This article was downloaded by: [Central Michigan University] On: 26 November 2014, At: 08:20 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK
Journal of Personality Assessment Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/hjpa20
Anxiety and Mood States in Delinquent Adolescents Frank T. Lira , Michael J. White & A.J. Finch Jr. Published online: 10 Jun 2010.
To cite this article: Frank T. Lira , Michael J. White & A.J. Finch Jr. (1977) Anxiety and Mood States in Delinquent Adolescents, Journal of Personality Assessment, 41:5, 532-536, DOI: 10.1207/ s15327752jpa4105_12 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4105_12
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply,
Downloaded by [Central Michigan University] at 08:20 26 November 2014
or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions
Anxiety and Mood States in Delinquent AdoBeseents FRAKK 'I. LIRA F. S. Departme21 of J,US?~CG Petersbnrg, 1'qinrz
MICEIAEE 1. WHITE HoS)~Cross C a m p . Wxnechff. New York
Downloaded by [Central Michigan University] at 08:20 26 November 2014
and A. 3 . FIhCH, Jr. Vlrglnia 'Trzatrnecl Center f x Chiidren R~chmond,\3rgnlr,la
Sii?rmav. Srudied the :eiationship betweerr state-I:& anxiety and mood states ir. deiinquentr by &ing the State-Trai: Anxiety Inventory f'sr Ckildrer, (S74PZ) (Splelbe~per, i9??i sncl the Profile r.f Mood States (POMS) iMcNair. Lox. & DroppTernnn. 1971 1 to 41 behevinr problem adolescents who were residents of a facEty for yon?hftil offenders. Results indicated that n d e s and ferndeb die not differ significantly. The AState portion of the STAIC was corieleted sipifacan:!y with the Vigor-Acfuity and Ange~faostilitypc:iions of The P O W as weii as the Total Mood Disrurbarice index. On the orher hmd: the A-Trait porciort of :he ST'RIC was correhted significantly with the Depression-Uejectjon, the Tension-4cxie:y. and the Fatigue-Inertia portio:ls of :lie PDMS as weli as the Toral Mood Disrurbance index. Fidinps were discussed in terms of :heir relationship to previaus : c.f zffectjve st-re.: presentei; by reseaxh and ic rerms of rhe dizerencer i ~ ,-.onceptio:i Spieberger ( 1 973) and McNai. et al. jl97: ).
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for a d j e c iivcs describing elevations ir: Children (STMC") was designed by Spiei- m s c u l o s k k t a l t ensicn ; (b) Angerberger (1993) in ar: aircmnpt I E dewlop an thostiiity, which refieds moods of anger, arixiety ssscssmexlt instrument zndogeers irritatim and a:~tipathy to\vard other to the State-Yrzit Arixiety Inventory rsersons; (c) Depression-Dejectionj w%ch (Spielbe~ger. Gorsuch, & tushene. 1990'1 indicates a mood of depression with wl.,ich is for adults. ~ ~ a i i & and y reiiabi:?- concornitm: feeiings of persona; inadeity data Cai thc STMC suggest its feasible qsacy; (dl Vigor-Activity. which reflects apphca~ior..in assessing state anxiety f& a mood characterized by ebukiience, State) and trait anxiery (A-Traitj in vigorousness and Irigh energy; (e) Fatigue:zormai {SpieIberger; 1973). delinquect Inertia, which represents :I mood charx(%elson. Kendad!, Finch, Kendall, 8i terlzed by weariness, inertia 2nd low Nelson, 19741, and emotionally disturbed energ?: lwei: (f) Confirsion-Bew2derment, popdatiom (Finch, Mo~tgomery. & which represents a mood of bewilderment Ikardorff, 1974; Montganery & Fhch, and muddleheadedness. A T o t d Mood 1974). The STAIC': '~'Pdck:is composed of Disturbance (TMD) score is derived by two separate %-item self-report scales, combining scores across the six factors. has been widely appiied to diffe-~ e n t r a ~ eThe TMD is presented as z single r i m tracsienf anxiety experienced by children specific estimate of affective state. The PBMS iest manual presents relifrom a relatively stable proneaess t o abiiity 2nd validity &ta to support its expermce anxicry ever time. The Profile of Mood States {POIVIS)~ applicsticn as a measure of fluctuating develcped Sy McKair. L o x , and Dropple- mood stares (McNair et al., 1991). A;man (lY41:), was designed to provide s thou& :be POMS is recommended fur J I G outquickiy administered. efficier:: method of assessi:zg mood stares in psyclLia~-' assessing transiect affective states. The patients, its research application with POMS, which has evolved :r^rc.rn repeated nornxd and disturbed adolescent populafactor andyses, is a 65-item, 5-point tions would seem te be justified. adjective rating scale, The POMS meaExamination oC the six POMS factors sures six identifiabie affective states: (a) suggests a reiatjonship between each facTension-Anxiety, which is defined by tor and SpieIberger's (1 973) concept of
Downloaded by [Central Michigan University] at 08:20 26 November 2014
F T L I R A . \l.J
WHITE, and 4 . J . FIXCH. J R .
i: -7 .
