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Antone Tarazi: The First Palestinian Neurosurgeon and the First Neurosurgeon in Jordan: A Neurosurgeon of Two Countries Ahmed J. Awad1,2 and John A. Jane Sr1
Antone (Tony) Tarazi (1927e1999) was the first Palestinian neurosurgeon and the first neurosurgeon in Jordan. In 1952, Tarazi received his medical degree from the American University of Beirut in Lebanon. After completing neurosurgery training at the Montreal Neurological Institute in 1960, he returned to Palestine to practice neurosurgery in both Palestine and Jordan. For almost 10 years, he alone carried the load of neurosurgery for a population of >3 million people. His skills and knowledge enabled him to achieve admirable results with limited available resources. Tarazi was the president of the Palestinian Neurosurgical Society, a member of Jordan medical societies, and a member of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. His continuous efforts to improve medical services extended beyond neurosurgery to many other fields. This article recounts Antone Tarazi’s achievements and contributions to neurosurgery in Palestine and Jordan.
EARLY YEARS
A
ntone Tarazi was born in Gaza on Christmas Day, 1927, to Khader and Melvina Tarazi. He was the third child in a family of 5 brothers and 2 sisters. He completed his first 9 years of schooling in Gaza after which he moved to the Arab College in Jerusalem for the last 2 years of his high school education. In 1945, he took his matriculation examinations and ranked second in all of Palestine, and he subsequently was admitted to the American University of Beirut in Lebanon, where he studied medicine. He received his medical degree in 1952 and spent an additional year in general practice training at the American University of Beirut. He then moved to Duke University Hospital in Durham, North Carolina, USA, to train in general surgery.
MOVE TO MONTREAL In 1956, just before leaving for Montreal, Canada, Antone married Rima Nasir from Birzeit in Palestine. They moved to Montreal where he did his neurosurgical training at the Montreal Neurological Institute for 4 years. The director at that time was Dr. Theodore Rasmussen following the recent retirement of Dr. Wilder Penfield. Antone’s neurosurgical chiefs were Drs. William Cone and Arthur Elvidge (Figure 1). The environment of the Montreal Neurological Institute was extremely stimulating and challenging during those times (Figure 2). The chiefs were teachers and mentors. Dr. Theodore Rasmussen kept in touch with most of the fellows who were always welcomed by him and by his wife Catherine (Figure 3). In 1960, Antone obtained a Diploma in Neurosurgery from McGill University and was qualified by the American Board of Neurological Surgery after which he worked at the Montreal General Hospital for a couple of months. RETURN TO PALESTINE At the end of 1960, Antone returned to the West Bank of Palestine (annexed to Jordan at the time), and he spent 4 months trying to establish a neurosurgical center in Jerusalem. A few months later, he was appointed as a neurosurgeon at the Governmental Hospice Hospital in Jerusalem (Figure 4). As soon as he was appointed to his new post, Antone settled down with his family in Ramallah. Being the only neurosurgeon in Palestine and Jordan, he established a center at the Augusta Victoria Hospital in Jerusalem for the treatment of Palestinian refugees and for his private practice. He became a consultant at St. John’s Ophthalmic Hospital and for the Army Base Hospital in Amman, which later became the King Hussein Medical Center. He went there weekly to operate and to train physicians and nurses. For almost 10 years, Antone alone provided the neurosurgical care for the population of >3 million people. Being the only neurosurgeon in the 2 countries, Antone encountered a wide variety of cases, as noted by Jackson (1), “Antone Tarazi, the neurosurgeon in Jordan, told me of a child of
Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Key words Jordan - MNI - Montreal - Neurosurgery - Palestine -
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Ahmed J. Awad, M.D. [E-mail: [email protected]] Citation: World Neurosurg. (2014) 82, 6:959-962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2014.09.022 Journal homepage: www.WORLDNEUROSURGERY.org From the 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; and 2Faculty of
WORLD NEUROSURGERY 82 [6]: 959-962, DECEMBER 2014
Available online: www.sciencedirect.com 1878-8750/$ - see front matter ª 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
www.WORLDNEUROSURGERY.org
959
FORUM AHMED J. AWAD AND JOHN A. JANE
ANTONE TARAZI: A NEUROSURGEON OF 2 COUNTRIES
Figure 1. The Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, 1958. From the top, Antone Tarazi (second row, second from left), John Jane Sr. (third row, fifth from left), Dr. Wilder Penfield (fifth row, sixth from left), Dr. Theodore Rasmussen (fifth row, seventh from left), and Dr. Arthur Elvidge (fifth row, eighth from left).
