FETAL AND NEONATAL MEDICINE Antenatal phenobarbital for the prevention of periventricular and intraventricular hemorrhage: A double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled, multihospital trial J o s e p h W. K a e m p f , MD, Richard Porreco, MD, Richard Molina, MD, Kathy Hate, RN, Alfonso F. Pantoja, MD, a n d A d a m A. Rosenberg, MD From the Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and the Neonatal Clinical Research center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, the Department of Obstetrics, AMI St. Luke's Hospital, Denver, and the Department of Pediatrics, St. Joseph's Hospital, Denver, Colorado To determine whether the neuroprotective properties of p h e n o b a r b i t a l would alter the i n c i d e n c e and severity of intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants, we randomly assigned 110 w o m e n at