-
-, :.>). Tf-!e POhfS 2nd :he STAEC 1ve:i. ad1nkisreTt.S il: ;;:iduj:1 j y & : f~ i.~ft!:re: ; C four ' J L S ~ ~ ~ ~ F ~ The I I I S STAIC . ivss sdmii-;isrercd 2s opposed rL: ST.U . . i i wzs iicri;ipsted ths: rns::!' p x ~ ~ c ~ p x : : ~ would eIlcounTt . . ms.ss~r:e~. -- . T'sblc 2 pi]es:ilis sxreist1;sr; ?d.:f~i,'lenls be:wec.n 30th pcx+o!lz of :he ST.-ZIC and POhlS faLr;)rs x,yilcl: :nai? arid ,. . Iernaie psrticipari~sive:~ tornbiwci. The A - S r ~ t zportiari 01' sigrLifwirh each orhi.!-. The res;~I:!: of rhe presml s1;ldy sag%st a c!~se re!a;ionsi:ip betwe.:; b h l facrnrs ~ and a x x i z r ~ . .E x l ; POMS fa - refiect more enduring affective responses than A6tat.e. Such affective responses reach trait proportions by A-Trait criteriz. Other investigators hwe similarly cast doabt on the h c t u a ? l n g natxre of some or the POMS factors. C o s t z n t i ~ i ,Davis,
traits which are :eiativeiy imper~icpusto fiuctuatiofi. References @as:anecia, Pi., McCandiess, a. R., 6: Paierrno, D. S. The cziniidren's form of the Manifest Acxie~y Scaie. Child Developmerrr, 19%; 27, 317-216. Costantini. 4. F., David, 3.. Brum, 4. R., & Eervclino. A. Personality an5 mood coirePates o f . Schednk of ' ~ e c e n t Experience ! 1973 , 3%. scores. ~ ~ c h n l n g i c aReports,
I I43-iI5C I'inch, A. 3.: tr., Kenddk. P. C.. d hfuntgmnery. L. I-.. M;tlri&meneinnaLity
of anxirty
in
cbddrerr: Fac:er slructure of thc Zkiidren's Manifest Anxiety Scale. .iourria: of A bnorted positive sig~ificantcorreiations bemal Q;ir'~i P ~ y c h o b 1974, ~ ~ . Z 331-336. tween Confusion, Tension, Fatigue. and Fin& A. J., Jr., Montgomery, L. E.; & U e z dorff, P. 4.Reliability of state-rrair anxie~y TMD POMS scales and life changes with emotionally disruf8ed chiidren. Joz~rnal experienced by college students over a cjf A bnonrzd Child PsychoIo.~, 1974, 2, two- to threeyear time period. These 67-69. scales comprise four of the five POM Jastil;, 3. F.; & Jastak, S. R. Wide .Range scaks wkiich are presently %und ro correiZchJe~:enzen: Test Mmztial. WiL.i.mgron. Delauare: Guidance Rssocia!es For Delalate signii"lcaniIg~with the A-Trait scale of wire, In:.. 1976. the STAIC, D. M., i o n . M., 6: Droppienag, t. F. A third expianstlop; entails the c o : ~ hlcNw. Mamiul for thc P.ro.fik of Mood Stti~cs,S m lrasi between the test situation and the Diego: Educationai and Induarisl T'esung IIfe stylc ef the behavior problem adolesService, 1991. cents under study. Par:icigaats emerged Montgo:nery. L. E., C Finch. A. 3.. 9r. Validity of two measurey of anxie?y in children. from theatering hostile ecvirironmeilts. it Jozrrt~ai o,i' A bnormai Child P s ~ d i o i q p . is unlikely that their ra:.ultip:oSlern 1974. 2.193-198. ,~uines .-. could provide ernotkcnal support Nelson. W. M., 111. Rendali, P. C., Firmch. .4. J.. fir.. or comfort to cour;ier the impact of d;$y Jr., Ken&&, hf. S.. 6: Neison; S. E. Anxiety snd locus of confici: in delinquents. Jowval environmenral stress which may evoke oJ -4hrzormni Chiid Psylrolog', i974. 