3 years old on whom he had operated for a hydatid cyst of the brain.” The first few years of Antone’s career were active, and he was respected in Jordan and Palestine. The Neurosurgical Center in Jerusalem gave him a sense of pride and achievement. During those years, he was an active member of the Jordan Medical Association and served on its executive committee (Figure 5). In 1966, Jerusalem hosted the Seventh Middle East Neurosurgical Congress, which was attended by internationally renowned figures in neurosurgery and neuroscience. Antone delivered Congress opening remarks at the Young Women’s Christian Association auditorium in East Jerusalem (Figure 6).
Figure 2. Dr. William Cone (in the middle) with residents, including Antone Tarazi (behind Dr. Cone) and Ellis Keener (far right).
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www.SCIENCEDIRECT.com
At the prime of his career, Antone Tarazi received a diagnosis of cancer. His battle with cancer, which started in 1972, is a success story, although it was accompanied by a great deal of suffering and anxiety. In 1976, after undergoing pneumonectomy for a metastatic tumor and receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy, Antone was apparently cured. During the years of his treatment, he continued his practice with stamina, perseverance, and commitment, all of which were an integral part of his personality. His solace during those hard times was working in his garden, which was to become his haven and a main source of joy to him throughout the years. In 1969, Antone moved to the Al-Makassed Hospital, which was just being established, and served as a member of its medical
Figure 3. Antone Tarazi (left) and his wife Rima (third from left) with Dr. Theodore Rasmussen (second from left), his wife Catherine (fourth from left), and their son Donald (far right).
WORLD NEUROSURGERY, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2014.09.022
FORUM AHMED J. AWAD AND JOHN A. JANE
ANTONE TARAZI: A NEUROSURGEON OF 2 COUNTRIES
Figure 6. Antone Tarazi delivering opening remarks at the seventh Middle East Neurosurgical Society Congress held for the first time in Jerusalem, May 26e28, 1966.
Figure 4. Antone Tarazi performing brain surgery in the operating room.
board, maintaining his status as neurosurgical consultant at St. Joseph’s Hospital in Jerusalem. He remained in charge of neurosurgery at the Al-Makassed Hospital. In 1983, Antone became the neurosurgeon in charge at St Joseph’s Hospital for several years, assuming responsibility for most neurosurgical care for Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza (Figure 7). Besides his involvement in his medical career and his continued efforts to improve medical services through several personal and collective initiatives, such as launching programs for continuing medical education, attempting to coordinate medical efforts, and participating actively in the study for a medical school, Antone was keenly interested in education. He felt very strongly about offering the best for future generations so that they would be able to succeed where past and present generations failed. His contribution in the field of education was as a member of the Board of
Figure 5. Antone Tarazi (left) at the opening ceremony of the Jordanian Congress with Prime Minister Wasfi Tal; Health Minister Dr. Ahmad Abu Kura; and Dr. Abdul Salam Al Majali, director of the Medical Services of the Armed Forces.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY 82 [6]: 959-962, DECEMBER 2014
Trustees of Birzeit University to which he gave a great deal of his time and thought. During the last period of his life, Antone relocated his clinic to Ramallah, the place of his residence, and performed some of his surgical cases at the Arab Care Hospital. He operated on his last case there 1 day before he had a heart attack, and he died a few days later on February 26, 1999. Antone Tarazi is survived by his wife, 4 sons, and 7 grandchildren, 1 of whom he was blessed to know and enjoy. Antone performed approximately 5000 cases during his practice of more than 3 decades. Although the resources were limited, his skills and knowledge enabled him to achieve admirable results for
Figure 7. Antone Tarazi wearing surgical scrubs ready for surgery.
