crosscountryeducation. com/cce/conferences/ bootcamp/index.jsp
www.nln.org/facultyprograms/ leadershipinstitute.htm
www.geriatricnursing.org
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Varies, 1 day to 1 year: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and other locations
1 year: IOM, Washington, DC
1 year: in-person seminars and meetings, webinars, executive coaching, and mentoring
1 year: in-person conference, 16 courses, 6 webinars, and coaching sessions
3 years: participants remain at home institution but attend in-person seminars and complete weekly webinars and personal development
Minimum 1 year: residential program in Washington, DC
Harvard Business School: Health Care Programs
IOM–ANF–AAN–ANA: IOM Distinguished Nurse Scholarin-Residence Program
NLN Leadership Institute: Senior Deans and Directors Leadership Program
NLN Leadership Institute: Leadership Development Program for Simulation Educators
RWJF Executive Nurse Fellows
RWJF Health Policy Fellows
3-day immersion course at Ohio State University, Columbus (about 21 CE contact hours)
ANA Leadership Institute
2 years: training at the CDC, Atlanta, followed by a variety of national placements
1 year; required conference and attendance at 4 in-person meetings, webinars, and online assessments
AHA–NPSF: Comprehensive Patient Safety Leadership Fellowship
CDC: Epidemic Intelligence Service
1 year; includes 2-day in-person workshop, online resources, webinar series
Time/Location
ACE: Leadership Academy for Department Chairs
Program
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Includes a stipend of up to $165,000
Up to 35,000 over 3 years; stipend must be matched by employer
$3,000 for NLN members; $4,000 for nonmembers
$3,500 for NLN members; $4,500 for nonmembers
Fellows receive $50,000 and IOM orientation costs
Tuition varies
Salaried based on qualifications and experience
$2,200 for ANA members; $2,500 for nonmembers
$14,500 per person; group discounts available
$950 for ACE members; $1,200 for nonmembers. Group discounts available
Cost
Career development and education in health policy for health professionals and behavioral and social scientists. Includes a 12-month policy fellowship. Fellowship is administered by the IOM; up to 6 awards.
Targets 20 leadership competencies focused on leading self, leading others, leading the organization, and leading in health care at local and national levels.
For nurse faculty who want to be leaders in simulation; participants examine issues related to research in simulation and to managing simulation activities within a school of nursing or a service setting.
For deans and directors who have held their positions 5+ years and want to implement innovative strategies.
Opportunity for an outstanding nurse leader to participate in national health policy development.
A variety of daylong seminars and yearlong development programs in health innovations and the business of health care.
Postgraduate on-the-job training in epidemiology and public health for health professionals; nurse applicants need a master’s degree in public health or a doctoral or equivalent degree.
In addition to the in-person instruction to prepare and enhance leadership competencies, each participant will receive 1 year of coaching support.
Each participant designs a quality improvement or patient safety project for implementation at their home institution.
Educational sessions on leadership issues, achieving department success, and how to contribute to the mission of the institution.
Notes
www.healthpolicyfellows.org/ home.php
www.executivenursefellows.org
www.nln.org/facultyprograms/ leadershipinstitute.htm
www.nln.org/facultyprograms/ leadershipinstitute.htm
www.aannet.org/iom-scholarin-residence
www.exed.hbs.edu/category/ Pages/healthcare.aspx
www.cdc.gov/eis
http://ana-leadershipinstitute. org/Main-Menu-Category/ Offerings/Advanced-Leaders
www.hpoe.org/PSLF/PSLF_ main.shtml
www.acenet.edu/leadership/ programs/Pages/LeadershipAcademy-for-Dept-Chairs.aspx
Link
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Dates to be determined: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
Wharton Nursing Leaders Program
Live online seminars and selfpaced courses plus in-person immersion courses and coaching
2 days: locations vary
5 days: Greensboro, NC, and San Diego
3 days: Nursing Organizations Alliance, Washington, DC
5–6 days: George Mason University, Arlington, VA
ANA Leadership Institute
CCL: Leadership Fundamentals
CCL: The Women’s Leadership Program
Nurse in Washington Internship
Washington Health Policy Institute $1,630–$2,630
$525 for alliance members; $625 for nonmembers, plus hotel and travel
$6,600
$1,900
Prices vary; ANA member and nonmember pricing and bulk pricing discounts
Fully funded
$4,250, includes lodging and some meals
Cost varies, depending on seminar location
Introduction to health policymaking and research through networking, panels, and educational sessions.
Introduction to the federal legislative process, advocacy, and networking. Opportunity for meetings with Congressional staff and legislators.
Leadership skills assessments, feedback, and career development for women.
Basics of effective leadership for professionals at all levels.
All courses are built on competencies selected from the CCL competency library and align with three leadership tracks: emerging, developing, and advanced.
Nursing faculty meet with federal leadership, staff, and legislators, strengthening communication skills to advocate health policy issues.
For high-level nurse managers preparing for the role of chief nursing officer. Addresses how to develop budgeting skills, manage resources, and influence behaviors of key stakeholders.
Prepares nurses to be leaders on national and international boards.
http://chpre.org/?page_id=875
www.nursing-alliance.org/ content.cfm/id/niwi
www.ccl.org/Leadership/WLP
www.ccl.org/Leadership/LFP
www.ana-leadershipinstitute. org
www.aacn.nche.edu/ government-affairs/fpi
http://executiveeducation. wharton.upenn.edu/forindividuals/all-programs/ wharton-nursing-leadersprogram
www.nursingsociety.org/ LeadershipInstitute/BLI/Pages/ boardleadershipinstitute.aspx
AACN = American Association of Colleges of Nursing; AAN = American Academy of Nursing; ACE = American Council on Education; AHA = American Hospital Association; ANA = American Nurses Association; ANF = American Nurses Foundation; AONE = American Organization of Nurse Executives; CCL = Center for Creative Leadership; CDC = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CE = continuing education; IOM = Institute of Medicine; NLN = National League for Nursing; NPSF = National Patient Safety Foundation; NSNA = National Student Nurses’ Association; RWJF = Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; STTI = Sigma Theta Tau International.
4 days: Washington, DC
AACN Faculty Policy Intensive
All Levels
Combines online activities and in-person seminar, location varies
STTI: Board Leadership Institute