2, such ~ndrrring ematiord responses as 245-279. depression. confusion and weariness or Fuioff, M. I).. Kelnran. FI. C., & Frerik. J. D. f't~tiguc.The nornxtive sarnpiing of McCornforr, effecti~enessand self-awareness as who criteria of imp:ovement in psychother:tpy. Nair st 2.1. (1971) included s~rb~ecrs American Jmvna? of Exychiafr~j,1954, t'r'l, m.y k d w experienced these emotioczd 343-351. respmses as rransient slaaes triggered by C. D. Frelinivaty Manual f b r the interLmirteni ar;xie@-evoking situstions Spielberger, Stare-7mi: Anxien, h v e n tory f i r ClziJdren and reliwed by psychslogical intemen{'Row i Feel Qz~estionnaiw';', Palo Alto. ricn 31 siru:;tior,al changes. CaYiorcia. Consulting Psvchobgists Prsss, 1973. The findings of :his investigation indicate a need for extending the POMS Spielberger. C. D., Gorsuch, X. L.. & Lushene. R. E. M a n i d for the State-Trait .4n.xier.y starrdardization sampie ::,include normal, Questiocnaire). I ? a ~ e n l o ~(Self-Evaluztinn s deiinquent and emorionally disturbed Pals Aka, Cdlforniz: Consulting Psy chubadolescent popuiations. Results further g i s s P~ess.1970. suggest a discrepa:q betweeri the con- Taylor: 3. A. -4 personaliry scale of rnanifes: mxiety . Journal qf A bwrma! nrzd Socia: cepts of state and !reit factors held by Psyckolcae;~.1953,4i): 285-290. Spielberger (I973) arld Mchiair e: ai. (1991). U'hiie McNair et aI. (B971 j con- trank T .I,ua. PhD LJ*S. Depl. of Justice sider POMS responses t o reflect fluctuat- Federal Correctmnai institution ing emotional srates. cia the basis of the Petersbug. Virginia 23803 findings of tihis investigation, these Received: Jafiuary 31%I977 factors meet STAEC criteria for enduring Revised: March 8: 1977
Brauc, and lervolim (1 9'74) demonstra-
Journal of Personality Assessment Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/hjpa20
Anxiety and Mood States in Delinquent Adolescents Frank T. Lira , Michael J. White & A.J. Finch Jr. Published online: 10 Jun 2010.
To cite this article: Frank T. Lira , Michael J. White & A.J. Finch Jr. (1977) Anxiety and Mood States in Delinquent Adolescents, Journal of Personality Assessment, 41:5, 532-536, DOI: 10.1207/ s15327752jpa4105_12 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4105_12
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply,
Downloaded by [Central Michigan University] at 08:20 26 November 2014
or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions
Anxiety and Mood States in Delinquent AdoBeseents FRAKK 'I. LIRA F. S. Departme21 of J,US?~CG Petersbnrg, 1'qinrz
MICEIAEE 1. WHITE HoS)~Cross C a m p . Wxnechff. New York
Downloaded by [Central Michigan University] at 08:20 26 November 2014
and A. 3 . FIhCH, Jr. Vlrglnia 'Trzatrnecl Center f x Chiidren R~chmond,\3rgnlr,la
Sii?rmav. Srudied the :eiationship betweerr state-I:& anxiety and mood states ir. deiinquentr by &ing the State-Trai: Anxiety Inventory f'sr Ckildrer, (S74PZ) (Splelbe~per, i9??i sncl the Profile r.f Mood States (POMS) iMcNair. Lox. & DroppTernnn. 1971 1 to 41 behevinr problem adolescents who were residents of a facEty for yon?hftil offenders. Results indicated that n d e s and ferndeb die not differ significantly. The AState portion of the STAIC was corieleted sipifacan:!y with the Vigor-Acfuity and Ange~faostilitypc:iions of The P O W as weii as the Total Mood Disrurbarice index. On the orher hmd: the A-Trait porciort of :he ST'RIC was correhted significantly with the Depression-Uejectjon, the Tension-4cxie:y. and the Fatigue-Inertia portio:ls of :lie PDMS as weli as the Toral Mood Disrurbance index. Fidinps were discussed in terms of :heir relationship to previaus : c.f zffectjve st-re.: presentei; by reseaxh and ic rerms of rhe dizerencer i ~ ,-.onceptio:i Spieberger ( 1 973) and McNai. et al. jl97: ).