www.WORLDNEUROSURGERY.org
961
FORUM AHMED J. AWAD AND JOHN A. JANE
ANTONE TARAZI: A NEUROSURGEON OF 2 COUNTRIES
those times. Consequently, he was highly respected by his colleagues and very much appreciated by his patients. Antone was a member of the Jordan Medical Association, the Jordan Neurosurgical Society, Jordan’s Surgeons Society, and the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, and he was the president of the Palestinian Neurosurgical Society. REFLECTIONS OF PHYSICIANS WHO WORKED WITH ANTONE TARAZI “When Dr. William Cone died, Tony [Antone] took over the surgical neuropathology. He was a superb neuropathologist as he patiently taught me the interpretation of smears. This technique has been widely used but was developed and refined by Dr. Cone. “I have remained grateful for Dr. Tarazi’s dedication to teaching and his influence has continued throughout my career.” — John A. Jane Sr., M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Neurosurgery, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. “From the first time I met Antone, I was struck by his charisma, elegance, eloquence, sense of humor, and analytical mind. Antone Tarazi was educated and trained at the prestigious Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital. When he returned home, he was the first neurosurgeon in Palestine and Jordan. He therefore was considered a pioneer neurosurgeon in that region. “He performed in my estimation about 200 cases per year including lumbar laminectomies, craniotomies for trauma and tumors, shunting for hydrocephalus as well as some limited pain procedures. Also, he performed myelograms fairly frequently and pneumoencephalograms occasionally. “I feel very fortunate and privileged to have known Dr. Tarazi and to have him as a mentor in my early postgraduate years. He, without any doubt, critically influenced my decision to pursue a neurosurgical career.”—Hani J. Tuffaha, MD, Susquehanna Health Hospital, Williamsport, Pennsylvania, USA. “My memories carry me back 30 years ago when I started my medical career as a resident at the St. Joseph’s Hospital in
Jerusalem. One day I was asked to work in the neurosurgical unit as an assistant to the distinguished and renowned neurosurgeon Dr. Antone Tarazi, who was an acclaimed authority in the field. The moment I received this request, I started breathing heavily and my pulse rate accelerated, as I had been warned by my colleagues that working with Dr. Tarazi was exhausting. His operations were long, and his methods were unique. Moreover he was firm, exigent, and would not tolerate any errors. “Despite the delicacy of neurosurgery, Antone Tarazi had a distinct method in operating. He was confident, meticulous, and very cautious about the consequences of his surgery. He started his operations by saying “bismillah” (in the name of God) because he strongly felt that surgeons were closer to God in the operating theater. Patients and their families felt extremely confident at his hands because he would never leave a patient or the hospital after surgery before ensuring that all is well at all levels.”—Umaiyeh Khammash, M.D., Director of the UNRWA Health Department, Palestine. “Despite being a foremost neurosurgeon in the region, Antone Tarazi was constantly anxious about his patients no matter how simple the operation or how often he had performed it. He prepared meticulously for every surgery as if it were new to him, which, I believe, led to his tremendous success. Dr. Antone Tarazi could have easily been successful anywhere in the world including in Canada where he did his training, but he preferred to be in Jerusalem to which he was as committed as he was to his patients. “How we miss Antone Tarazi and hope that his rich experience will continue to inspire us all to strive for perfection in whatever we do.”—Mustafa Barghouti, MD, Ramallah, Palestine.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are deeply grateful to the Tarazi family, especially Mrs. Rima Tarazi, the wife of Dr. Antone Tarazi, for providing information and photographic material. We also thank Drs. Hani Tuffaha, Umaiyeh Khammash, and Mustafa Barghouti for providing their reflections. Available online: www.sciencedirect.com
REFERENCE 1. Jackson H: Infestations, with particular reference to hydatid cysts of the brain. Proc R Soc Med 57: 15-22, 1964.