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for a d j e c iivcs describing elevations ir: Children (STMC") was designed by Spiei- m s c u l o s k k t a l t ensicn ; (b) Angerberger (1993) in ar: aircmnpt I E dewlop an thostiiity, which refieds moods of anger, arixiety ssscssmexlt instrument zndogeers irritatim and a:~tipathy to\vard other to the State-Yrzit Arixiety Inventory rsersons; (c) Depression-Dejectionj w%ch (Spielbe~ger. Gorsuch, & tushene. 1990'1 indicates a mood of depression with wl.,ich is for adults. ~ ~ a i i & and y reiiabi:?- concornitm: feeiings of persona; inadeity data Cai thc STMC suggest its feasible qsacy; (dl Vigor-Activity. which reflects apphca~ior..in assessing state anxiety f& a mood characterized by ebukiience, State) and trait anxiery (A-Traitj in vigorousness and Irigh energy; (e) Fatigue:zormai {SpieIberger; 1973). delinquect Inertia, which represents :I mood charx(%elson. Kendad!, Finch, Kendall, 8i terlzed by weariness, inertia 2nd low Nelson, 19741, and emotionally disturbed energ?: lwei: (f) Confirsion-Bew2derment, popdatiom (Finch, Mo~tgomery. & which represents a mood of bewilderment Ikardorff, 1974; Montganery & Fhch, and muddleheadedness. A T o t d Mood 1974). The STAIC': '~'Pdck:is composed of Disturbance (TMD) score is derived by two separate %-item self-report scales, combining scores across the six factors. has been widely appiied to diffe-~ e n t r a ~ eThe TMD is presented as z single r i m tracsienf anxiety experienced by children specific estimate of affective state. The PBMS iest manual presents relifrom a relatively stable proneaess t o abiiity 2nd validity &ta to support its expermce anxicry ever time. The Profile of Mood States {POIVIS)~ applicsticn as a measure of fluctuating develcped Sy McKair. L o x , and Dropple- mood stares (McNair et al., 1991). A;man (lY41:), was designed to provide s thou& :be POMS is recommended fur J I G outquickiy administered. efficier:: method of assessi:zg mood stares in psyclLia~-' assessing transiect affective states. The patients, its research application with POMS, which has evolved :r^rc.rn repeated nornxd and disturbed adolescent populafactor andyses, is a 65-item, 5-point tions would seem te be justified. adjective rating scale, The POMS meaExamination oC the six POMS factors sures six identifiabie affective states: (a) suggests a reiatjonship between each facTension-Anxiety, which is defined by tor and SpieIberger's (1 973) concept of
Downloaded by [Central Michigan University] at 08:20 26 November 2014
F T L I R A . \l.J
WHITE, and 4 . J . FIXCH. J R .
i: -7 .
-
-, :.>). Tf-!e POhfS 2nd :he STAEC 1ve:i. ad1nkisreTt.S il: ;;:iduj:1 j y & : f~ i.~ft!:re: ; C four ' J L S ~ ~ ~ ~ F ~ The I I I S STAIC . ivss sdmii-;isrercd 2s opposed rL: ST.U . . i i wzs iicri;ipsted ths: rns::!' p x ~ ~ c ~ p x : : ~ would eIlcounTt . . ms.ss~r:e~. -- . T'sblc 2 pi]es:ilis sxreist1;sr; ?d.:f~i,'lenls be:wec.n 30th pcx+o!lz of :he ST.-ZIC and POhlS faLr;)rs x,yilcl: :nai? arid ,. . Iernaie psrticipari~sive:~ tornbiwci. The A - S r ~ t zportiari 01' sigrLifwirh each orhi.!-. The res;~I:!: of rhe presml s1;ldy sag%st a c!~se re!a;ionsi:ip betwe.:; b h l facrnrs ~ and a x x i z r ~ . .E x l ; POMS fa - refiect more enduring affective responses than A6tat.e. Such affective responses reach trait proportions by A-Trait criteriz. Other investigators hwe similarly cast doabt on the h c t u a ? l n g natxre of some or the POMS factors. C o s t z n t i ~ i ,Davis,
traits which are :eiativeiy imper~icpusto fiuctuatiofi. References @as:anecia, Pi., McCandiess, a. R., 6: Paierrno, D. S. The cziniidren's form of the Manifest Acxie~y Scaie. Child Developmerrr, 19%; 27, 317-216. Costantini. 4. F., David, 3.. Brum, 4. R., & Eervclino. A. Personality an5 mood coirePates o f . Schednk of ' ~ e c e n t Experience ! 1973 , 3%. scores. ~ ~ c h n l n g i c aReports,