962
www.SCIENCEDIRECT.com
Citation: World Neurosurg. (2014) 82, 6:959-962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2014.09.022
1878-8750/$ - see front matter ª 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Journal homepage: www.WORLDNEUROSURGERY.org
WORLD NEUROSURGERY, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2014.09.022
Antone Tarazi: The First Palestinian Neurosurgeon and the First Neurosurgeon in Jordan: A Neurosurgeon of Two Countries Ahmed J. Awad1,2 and John A. Jane Sr1
Antone (Tony) Tarazi (1927e1999) was the first Palestinian neurosurgeon and the first neurosurgeon in Jordan. In 1952, Tarazi received his medical degree from the American University of Beirut in Lebanon. After completing neurosurgery training at the Montreal Neurological Institute in 1960, he returned to Palestine to practice neurosurgery in both Palestine and Jordan. For almost 10 years, he alone carried the load of neurosurgery for a population of >3 million people. His skills and knowledge enabled him to achieve admirable results with limited available resources. Tarazi was the president of the Palestinian Neurosurgical Society, a member of Jordan medical societies, and a member of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. His continuous efforts to improve medical services extended beyond neurosurgery to many other fields. This article recounts Antone Tarazi’s achievements and contributions to neurosurgery in Palestine and Jordan.
EARLY YEARS
A
ntone Tarazi was born in Gaza on Christmas Day, 1927, to Khader and Melvina Tarazi. He was the third child in a family of 5 brothers and 2 sisters. He completed his first 9 years of schooling in Gaza after which he moved to the Arab College in Jerusalem for the last 2 years of his high school education. In 1945, he took his matriculation examinations and ranked second in all of Palestine, and he subsequently was admitted to the American University of Beirut in Lebanon, where he studied medicine. He received his medical degree in 1952 and spent an additional year in general practice training at the American University of Beirut. He then moved to Duke University Hospital in Durham, North Carolina, USA, to train in general surgery.
MOVE TO MONTREAL In 1956, just before leaving for Montreal, Canada, Antone married Rima Nasir from Birzeit in Palestine. They moved to Montreal where he did his neurosurgical training at the Montreal Neurological Institute for 4 years. The director at that time was Dr. Theodore Rasmussen following the recent retirement of Dr. Wilder Penfield. Antone’s neurosurgical chiefs were Drs. William Cone and Arthur Elvidge (Figure 1). The environment of the Montreal Neurological Institute was extremely stimulating and challenging during those times (Figure 2). The chiefs were teachers and mentors. Dr. Theodore Rasmussen kept in touch with most of the fellows who were always welcomed by him and by his wife Catherine (Figure 3). In 1960, Antone obtained a Diploma in Neurosurgery from McGill University and was qualified by the American Board of Neurological Surgery after which he worked at the Montreal General Hospital for a couple of months. RETURN TO PALESTINE At the end of 1960, Antone returned to the West Bank of Palestine (annexed to Jordan at the time), and he spent 4 months trying to establish a neurosurgical center in Jerusalem. A few months later, he was appointed as a neurosurgeon at the Governmental Hospice Hospital in Jerusalem (Figure 4). As soon as he was appointed to his new post, Antone settled down with his family in Ramallah. Being the only neurosurgeon in Palestine and Jordan, he established a center at the Augusta Victoria Hospital in Jerusalem for the treatment of Palestinian refugees and for his private practice. He became a consultant at St. John’s Ophthalmic Hospital and for the Army Base Hospital in Amman, which later became the King Hussein Medical Center. He went there weekly to operate and to train physicians and nurses. For almost 10 years, Antone alone provided the neurosurgical care for the population of >3 million people. Being the only neurosurgeon in the 2 countries, Antone encountered a wide variety of cases, as noted by Jackson (1), “Antone Tarazi, the neurosurgeon in Jordan, told me of a child of
Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Key words Jordan - MNI - Montreal - Neurosurgery - Palestine -
To whom correspondence should be addressed: Ahmed J. Awad, M.D. [E-mail: [email protected]] Citation: World Neurosurg. (2014) 82, 6:959-962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2014.09.022 Journal homepage: www.WORLDNEUROSURGERY.org From the 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; and 2Faculty of
WORLD NEUROSURGERY 82 [6]: 959-962, DECEMBER 2014
Available online: www.sciencedirect.com 1878-8750/$ - see front matter ª 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
www.WORLDNEUROSURGERY.org
959
FORUM AHMED J. AWAD AND JOHN A. JANE
ANTONE TARAZI: A NEUROSURGEON OF 2 COUNTRIES
Figure 1. The Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, 1958. From the top, Antone Tarazi (second row, second from left), John Jane Sr. (third row, fifth from left), Dr. Wilder Penfield (fifth row, sixth from left), Dr. Theodore Rasmussen (fifth row, seventh from left), and Dr. Arthur Elvidge (fifth row, eighth from left).
3 years old on whom he had operated for a hydatid cyst of the brain.” The first few years of Antone’s career were active, and he was respected in Jordan and Palestine. The Neurosurgical Center in Jerusalem gave him a sense of pride and achievement. During those years, he was an active member of the Jordan Medical Association and served on its executive committee (Figure 5). In 1966, Jerusalem hosted the Seventh Middle East Neurosurgical Congress, which was attended by internationally renowned figures in neurosurgery and neuroscience. Antone delivered Congress opening remarks at the Young Women’s Christian Association auditorium in East Jerusalem (Figure 6).
Figure 2. Dr. William Cone (in the middle) with residents, including Antone Tarazi (behind Dr. Cone) and Ellis Keener (far right).
960
www.SCIENCEDIRECT.com
At the prime of his career, Antone Tarazi received a diagnosis of cancer. His battle with cancer, which started in 1972, is a success story, although it was accompanied by a great deal of suffering and anxiety. In 1976, after undergoing pneumonectomy for a metastatic tumor and receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy, Antone was apparently cured. During the years of his treatment, he continued his practice with stamina, perseverance, and commitment, all of which were an integral part of his personality. His solace during those hard times was working in his garden, which was to become his haven and a main source of joy to him throughout the years. In 1969, Antone moved to the Al-Makassed Hospital, which was just being established, and served as a member of its medical
Figure 3. Antone Tarazi (left) and his wife Rima (third from left) with Dr. Theodore Rasmussen (second from left), his wife Catherine (fourth from left), and their son Donald (far right).
WORLD NEUROSURGERY, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2014.09.022
FORUM AHMED J. AWAD AND JOHN A. JANE
ANTONE TARAZI: A NEUROSURGEON OF 2 COUNTRIES
Figure 6. Antone Tarazi delivering opening remarks at the seventh Middle East Neurosurgical Society Congress held for the first time in Jerusalem, May 26e28, 1966.
Figure 4. Antone Tarazi performing brain surgery in the operating room.
board, maintaining his status as neurosurgical consultant at St. Joseph’s Hospital in Jerusalem. He remained in charge of neurosurgery at the Al-Makassed Hospital. In 1983, Antone became the neurosurgeon in charge at St Joseph’s Hospital for several years, assuming responsibility for most neurosurgical care for Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza (Figure 7). Besides his involvement in his medical career and his continued efforts to improve medical services through several personal and collective initiatives, such as launching programs for continuing medical education, attempting to coordinate medical efforts, and participating actively in the study for a medical school, Antone was keenly interested in education. He felt very strongly about offering the best for future generations so that they would be able to succeed where past and present generations failed. His contribution in the field of education was as a member of the Board of
Figure 5. Antone Tarazi (left) at the opening ceremony of the Jordanian Congress with Prime Minister Wasfi Tal; Health Minister Dr. Ahmad Abu Kura; and Dr. Abdul Salam Al Majali, director of the Medical Services of the Armed Forces.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY 82 [6]: 959-962, DECEMBER 2014
Trustees of Birzeit University to which he gave a great deal of his time and thought. During the last period of his life, Antone relocated his clinic to Ramallah, the place of his residence, and performed some of his surgical cases at the Arab Care Hospital. He operated on his last case there 1 day before he had a heart attack, and he died a few days later on February 26, 1999. Antone Tarazi is survived by his wife, 4 sons, and 7 grandchildren, 1 of whom he was blessed to know and enjoy. Antone performed approximately 5000 cases during his practice of more than 3 decades. Although the resources were limited, his skills and knowledge enabled him to achieve admirable results for
Figure 7. Antone Tarazi wearing surgical scrubs ready for surgery.