I I43-iI5C I'inch, A. 3.: tr., Kenddk. P. C.. d hfuntgmnery. L. I-.. M;tlri&meneinnaLity
of anxirty
in
cbddrerr: Fac:er slructure of thc Zkiidren's Manifest Anxiety Scale. .iourria: of A bnorted positive sig~ificantcorreiations bemal Q;ir'~i P ~ y c h o b 1974, ~ ~ . Z 331-336. tween Confusion, Tension, Fatigue. and Fin& A. J., Jr., Montgomery, L. E.; & U e z dorff, P. 4.Reliability of state-rrair anxie~y TMD POMS scales and life changes with emotionally disruf8ed chiidren. Joz~rnal experienced by college students over a cjf A bnonrzd Child PsychoIo.~, 1974, 2, two- to threeyear time period. These 67-69. scales comprise four of the five POM Jastil;, 3. F.; & Jastak, S. R. Wide .Range scaks wkiich are presently %und ro correiZchJe~:enzen: Test Mmztial. WiL.i.mgron. Delauare: Guidance Rssocia!es For Delalate signii"lcaniIg~with the A-Trait scale of wire, In:.. 1976. the STAIC, D. M., i o n . M., 6: Droppienag, t. F. A third expianstlop; entails the c o : ~ hlcNw. Mamiul for thc P.ro.fik of Mood Stti~cs,S m lrasi between the test situation and the Diego: Educationai and Induarisl T'esung IIfe stylc ef the behavior problem adolesService, 1991. cents under study. Par:icigaats emerged Montgo:nery. L. E., C Finch. A. 3.. 9r. Validity of two measurey of anxie?y in children. from theatering hostile ecvirironmeilts. it Jozrrt~ai o,i' A bnormai Child P s ~ d i o i q p . is unlikely that their ra:.ultip:oSlern 1974. 2.193-198. ,~uines .-. could provide ernotkcnal support Nelson. W. M., 111. Rendali, P. C., Firmch. .4. J.. fir.. or comfort to cour;ier the impact of d;$y Jr., Ken&&, hf. S.. 6: Neison; S. E. Anxiety snd locus of confici: in delinquents. Jowval environmenral stress which may evoke oJ -4hrzormni Chiid Psylrolog', i974. 2, such ~ndrrring ematiord responses as 245-279. depression. confusion and weariness or Fuioff, M. I).. Kelnran. FI. C., & Frerik. J. D. f't~tiguc.The nornxtive sarnpiing of McCornforr, effecti~enessand self-awareness as who criteria of imp:ovement in psychother:tpy. Nair st 2.1. (1971) included s~rb~ecrs American Jmvna? of Exychiafr~j,1954, t'r'l, m.y k d w experienced these emotioczd 343-351. respmses as rransient slaaes triggered by C. D. Frelinivaty Manual f b r the interLmirteni ar;xie@-evoking situstions Spielberger, Stare-7mi: Anxien, h v e n tory f i r ClziJdren and reliwed by psychslogical intemen{'Row i Feel Qz~estionnaiw';', Palo Alto. ricn 31 siru:;tior,al changes. CaYiorcia. Consulting Psvchobgists Prsss, 1973. The findings of :his investigation indicate a need for extending the POMS Spielberger. C. D., Gorsuch, X. L.. & Lushene. R. E. M a n i d for the State-Trait .4n.xier.y starrdardization sampie ::,include normal, Questiocnaire). I ? a ~ e n l o ~(Self-Evaluztinn s deiinquent and emorionally disturbed Pals Aka, Cdlforniz: Consulting Psy chubadolescent popuiations. Results further g i s s P~ess.1970. suggest a discrepa:q betweeri the con- Taylor: 3. A. -4 personaliry scale of rnanifes: mxiety . Journal qf A bwrma! nrzd Socia: cepts of state and !reit factors held by Psyckolcae;~.1953,4i): 285-290. Spielberger (I973) arld Mchiair e: ai. (1991). U'hiie McNair et aI. (B971 j con- trank T .I,ua. PhD LJ*S. Depl. of Justice sider POMS responses t o reflect fluctuat- Federal Correctmnai institution ing emotional srates. cia the basis of the Petersbug. Virginia 23803 findings of tihis investigation, these Received: Jafiuary 31%I977 factors meet STAEC criteria for enduring Revised: March 8: 1977
Brauc, and lervolim (1 9'74) demonstra-