www.WORLDNEUROSURGERY.org
961
FORUM AHMED J. AWAD AND JOHN A. JANE
ANTONE TARAZI: A NEUROSURGEON OF 2 COUNTRIES
those times. Consequently, he was highly respected by his colleagues and very much appreciated by his patients. Antone was a member of the Jordan Medical Association, the Jordan Neurosurgical Society, Jordan’s Surgeons Society, and the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, and he was the president of the Palestinian Neurosurgical Society. REFLECTIONS OF PHYSICIANS WHO WORKED WITH ANTONE TARAZI “When Dr. William Cone died, Tony [Antone] took over the surgical neuropathology. He was a superb neuropathologist as he patiently taught me the interpretation of smears. This technique has been widely used but was developed and refined by Dr. Cone. “I have remained grateful for Dr. Tarazi’s dedication to teaching and his influence has continued throughout my career.” — John A. Jane Sr., M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Neurosurgery, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. “From the first time I met Antone, I was struck by his charisma, elegance, eloquence, sense of humor, and analytical mind. Antone Tarazi was educated and trained at the prestigious Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital. When he returned home, he was the first neurosurgeon in Palestine and Jordan. He therefore was considered a pioneer neurosurgeon in that region. “He performed in my estimation about 200 cases per year including lumbar laminectomies, craniotomies for trauma and tumors, shunting for hydrocephalus as well as some limited pain procedures. Also, he performed myelograms fairly frequently and pneumoencephalograms occasionally. “I feel very fortunate and privileged to have known Dr. Tarazi and to have him as a mentor in my early postgraduate years. He, without any doubt, critically influenced my decision to pursue a neurosurgical career.”—Hani J. Tuffaha, MD, Susquehanna Health Hospital, Williamsport, Pennsylvania, USA. “My memories carry me back 30 years ago when I started my medical career as a resident at the St. Joseph’s Hospital in
Jerusalem. One day I was asked to work in the neurosurgical unit as an assistant to the distinguished and renowned neurosurgeon Dr. Antone Tarazi, who was an acclaimed authority in the field. The moment I received this request, I started breathing heavily and my pulse rate accelerated, as I had been warned by my colleagues that working with Dr. Tarazi was exhausting. His operations were long, and his methods were unique. Moreover he was firm, exigent, and would not tolerate any errors. “Despite the delicacy of neurosurgery, Antone Tarazi had a distinct method in operating. He was confident, meticulous, and very cautious about the consequences of his surgery. He started his operations by saying “bismillah” (in the name of God) because he strongly felt that surgeons were closer to God in the operating theater. Patients and their families felt extremely confident at his hands because he would never leave a patient or the hospital after surgery before ensuring that all is well at all levels.”—Umaiyeh Khammash, M.D., Director of the UNRWA Health Department, Palestine. “Despite being a foremost neurosurgeon in the region, Antone Tarazi was constantly anxious about his patients no matter how simple the operation or how often he had performed it. He prepared meticulously for every surgery as if it were new to him, which, I believe, led to his tremendous success. Dr. Antone Tarazi could have easily been successful anywhere in the world including in Canada where he did his training, but he preferred to be in Jerusalem to which he was as committed as he was to his patients. “How we miss Antone Tarazi and hope that his rich experience will continue to inspire us all to strive for perfection in whatever we do.”—Mustafa Barghouti, MD, Ramallah, Palestine.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are deeply grateful to the Tarazi family, especially Mrs. Rima Tarazi, the wife of Dr. Antone Tarazi, for providing information and photographic material. We also thank Drs. Hani Tuffaha, Umaiyeh Khammash, and Mustafa Barghouti for providing their reflections. Available online: www.sciencedirect.com
REFERENCE 1. Jackson H: Infestations, with particular reference to hydatid cysts of the brain. Proc R Soc Med 57: 15-22, 1964.
962
www.SCIENCEDIRECT.com
Citation: World Neurosurg. (2014) 82, 6:959-962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2014.09.022
1878-8750/$ - see front matter ª 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Journal homepage: www.WORLDNEUROSURGERY.org
WORLD NEUROSURGERY, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2014.09.022
